#!/usr/bin/gawk -f

# --- Representation of Lisp data

BEGIN {
    a_number = 0
    pair_ptr = a_pair = 1
    symbol_ptr = a_symbol = 2
    
    type_name[a_number] = "number"
    type_name[a_pair] = "pair"
    type_name[a_symbol] = "symbol"
}

function is(type, expr)	
{ 
    if (expr % 4 != type) 
        error("Expected a " type_name[type] ", not a " type_name[expr % 4]) 
    return expr 
}

function is_number(expr)	{ return expr % 4 == 0 }
function is_pair(expr)		{ return expr % 4 == 1 }
function is_symbol(expr)	{ return expr % 4 == 2 }
function is_atom(expr)		{ return expr % 4 != 1 }

function make_number(n)		{ return n * 4 }

function numeric_value(expr)
{ 
    if (expr % 4 != 0) error("Not a number")
    return expr / 4 
}

# Return the symbol :string names.
function string_to_symbol(string)
{
    if (string in intern)
        return intern[string]
    symbol_ptr += 4
    intern[string] = symbol_ptr
    printname[symbol_ptr] = string
    return symbol_ptr
}

# Define a primitive procedure, with :nparams parameters,
# bound to the symbol named :name.
function def_prim(name, nparams,	sym)
{
    sym = string_to_symbol(name)
    value[sym] = string_to_symbol(sprintf("#<Primitive %s>", name))
    if (nparams != "")
        num_params[value[sym]] = nparams
    return value[sym]
}

# --- Garbage collection

# Make a new pair.
function cons(the_car, the_cdr)
{
    while (pair_ptr in marks) {
	delete marks[pair_ptr]
	pair_ptr += 4
    }
    if (pair_ptr == pair_limit)
        gc(the_car, the_cdr)
    car[pair_ptr] = the_car
    cdr[pair_ptr] = the_cdr
    pair_ptr += 4
    return pair_ptr - 4
}

function protect(object)	{ protected[++protected_ptr] = object }
function unprotect()		{ --protected_ptr }

function mark(object)
{
    while (is_pair(object) && !(object in marks)) {		#** speed
        marks[object] = 1
        mark(car[object])
        object = cdr[object]
    }
}

function gc(the_car, the_cdr,	p, i)
{
    if (loud_gc) 
        printf("\nGC...") >"/dev/stderr"
    mark(the_car); mark(the_cdr)
    for (p in protected)
        mark(protected[p])
    for (p in stack)
        mark(stack[p])
    for (p in value)
        mark(value[p])
    for (p in property) {
        i = index(SUBSEP, p)
        mark(substr(p, 1, i-1))
        mark(substr(p, i+1))
        mark(property[p])
    }
    pair_ptr = a_pair
    while (pair_ptr in marks) {
	delete marks[pair_ptr]
	pair_ptr += 4
    }
    if (pair_ptr == pair_limit) {
	if (loud_gc)
	    printf("Expanding heap...") >"/dev/stderr"
	pair_limit += 4 * heap_increment
    }
}

# --- Set up

BEGIN {	
    srand()
    
    frame_ptr = stack_ptr = 0

    if (heap_increment == "") heap_increment = 1500
    pair_limit = a_pair + 4 * heap_increment

    NIL 	= string_to_symbol("nil")
    T 		= string_to_symbol("t")
    value[NIL] = NIL
    value[T] = T
    car[NIL] = cdr[NIL] = NIL	# this is convenient in a couple places...

    THE_EOF_OBJECT = string_to_symbol("#eof")
    value[string_to_symbol("the-eof-object")] = THE_EOF_OBJECT
    eof = "(eof)"

    QUOTE 	= string_to_symbol("quote");	is_special[QUOTE] = 1
    LAMBDA 	= string_to_symbol("lambda");	is_special[LAMBDA] = 1
    IF 		= string_to_symbol("if");	is_special[IF] = 1
    SETQ 	= string_to_symbol("set!");	is_special[SETQ] = 1
    DEFINE 	= string_to_symbol("define");	is_special[DEFINE] = 1
    PROGN 	= string_to_symbol("begin");	is_special[PROGN] = 1
    WHILE 	= string_to_symbol("while");	is_special[WHILE] = 1

