diff --git a/qse/cmd/awk/Makefile.am b/qse/cmd/awk/Makefile.am
index c1f0d295..370fec36 100644
--- a/qse/cmd/awk/Makefile.am
+++ b/qse/cmd/awk/Makefile.am
@@ -26,3 +26,8 @@ if WCHAR
 qseawk_LDADD += $(UNICOWS_LIBS)
 endif
 endif
+
+if ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE
+qseawk_LDFLAGS += -L../../lib/sed
+qseawk_LDADD += -lqsesed
+endif
diff --git a/qse/cmd/awk/Makefile.in b/qse/cmd/awk/Makefile.in
index 42c74210..df21e400 100644
--- a/qse/cmd/awk/Makefile.in
+++ b/qse/cmd/awk/Makefile.in
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ host_triplet = @host@
 @WIN32_FALSE@am__append_2 = -DDEFAULT_MODPREFIX=\"$(libdir)/libqseawk-\" -DDEFAULT_MODPOSTFIX=\"\"
 bin_PROGRAMS = qseawk$(EXEEXT)
 @WCHAR_TRUE@@WIN32_TRUE@am__append_3 = $(UNICOWS_LIBS)
+@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_TRUE@am__append_4 = -L../../lib/sed
+@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_TRUE@am__append_5 = -lqsesed
 subdir = cmd/awk
 DIST_COMMON = $(srcdir)/Makefile.am $(srcdir)/Makefile.in
 ACLOCAL_M4 = $(top_srcdir)/aclocal.m4
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ qseawk_OBJECTS = $(am_qseawk_OBJECTS)
 am__DEPENDENCIES_1 =
 @WCHAR_TRUE@@WIN32_TRUE@am__DEPENDENCIES_2 = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1)
 qseawk_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) \
-	$(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
+	$(am__DEPENDENCIES_2) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1)
 AM_V_lt = $(am__v_lt_@AM_V@)
 am__v_lt_ = $(am__v_lt_@AM_DEFAULT_V@)
 am__v_lt_0 = --silent
@@ -280,8 +282,9 @@ AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = nostdinc
 AM_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_builddir)/include -I$(top_srcdir)/include \
 	$(LTDLINCL) $(am__append_1) $(am__append_2)
 qseawk_SOURCES = awk.c
-qseawk_LDFLAGS = -L../../lib/awk -L../../lib/cmn 
-qseawk_LDADD = -lqseawk -lqsecmn $(LIBM) $(LIBLTDL) $(am__append_3)
+qseawk_LDFLAGS = -L../../lib/awk -L../../lib/cmn $(am__append_4)
+qseawk_LDADD = -lqseawk -lqsecmn $(LIBM) $(LIBLTDL) $(am__append_3) \
+	$(am__append_5)
 all: all-am
 
 .SUFFIXES:
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/Makefile.am b/qse/lib/awk/Makefile.am
index 7356aa16..5224a175 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/Makefile.am
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/Makefile.am
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ libqseawk_la_SOURCES += \
 	mod-sed.c mod-sed.h \
 	mod-str.c mod-str.h \
 	mod-sys.c mod-sys.h
+libqseawk_la_LIBADD += -lqsesed
 
 if HAVE_C_MPI
 libqseawk_la_SOURCES += mod-mpi.c mod-mpi.h
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/Makefile.in b/qse/lib/awk/Makefile.in
index 36d17994..f29efdda 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/Makefile.in
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/Makefile.in
@@ -50,13 +50,14 @@ host_triplet = @host@
 @ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_TRUE@	mod-str.c mod-str.h \
 @ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_TRUE@	mod-sys.c mod-sys.h
 
-@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_TRUE@@HAVE_C_MPI_TRUE@am__append_5 = mod-mpi.c mod-mpi.h
