diff --git a/qse/include/qse/si/Socket.hpp b/qse/include/qse/si/Socket.hpp
index 920cb010..363ebf5d 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/si/Socket.hpp
+++ b/qse/include/qse/si/Socket.hpp
@@ -146,32 +146,38 @@ public:
 	int getIfceIndex (const qse_wchar_t* name, qse_size_t len) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
 
 	// -------------------------------------------------------------------- 
-	// the following 6 functions are provided for backward compatibility.
+	// the following 24 functions are provided for backward compatibility.
 	// it is limited to a single address and they may suffer race condition.
 	// for example, you call getIfceAddress() followed by getIfceNetmask().
 	// the network configuration information may change in between.
 	// the address/netmask pair may not be the valid fixed combination.
-	int getIfceAddress (const qse_mchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
-	int getIfceAddress (const qse_wchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
-	int getIfceAddress (const qse_mchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
-	{
-		return this->getIfceAddress(name, addr, this->domain);
-	}
-	int getIfceAddress (const qse_wchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
-	{
-		return this->getIfceAddress(name, addr, this->domain);
-	}
+	int getIfceAddress (const qse_mchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
+	int getIfceAddress (const qse_wchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
 	int getIfceNetmask (const qse_mchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
 	int getIfceNetmask (const qse_wchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
 	int getIfceBroadcast (const qse_mchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
 	int getIfceBroadcast (const qse_wchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
 
+	int getIfceAddress (const qse_mchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
+	int getIfceAddress (const qse_wchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
+	int getIfceNetmask (const qse_mchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
+	int getIfceNetmask (const qse_wchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
+	int getIfceBroadcast (const qse_mchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
+	int getIfceBroadcast (const qse_wchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
+
 	int getIfceAddress (const qse_mchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
 	int getIfceAddress (const qse_wchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
 	int getIfceNetmask (const qse_mchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
 	int getIfceNetmask (const qse_wchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
 	int getIfceBroadcast (const qse_mchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
 	int getIfceBroadcast (const qse_wchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
+
+	int getIfceAddress (const qse_mchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
+	int getIfceAddress (const qse_wchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
+	int getIfceNetmask (const qse_mchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
+	int getIfceNetmask (const qse_wchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
+	int getIfceBroadcast (const qse_mchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
+	int getIfceBroadcast (const qse_wchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT;
 	// -------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
 protected:
@@ -179,7 +185,7 @@ protected:
 	int domain;
 
 	int get_ifce_index (const void* name, qse_size_t len, bool wchar);
-	int get_ifce_address (int cmd, const void* name, qse_size_t len, bool wchar, SocketAddress* addr);
+	int get_ifce_address (int cmd, const void* name, qse_size_t len, bool wchar, SocketAddress* addr, int family);
 };
 
 
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/si/SocketAddress.hpp b/qse/include/qse/si/SocketAddress.hpp
index 5d3cd87e..aced48bb 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/si/SocketAddress.hpp
+++ b/qse/include/qse/si/SocketAddress.hpp
@@ -116,6 +116,18 @@ protected:
 	qse_skad_t skad;
 };
 
+
+#if 0
+class IfceAddress
+{
+	QSE::String   name;
+	unsigned int  flags;
+	SocketAddress addr;
+	SocketAddress netmask;
+	SocketAddress broadcast; // also used as dstaddr for a point-to-point interface
+};
+#endif
+
 /////////////////////////////////
 QSE_END_NAMESPACE(QSE)
 /////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/qse/lib/si/Socket.cpp b/qse/lib/si/Socket.cpp
index 6ff31e83..c289efff 100644
--- a/qse/lib/si/Socket.cpp
+++ b/qse/lib/si/Socket.cpp
@@ -1129,67 +1129,134 @@ int Socket::get_ifce_index (const void* name, qse_size_t len, bool wchar)
 #endif
 }
 
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 int Socket::getIfceAddress (const qse_mchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
 {
-	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFADDR, name, qse_mbslen(name), false, addr);
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFADDR, name, qse_mbslen(name), false, addr, this->domain);
 }
 
 int Socket::getIfceAddress (const qse_wchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
 {
-	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFADDR, name, qse_wcslen(name), true, addr);
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFADDR, name, qse_wcslen(name), true, addr, this->domain);
 }
 
 int Socket::getIfceNetmask(const qse_mchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
 {
-	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFNETMASK, name, qse_mbslen(name), false, addr);
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFNETMASK, name, qse_mbslen(name), false, addr, this->domain);
 }
 
 int Socket::getIfceNetmask (const qse_wchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
 {
-	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFNETMASK, name, qse_wcslen(name), true, addr);
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFNETMASK, name, qse_wcslen(name), true, addr, this->domain);
 }
 
 int Socket::getIfceBroadcast(const qse_mchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
 {
-	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFBRDADDR, name, qse_mbslen(name), false, addr);
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFBRDADDR, name, qse_mbslen(name), false, addr, this->domain);
 }
 
 int Socket::getIfceBroadcast (const qse_wchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
 {
-	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFBRDADDR, name, qse_wcslen(name), true, addr);
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFBRDADDR, name, qse_wcslen(name), true, addr, this->domain);
 }
 
