diff --git a/qse/include/qse/awk/awk.h b/qse/include/qse/awk/awk.h
index 35ee3e37..982e52d6 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/awk/awk.h
+++ b/qse/include/qse/awk/awk.h
@@ -2484,6 +2484,11 @@ qse_awk_val_t* qse_awk_rtx_makembsval (
 	qse_size_t         len
 );
 
+qse_awk_val_t* qse_awk_rtx_makembsvalwithmxstr (
+	qse_awk_rtx_t*     rtx,
+	const qse_mcstr_t* mxstr
+);
+
 /**
  * The qse_awk_rtx_makerexval() function creates a regular expression value.
  * \return value on success, #QSE_NULL on failure
@@ -2789,6 +2794,19 @@ QSE_EXPORT void qse_awk_rtx_freevalstr (
 	qse_char_t*          str  /**< string pointer */
 );
 
+
+QSE_EXPORT qse_mchar_t* qse_awk_rtx_getvalmbs (
+	qse_awk_rtx_t*       rtx, /**< runtime context */
+	const qse_awk_val_t* val, /**< value to convert */
+	qse_size_t*          len  /**< result length */
+);
+
+QSE_EXPORT void qse_awk_rtx_freevalmbs (
+	qse_awk_rtx_t*       rtx, /**< runtime context */
+	const qse_awk_val_t* val, /**< value to convert */
+	qse_mchar_t*          str  /**< string pointer */
+);
+
 /**
  * The qse_awk_rtx_valtonum() function converts a value to a number. 
  * If the value is converted to an integer, it is stored in the memory
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/fnc.c b/qse/lib/awk/fnc.c
index 14205b59..b2ea0603 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/fnc.c
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/fnc.c
@@ -1303,48 +1303,95 @@ int qse_awk_fnc_sprintf (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
 {
 	qse_size_t nargs;
 	qse_awk_val_t* a0;
-	qse_str_t out, fbu;
-	int out_inited = 0, fbu_inited = 0;
-	qse_cstr_t cs0;
-	qse_cstr_t x;
+	qse_awk_val_type_t vtype;
 
 	nargs = qse_awk_rtx_getnargs (rtx);
 	QSE_ASSERT (nargs > 0);
 
-	if (qse_str_init (&out, rtx->awk->mmgr, 256) <= -1)
+	a0 = qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 0);
+	vtype = QSE_AWK_RTX_GETVALTYPE(rtx, a0);
+	if (vtype == QSE_AWK_VAL_MBS)
 	{
-		qse_awk_rtx_seterrnum (rtx, QSE_AWK_ENOMEM, QSE_NULL);
-		goto oops;
-	}
-	out_inited = 1;
+		qse_mbs_t out, fbu;
+		int out_inited = 0, fbu_inited = 0;
+		qse_mcstr_t cs0;
+		qse_mcstr_t x;
 