-@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_TRUE@@HAVE_C_MPI_TRUE@am__append_6 = $(MPI_CFLAGS)
-@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_TRUE@@HAVE_C_MPI_TRUE@am__append_7 = $(MPI_CLDFLAGS)
-@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_TRUE@@HAVE_LIBUCI_TRUE@am__append_8 = mod-uci.c mod-uci.h
-@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_TRUE@@HAVE_LIBUCI_TRUE@am__append_9 = $(UCI_LIBS)
-@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_FALSE@@HAVE_C_MPI_TRUE@am__append_10 = libqseawk-mpi.la
-@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_FALSE@@HAVE_LIBUCI_TRUE@am__append_11 = libqseawk-uci.la
+@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_TRUE@am__append_5 = -lqsesed
+@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_TRUE@@HAVE_C_MPI_TRUE@am__append_6 = mod-mpi.c mod-mpi.h
+@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_TRUE@@HAVE_C_MPI_TRUE@am__append_7 = $(MPI_CFLAGS)
+@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_TRUE@@HAVE_C_MPI_TRUE@am__append_8 = $(MPI_CLDFLAGS)
+@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_TRUE@@HAVE_LIBUCI_TRUE@am__append_9 = mod-uci.c mod-uci.h
+@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_TRUE@@HAVE_LIBUCI_TRUE@am__append_10 = $(UCI_LIBS)
+@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_FALSE@@HAVE_C_MPI_TRUE@am__append_11 = libqseawk-mpi.la
+@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_FALSE@@HAVE_LIBUCI_TRUE@am__append_12 = libqseawk-uci.la
 subdir = lib/awk
 DIST_COMMON = $(srcdir)/Makefile.am $(srcdir)/Makefile.in
 ACLOCAL_M4 = $(top_srcdir)/aclocal.m4
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ libqseawk_uci_la_LINK = $(LIBTOOL) $(AM_V_lt) --tag=CC \
 am__DEPENDENCIES_2 = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1)
 @ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_TRUE@@HAVE_LIBUCI_TRUE@am__DEPENDENCIES_3 = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1)
 libqseawk_la_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2) \
-	$(am__DEPENDENCIES_3)
+	$(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_3)
 am__libqseawk_la_SOURCES_DIST = awk.c err.c tree.c parse.c run.c rec.c \
 	val.c fnc.c misc.c rio.c std.c awk.h err.h rio.h val.h fnc.h \
 	misc.h parse.h run.h tree.h mod-dir.c mod-dir.h mod-sed.c \
@@ -459,11 +460,12 @@ LIBADD_LIB_COMMON = -lqsecmn $(LIBM) $(LIBLTDL)
 lib_LTLIBRARIES = libqseawk.la $(am__append_3)
 libqseawk_la_SOURCES = awk.c err.c tree.c parse.c run.c rec.c val.c \
 	fnc.c misc.c rio.c std.c awk.h err.h rio.h val.h fnc.h misc.h \
-	parse.h run.h tree.h $(am__append_4) $(am__append_5) \
-	$(am__append_8)
-libqseawk_la_CPPFLAGS = $(CPPFLAGS_LIB_COMMON) $(am__append_6)
-libqseawk_la_LDFLAGS = $(LDFLAGS_LIB_COMMON) $(am__append_7)
-libqseawk_la_LIBADD = $(LIBADD_LIB_COMMON) $(am__append_9)
+	parse.h run.h tree.h $(am__append_4) $(am__append_6) \
+	$(am__append_9)
+libqseawk_la_CPPFLAGS = $(CPPFLAGS_LIB_COMMON) $(am__append_7)
+libqseawk_la_LDFLAGS = $(LDFLAGS_LIB_COMMON) $(am__append_8)
+libqseawk_la_LIBADD = $(LIBADD_LIB_COMMON) $(am__append_5) \
+	$(am__append_10)
 @ENABLE_CXX_TRUE@libqseawkxx_la_SOURCES = Awk.cpp StdAwk.cpp
 @ENABLE_CXX_TRUE@libqseawkxx_la_CPPFLAGS = $(CPPFLAGS_LIB_COMMON)