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+int Socket::getIfceAddress (const qse_mchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
+{
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFADDR, name, qse_mbslen(name), false, addr, family);
+}
+
+int Socket::getIfceAddress (const qse_wchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
+{
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFADDR, name, qse_wcslen(name), true, addr, family);
+}
+
+int Socket::getIfceNetmask(const qse_mchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
+{
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFNETMASK, name, qse_mbslen(name), false, addr, family);
+}
+
+int Socket::getIfceNetmask (const qse_wchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
+{
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFNETMASK, name, qse_wcslen(name), true, addr, family);
+}
+
+int Socket::getIfceBroadcast(const qse_mchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
+{
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFBRDADDR, name, qse_mbslen(name), false, addr, family);
+}
+
+int Socket::getIfceBroadcast (const qse_wchar_t* name, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
+{
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFBRDADDR, name, qse_wcslen(name), true, addr, family);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 int Socket::getIfceAddress (const qse_mchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
 {
-	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFADDR, name, len, false, addr);
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFADDR, name, len, false, addr, this->domain);
 }
 
 int Socket::getIfceAddress (const qse_wchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
 {
-	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFADDR, name, len, true, addr);
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFADDR, name, len, true, addr, this->domain);
 }
 
 int Socket::getIfceNetmask(const qse_mchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
 {
-	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFNETMASK, name, len, false, addr);
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFNETMASK, name, len, false, addr, this->domain);
 }
 
 int Socket::getIfceNetmask (const qse_wchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
 {
-	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFNETMASK, name, len, true, addr);
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFNETMASK, name, len, true, addr, this->domain);
 }
 
 int Socket::getIfceBroadcast(const qse_mchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
 {
-	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFBRDADDR, name, len, false, addr);
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFBRDADDR, name, len, false, addr, this->domain);
 }
 
 int Socket::getIfceBroadcast (const qse_wchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
 {
-	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFBRDADDR, name, len, true, addr);
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFBRDADDR, name, len, true, addr, this->domain);
+}
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+int Socket::getIfceAddress (const qse_mchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
+{
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFADDR, name, len, false, addr, family);
 }
 
-int Socket::get_ifce_address (int cmd, const void* name, qse_size_t len, bool wchar, SocketAddress* addr)
+int Socket::getIfceAddress (const qse_wchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
+{
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFADDR, name, len, true, addr, family);
+}
+
+int Socket::getIfceNetmask(const qse_mchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
+{
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFNETMASK, name, len, false, addr, family);
+}
+
+int Socket::getIfceNetmask (const qse_wchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
+{
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFNETMASK, name, len, true, addr, family);
+}
+
+int Socket::getIfceBroadcast(const qse_mchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
+{
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFBRDADDR, name, len, false, addr, family);
+}
+
+int Socket::getIfceBroadcast (const qse_wchar_t* name, qse_size_t len, SocketAddress* addr, int family) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
+{
+	return this->get_ifce_address(SIOCGIFBRDADDR, name, len, true, addr, family);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+int Socket::get_ifce_address (int cmd, const void* name, qse_size_t len, bool wchar, SocketAddress* addr, int family)
 {
 	struct ifreq ifr;
 
@@ -1243,7 +1310,7 @@ int Socket::get_ifce_address (int cmd, const void* name, qse_size_t len, bool wc
 			}
 
 			if (!sa || !sa->sa_data) continue;
-			if (sa->sa_family != this->domain) continue; /* skip an address that doesn't match the socket's domain */
+			if (sa->sa_family != family) continue; /* skip an address that doesn't match given domain */
 
 			//*addr = SocketAddress((const qse_skad_t*)sa);
 			addr->set ((const qse_skad_t*)sa);
diff --git a/qse/samples/app/Main.cpp b/qse/samples/app/Main.cpp
index 8535077e..7fa5cd9b 100644
--- a/qse/samples/app/Main.cpp
+++ b/qse/samples/app/Main.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ static void print_usage (const qse_cli_t* cli)
 	qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T(" --loglevel=string specify logging levels\n"));
 	qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T(" --gate-addresses=string\n"));
 	qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("                   specify the control channel address\n"));
-	qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T(" --chroot=path     speficy the special root\n"));
 	qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("\n"));
 	qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("logging type string: one or more of the followings delimited by a comma:\n"));
 	qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("  console,  file, syslog\n"));