-	if (qse_str_init (&fbu, rtx->awk->mmgr, 256) <= -1)
+		if (qse_mbs_init(&out, rtx->awk->mmgr, 256) <= -1)
+		{
+			qse_awk_rtx_seterrnum (rtx, QSE_AWK_ENOMEM, QSE_NULL);
+			goto oops_mbs;
+		}
+		out_inited = 1;
+
+		if (qse_mbs_init(&fbu, rtx->awk->mmgr, 256) <= -1)
+		{
+			qse_awk_rtx_seterrnum (rtx, QSE_AWK_ENOMEM, QSE_NULL);
+			goto oops_mbs;
+		}
+		fbu_inited = 1;
+
+		cs0.ptr = qse_awk_rtx_getvalmbs(rtx, a0, &cs0.len);
+		if (cs0.ptr == QSE_NULL) goto oops_mbs;
+
+		x.ptr = qse_awk_rtx_formatmbs(rtx, &out, &fbu, cs0.ptr, cs0.len, nargs, QSE_NULL, &x.len);
+		qse_awk_rtx_freevalmbs (rtx, a0, cs0.ptr);
+		if (!x.ptr) goto oops_mbs;
+		
+		a0 = qse_awk_rtx_makembsvalwithmxstr(rtx, &x);
+		if (a0 == QSE_NULL) goto oops_mbs;
+
+		qse_mbs_fini (&fbu);
+		qse_mbs_fini (&out);
+		qse_awk_rtx_setretval (rtx, a0);
+		return 0;
+
+	oops_mbs:
+		if (fbu_inited) qse_mbs_fini (&fbu);
+		if (out_inited) qse_mbs_fini (&out);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	else
 	{
-		qse_awk_rtx_seterrnum (rtx, QSE_AWK_ENOMEM, QSE_NULL);
-		goto oops;
+		qse_str_t out, fbu;
+		int out_inited = 0, fbu_inited = 0;
+		qse_cstr_t cs0;
+		qse_cstr_t x;
+
+		if (qse_str_init(&out, rtx->awk->mmgr, 256) <= -1)
+		{
+			qse_awk_rtx_seterrnum (rtx, QSE_AWK_ENOMEM, QSE_NULL);
+			goto oops;
+		}
+		out_inited = 1;
+
+		if (qse_str_init(&fbu, rtx->awk->mmgr, 256) <= -1)
+		{
+			qse_awk_rtx_seterrnum (rtx, QSE_AWK_ENOMEM, QSE_NULL);
+			goto oops;
+		}
+		fbu_inited = 1;
+
+		cs0.ptr = qse_awk_rtx_getvalstr(rtx, a0, &cs0.len);
+		if (cs0.ptr == QSE_NULL) goto oops;
+
+		x.ptr = qse_awk_rtx_format(rtx, &out, &fbu, cs0.ptr, cs0.len, nargs, QSE_NULL, &x.len);
+		qse_awk_rtx_freevalstr (rtx, a0, cs0.ptr);
+		if (!x.ptr) goto oops;
+		
+		a0 = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithxstr(rtx, &x);
+		if (a0 == QSE_NULL) goto oops;
+
+		qse_str_fini (&fbu);
+		qse_str_fini (&out);
+		qse_awk_rtx_setretval (rtx, a0);
+		return 0;
+
+	oops:
+		if (fbu_inited) qse_str_fini (&fbu);
+		if (out_inited) qse_str_fini (&out);
+		return -1;
 	}
-	fbu_inited = 1;
-
-	a0 = qse_awk_rtx_getarg (rtx, 0);
-	cs0.ptr = qse_awk_rtx_getvalstr(rtx, a0, &cs0.len);
-	if (cs0.ptr == QSE_NULL) goto oops;
-
-	x.ptr = qse_awk_rtx_format(rtx, &out, &fbu, cs0.ptr, cs0.len, nargs, QSE_NULL, &x.len);
-	qse_awk_rtx_freevalstr (rtx, a0, cs0.ptr);
-	if (!x.ptr) goto oops;
-	
-	a0 = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithxstr(rtx, &x);
-	if (a0 == QSE_NULL)  goto oops;
-
-	qse_str_fini (&fbu);
-	qse_str_fini (&out);
-	qse_awk_rtx_setretval (rtx, a0);
-	return 0;
-
-oops:
-	if (fbu_inited) qse_str_fini (&fbu);
-	if (out_inited) qse_str_fini (&out);
-	return -1;
 }
 
 static int fnc_int (qse_awk_rtx_t* run, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/val.c b/qse/lib/awk/val.c
index ede25fca..2086fe66 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/val.c
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/val.c
@@ -422,6 +422,11 @@ qse_awk_val_t* qse_awk_rtx_makembsval (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_mchar_t* pt
 	return (qse_awk_val_t*)val;
 }
 