 @ENABLE_CXX_TRUE@libqseawkxx_la_LDFLAGS = $(LDFLAGS_LIB_COMMON)
@@ -478,8 +480,8 @@ libqseawk_la_LIBADD = $(LIBADD_LIB_COMMON) $(am__append_9)
 @ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_FALSE@modexecdir = $(libdir)
 @ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_FALSE@modexec_LTLIBRARIES = libqseawk-dir.la \
 @ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_FALSE@	libqseawk-sed.la libqseawk-str.la \
-@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_FALSE@	libqseawk-sys.la $(am__append_10) \
-@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_FALSE@	$(am__append_11)
+@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_FALSE@	libqseawk-sys.la $(am__append_11) \
+@ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_FALSE@	$(am__append_12)
 @ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_FALSE@libqseawk_dir_la_SOURCES = mod-dir.c mod-dir.h
 @ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_FALSE@libqseawk_dir_la_CPPFLAGS = $(CPPFLAGS_MOD_COMMON)
 @ENABLE_STATIC_MODULE_FALSE@libqseawk_dir_la_LDFLAGS = $(LDFLAGS_MOD_COMMON)
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/parse.c b/qse/lib/awk/parse.c
index 4b0b1dd8..9024a2bf 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/parse.c
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/parse.c
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ enum tok_t
 	TOK_DIV_ASSN,
 	TOK_IDIV_ASSN,
 	TOK_MOD_ASSN,
-	TOK_EXP_ASSN,
+	TOK_EXP_ASSN, /* ^ - exponentiation */
 	TOK_CONCAT_ASSN,
 	TOK_RS_ASSN,
 	TOK_LS_ASSN,
@@ -67,10 +67,10 @@ enum tok_t
 	TOK_LT,
 	TOK_GE,
 	TOK_GT,
-	TOK_MA,   /* match */
-	TOK_NM,   /* not match */
-	TOK_LNOT, /* logical negation ! */
-	TOK_BQUOTE,  /* ` */
+	TOK_MA,   /* ~ - match */
+	TOK_NM,   /* !~ -  not match */
+	TOK_LNOT, /* ! - logical negation */
+	TOK_BQUOTE,  /* ` - is-defined */
 	TOK_PLUS,
 	TOK_PLUSPLUS,
 	TOK_MINUS,
@@ -82,9 +82,9 @@ enum tok_t
 	TOK_LOR,
 	TOK_LAND,
 	TOK_BOR,
-	TOK_BXOR,
+	TOK_BXOR, /* ^^ - bitwise-xor */
 	TOK_BAND,
-	TOK_BNOT, /* used for unary bitwise-not and regex match */
+	TOK_BNOT, /* ~~ - used for unary bitwise-not */
 	TOK_RS,
 	TOK_LS,
 	TOK_IN,
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/utf8.c b/qse/lib/cmn/utf8.c
index 649dc6b8..1d845dbc 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/utf8.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/utf8.c
@@ -134,8 +134,12 @@ qse_size_t qse_utf8touc (
 					for (i = 1; i < cur->length; i++)
 					{
 						/* in utf8, trailing bytes are all
-						 * set with 0x80. if not, invalid */
-						if (!(utf8[i] & 0x80)) return 0; 
+						 * set with 0x80. 
+						 *
+						 *   10XXXXXX & 11000000 => 10000000
+						 *
+						 * if not, invalid. */
+						if ((utf8[i] & 0xC0) != 0x80) return 0; 
 						w = (w << 6) | (utf8[i] & 0x3F);
 					}
 					*uc = w;
@@ -145,8 +149,12 @@ qse_size_t qse_utf8touc (
 					for (i = 1; i < cur->length; i++)
 					{
 						/* in utf8, trailing bytes are all
-						 * set with 0x80. if not, invalid */
-						if (!(utf8[i] & 0x80)) return 0; 
+						 * set with 0x80. 
+						 *
+						 *   10XXXXXX & 11000000 => 10000000
+						 *
+						 * if not, invalid. */
+						if ((utf8[i] & 0xC0) != 0x80) return 0; 
 					}
 				}
 			}