    EQ		= def_prim("eq?", 2)
    NULL 	= def_prim("null?", 1)
    CAR 	= def_prim("car", 1)
    CDR 	= def_prim("cdr", 1)
    CADR 	= def_prim("cadr", 1)
    CDDR 	= def_prim("cddr", 1)
    CONS 	= def_prim("cons", 2)
    LIST 	= def_prim("list")
    EVAL 	= def_prim("eval", 1)
    APPLY 	= def_prim("apply", 2)
    READ 	= def_prim("read", 0)
    WRITE 	= def_prim("write", 1)
    NEWLINE 	= def_prim("newline", 0)
    ADD		= def_prim("+", 2)
    SUB 	= def_prim("-", 2)
    MUL 	= def_prim("*", 2)
    DIV 	= def_prim("quotient", 2)
    MOD 	= def_prim("remainder", 2)
    LT 		= def_prim("<", 2)
    GET 	= def_prim("get", 2)
    PUT 	= def_prim("put", 3)
    ATOMP 	= def_prim("atom?", 1)
    PAIRP 	= def_prim("pair?", 1)
    SYMBOLP 	= def_prim("symbol?", 1)
    NUMBERP 	= def_prim("number?", 1)
    SETCAR 	= def_prim("set-car!", 2)
    SETCDR 	= def_prim("set-cdr!", 2)
    NREV 	= def_prim("reverse!", 1)
    GENSYM 	= def_prim("gensym", 0)
    RANDOM	= def_prim("random", 1)
    ERROR	= def_prim("error")

    DRIVER 	= string_to_symbol("top-level-driver")
}

# --- The interpreter

BEGIN {	
    for (;;) {
        if (DRIVER in value && value[DRIVER] != NIL)
            apply(value[DRIVER])
        else {
            expr = read()
            if (expr == THE_EOF_OBJECT)
                break;
            protect(expr)
            print_expr(eval(expr))
            unprotect()
        }
    }
    
    if (profiling)
        for (proc in call_count) {
            printf("%5d ", call_count[proc])
            print_expr(proc)
        }
}

# All the interpretation routines have the precondition that their
# arguments are protected from garbage collection.

function eval(expr,	old_frame_ptr)
{
    if (is_atom(expr))			#** speed
        if (is_symbol(expr)) {
            if (!(expr in value)) error("Unbound variable: " printname[expr])
            return value[expr]
        } else
            return expr

    op = car[expr]		# op is global to save awk stack space

    if (!(op in is_special)) {
        old_frame_ptr = frame_ptr
        frame_ptr = stack_ptr

        eval_rands(cdr[expr])
        protect(proc = eval(car[expr]))
        result = apply(proc)
        unprotect()

        stack_ptr = frame_ptr
        frame_ptr = old_frame_ptr
        return result
    }

    if (op == QUOTE)	return car[cdr[expr]]
    if (op == LAMBDA)	return expr
    if (op == IF)	return eval(car[cdr[expr]]) != NIL \
                                ? eval(car[cdr[cdr[expr]]])	\
                                : eval(car[cdr[cdr[cdr[expr]]]])
    if (op == PROGN)	return progn(cdr[expr])
    if (op == SETQ)	{
        if (!(car[cdr[expr]] in value))
            error("Unbound variable: " printname[car[cdr[expr]]])
        return value[car[cdr[expr]]] = eval(car[cdr[cdr[expr]]])
    }
    if (op == WHILE) {
        while (eval(car[cdr[expr]]) != NIL)
            progn(cdr[cdr[expr]])
        return NIL
    }
    if (op == DEFINE) {
        value[car[cdr[expr]]] = eval(car[cdr[cdr[expr]]])
        return car[cdr[expr]]
    }
    
    error("BUG: Unknown special form")
}

# Evaluate a sequence of expressions, returning the last value.
function progn(exprs)
{
    for (; cdr[exprs] != NIL; exprs = cdr[exprs])
        eval(car[exprs])
    return eval(car[exprs])
}

# Evaluate the operands of a procedure, pushing the results on the stack.
function eval_rands(rands)
{
    for (; rands != NIL; rands = cdr[rands])
        stack[stack_ptr++] = eval(car[rands])
}