+qse_awk_val_t* qse_awk_rtx_makembsvalwithmxstr (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_mcstr_t* mxstr)
+{
+	return qse_awk_rtx_makembsval(rtx, mxstr->ptr, mxstr->len);
+}
+
 qse_awk_val_t* qse_awk_rtx_makerexval (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_cstr_t* str, void* code[2])
 {
 	qse_awk_val_rex_t* val;
@@ -571,38 +576,38 @@ qse_awk_val_t* qse_awk_rtx_makemapvalwithdata (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, qse_awk_val_m
 		switch (p->type)
 		{
 			case QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP_DATA_INT:
-				tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makeintval (rtx, *(qse_awk_int_t*)p->vptr);
+				tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makeintval(rtx, *(qse_awk_int_t*)p->vptr);
 				break;
 
 			case QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP_DATA_FLT:
-				tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makefltval (rtx, *(qse_awk_flt_t*)p->vptr);
+				tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makefltval(rtx, *(qse_awk_flt_t*)p->vptr);
 				break;
 
 			case QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP_DATA_STR:
-				tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithstr (rtx, (qse_char_t*)p->vptr);
+				tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithstr(rtx, (qse_char_t*)p->vptr);
 				break;
 
 			case QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP_DATA_MBS:
-				tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithmbs (rtx, (qse_mchar_t*)p->vptr);
+				tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithmbs(rtx, (qse_mchar_t*)p->vptr);
 				break;
 
 			case QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP_DATA_WCS:
-				tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithwcs (rtx, (qse_wchar_t*)p->vptr);
+				tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithwcs(rtx, (qse_wchar_t*)p->vptr);
 				break;
 					
 			case QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP_DATA_XSTR:
 			case QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP_DATA_CSTR:
-				tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithxstr (rtx, (qse_cstr_t*)p->vptr);
+				tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithxstr(rtx, (qse_cstr_t*)p->vptr);
 				break;
 
 			case QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP_DATA_MXSTR:
 			case QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP_DATA_MCSTR:
-				tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithmxstr (rtx, (qse_mcstr_t*)p->vptr);
+				tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithmxstr(rtx, (qse_mcstr_t*)p->vptr);
 				break;
 
 			case QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP_DATA_WXSTR:
 			case QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP_DATA_WCSTR:
-				tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithwxstr (rtx, (qse_wcstr_t*)p->vptr);
+				tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithwxstr(rtx, (qse_wcstr_t*)p->vptr);
 				break;
 
 			default:
@@ -1570,7 +1575,7 @@ qse_char_t* qse_awk_rtx_getvalstr (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_val_t* v, q
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		return qse_awk_rtx_valtostrdup (rtx, v, len);
+		return qse_awk_rtx_valtostrdup(rtx, v, len);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1583,6 +1588,29 @@ void qse_awk_rtx_freevalstr (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_val_t* v, qse_cha
 	}
 }
 
+
+qse_mchar_t* qse_awk_rtx_getvalmbs (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_val_t* v, qse_size_t* len)
+{
+	if (QSE_AWK_RTX_GETVALTYPE(rtx, v) == QSE_AWK_VAL_MBS)
+	{
+		if (len) *len = ((qse_awk_val_mbs_t*)v)->val.len;
+		return ((qse_awk_val_mbs_t*)v)->val.ptr;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return qse_awk_rtx_valtombsdup(rtx, v, len);
+	}
+}
+
+void qse_awk_rtx_freevalmbs (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_val_t* v, qse_mchar_t* str)
+{
+	if (QSE_AWK_RTX_GETVALTYPE(rtx, v) != QSE_AWK_VAL_MBS ||
+	    str != ((qse_awk_val_mbs_t*)v)->val.ptr)
+	{
+		qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, str);
+	}
+}
+
 static int val_ref_to_num (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_val_ref_t* ref, qse_awk_int_t* l, qse_awk_flt_t* r)
 {
 	switch (ref->id)