# Call the procedure :proc, with args stack[frame_ptr]..stack[stack_ptr-1]
# (in that order).
function apply(proc)
{
    if (profiling) 
        ++call_count[proc]
    if (car[proc] == LAMBDA) {
        extend_env(car[cdr[proc]])
        result = progn(cdr[cdr[proc]])	# result is global to save stack space
        unwind_env(car[cdr[proc]])
        return result
    }
    if (proc in num_params && num_params[proc] != stack_ptr - frame_ptr)
        error("Wrong number of arguments to " printname[cdr[proc]])

    if (proc == CAR)	return car[is(a_pair, stack[frame_ptr])]
    if (proc == CDR)	return cdr[is(a_pair, stack[frame_ptr])]
    if (proc == CONS)	return cons(stack[frame_ptr], stack[frame_ptr+1])
    if (proc == NULL)	return stack[frame_ptr] == NIL ? T : NIL
    if (proc == EQ)	return stack[frame_ptr] == stack[frame_ptr+1] ? T : NIL
    if (proc == ATOMP)	return is_atom(stack[frame_ptr]) ? T : NIL
    if (proc == ADD)	return is(a_number, stack[frame_ptr]) + is(a_number, stack[frame_ptr+1])
    if (proc == SUB)	return is(a_number, stack[frame_ptr]) - is(a_number, stack[frame_ptr+1])
    if (proc == MUL)	return make_number(numeric_value(stack[frame_ptr]) * numeric_value(stack[frame_ptr+1]))
    if (proc == DIV)	return make_number(int(numeric_value(stack[frame_ptr]) / numeric_value(stack[frame_ptr+1])))
    if (proc == MOD)	return make_number(numeric_value(stack[frame_ptr]) % numeric_value(stack[frame_ptr+1]))
    if (proc == LT)	return (stack[frame_ptr] + 0 < stack[frame_ptr+1] + 0) ? T : NIL
    if (proc == GET)	return (stack[frame_ptr], stack[frame_ptr+1]) in property ? property[stack[frame_ptr], stack[frame_ptr+1]] : NIL
    if (proc == PUT) 	return property[stack[frame_ptr], stack[frame_ptr+1]] = stack[frame_ptr+2]
    if (proc == CADR)	return car[is(a_pair, cdr[is(a_pair, stack[frame_ptr])])]
    if (proc == CDDR)	return cdr[is(a_pair, cdr[is(a_pair, stack[frame_ptr])])]
    if (proc == LIST)	return listify_args()
    if (proc == SYMBOLP)return is_symbol(stack[frame_ptr]) ? T : NIL
    if (proc == PAIRP)	return is_pair(stack[frame_ptr]) ? T : NIL
    if (proc == NUMBERP)return is_number(stack[frame_ptr]) ? T : NIL
    if (proc == SETCAR)	return car[is(a_pair, stack[frame_ptr])] = stack[frame_ptr+1]
    if (proc == SETCDR)	return cdr[is(a_pair, stack[frame_ptr])] = stack[frame_ptr+1]
    if (proc == APPLY)	return do_apply(stack[frame_ptr], stack[frame_ptr+1])
    if (proc == EVAL)	return eval(stack[frame_ptr])
    if (proc == NREV)	return nreverse(stack[frame_ptr], NIL)
    if (proc == WRITE)	{ write_expr(stack[frame_ptr]); printf(" "); return NIL }
    if (proc == NEWLINE){ printf("\n"); return NIL }
    if (proc == READ)	return read()
    if (proc == RANDOM)	return make_number(int(rand() * numeric_value(stack[frame_ptr])))
    if (proc == GENSYM)	return string_to_symbol("#G" ++gensym_counter)
    if (proc == ERROR)	{ printf("Error!\n"); print_expr(listify_args()); exit(1) }
    error("Unknown procedure type")
}

function do_apply(proc, args,		old_frame_ptr)
{
    old_frame_ptr = frame_ptr
    frame_ptr = stack_ptr

    for (; is_pair(args); args = cdr[args])
        stack[stack_ptr++] = car[args]
    if (args != NIL)
        error("Bad argument to APPLY: not a proper list")
    result = apply(proc)

    stack_ptr = frame_ptr
    frame_ptr = old_frame_ptr
    return result
}

function listify_args(		p, result)
{
    result = NIL
    for (p = stack_ptr - 1; frame_ptr <= p; --p)
        result = cons(stack[p], result)
    return result
}

# --- The environment
# The current environment is represented by the set of values
# value[sym] where sym is a symbol.  extend_env(vars) adds a new
# set of bindings for vars, saving the old values; unwind_env(vars)
# restores those old values.  The new value for the nth member of
# vars is frame_ptr[n]; coincidentally, that's also where we 
# store away the old value, since that stack frame's not needed 
# for anything else after the extend_env() call.

function extend_env(vars,	p, temp)
{
    for (p = frame_ptr; vars != NIL; vars = cdr[vars]) {
        if (p == stack_ptr) 
	    error("Too many arguments to procedure")
        temp = value[car[vars]]
        value[car[vars]] = stack[p]
        stack[p] = temp
        ++p
    }
    if (p != stack_ptr) 
	error("Not enough arguments to procedure")
}

function unwind_env(vars,	p)
{
    for (p = frame_ptr; vars != NIL; vars = cdr[vars]) {
        if (stack[p] == "")
	    delete value[car[vars]]
	else
	    value[car[vars]] = stack[p]
	++p
    }
}

# --- Output

function print_expr(expr)
{
    write_expr(expr)
    print ""
}

function write_expr(expr)
{
    if (is_atom(expr)) {
        if (!is_symbol(expr))
            printf("%d", numeric_value(expr))
        else {
            if (!(expr in printname))
                error("BUG: " expr " has no printname")
            printf("%s", printname[expr])
        }
    } else {
        printf("(")
        write_expr(car[expr])
        for (expr = cdr[expr]; is_pair(expr); expr = cdr[expr]) {
            printf(" ")
            write_expr(car[expr])
        }
        if (expr != NIL) {
            printf(" . ")
            write_expr(expr)
        }
        printf(")")
    }
}

# --- Input

function read(		committed,	result)
{
    skip_blanks()
    if (token == eof)
        if (committed)
            error("Unexpected EOF")
        else
            return THE_EOF_OBJECT
    if (token == "(") {			# read a list
        advance()
        result = NIL
        for (;;) {
            skip_blanks()
            if (token == ".") {
                advance()
                after_dot = read(1)
                skip_blanks()
                if (token != ")")
                    error("')' expected")
                advance()
                return nreverse(result, after_dot)
            } else if (token == ")") {
                advance()
                return nreverse(result, NIL)
            } else {
                protect(result)
                result = cons(read(1), result)
                unprotect()
            }
        }
    } else if (token == "'") {		# a quoted expression
        advance()
        return cons(QUOTE, cons(read(1), NIL))
    } else if (token ~ /^-?[0-9]+$/) {	# a number
        result = make_number(token)
        advance()
        return result
    } else {				# a symbol
        result = string_to_symbol(token)
        advance()
        return result
    }
}

function skip_blanks()
{
    while (token ~ /^[ \t]*$/)
        advance()
}

function advance()
{
    if (token == eof) return eof
    if (token == "") {
        if (getline line <= 0) {
            token = eof
            return
        }
    }
    if (match(line, "^[()'.]") ||
        match(line, "^[_A-Za-z0-9=!@$%&*<>?+\\-*/:]+") ||
        match(line, "^[ \\t]+")) {
        token = substr(line, RSTART, RLENGTH)
        line = substr(line, RLENGTH+1)
    } else if (line == "" || substr(line, 1, 1) == ";")
        token = ""	# this kludge permits interactive use
    else
        error("Lexical error starting at " line)
}

# --- Miscellany

# Destructively reverse :list and append :reversed_head.
function nreverse(list, reversed_head,		tail)
{
    while (is_pair(list)) {		#** speed?
        tail = cdr[list]
        cdr[list] = reversed_head
        reversed_head = list
        list = tail
    }
    if (list != NIL)
 	error("Not a proper list - reverse!")
    return reversed_head
}

function error(reason)
{
    print "ERROR: " reason >"/dev/stderr"
    exit(1)
}