diff --git a/qse/cmd/awk/awk.c b/qse/cmd/awk/awk.c
index 44a2deba..be61edd5 100644
--- a/qse/cmd/awk/awk.c
+++ b/qse/cmd/awk/awk.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * $Id: awk.c 470 2011-05-21 16:20:01Z hyunghwan.chung $
+ * $Id: awk.c 510 2011-07-20 16:17:16Z hyunghwan.chung $
  *
     Copyright 2006-2011 Chung, Hyung-Hwan.
     This file is part of QSE.
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ static qse_htb_walk_t print_awk_value (
 		dprint (QSE_T("%.*s = %.*s\n"), 
 			(int)QSE_HTB_KLEN(pair), QSE_HTB_KPTR(pair), 
 			(int)len, str);
-		qse_awk_free (qse_awk_rtx_getawk(rtx), str);
+		qse_awk_freemem (qse_awk_rtx_getawk(rtx), str);
 	}
 
 	return QSE_HTB_WALK_FORWARD;
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ static void dprint_return (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, qse_awk_val_t* ret)
 		else
 		{
 			dprint (QSE_T("[RETURN] - [%.*s]\n"), (int)len, str);
-			qse_awk_free (qse_awk_rtx_getawk(rtx), str);
+			qse_awk_freemem (qse_awk_rtx_getawk(rtx), str);
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/qse/configure b/qse/configure
index f19e69ce..936bc763 100755
--- a/qse/configure
+++ b/qse/configure
@@ -15300,7 +15300,7 @@ fi
 
 done
 
-for ac_header in time.h sys/time.h utime.h sys/resource.h sys/syscall.h
+for ac_header in time.h sys/time.h utime.h sys/resource.h sys/syscall.h sys/sendfile.h
 do :
   as_ac_Header=`$as_echo "ac_cv_header_$ac_header" | $as_tr_sh`
 ac_fn_c_check_header_mongrel "$LINENO" "$ac_header" "$as_ac_Header" "$ac_includes_default"
diff --git a/qse/configure.ac b/qse/configure.ac
index d6814580..6a4feb8a 100644
--- a/qse/configure.ac
+++ b/qse/configure.ac
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ AC_SUBST(LIBM, $LIBM)
 dnl check header files.
 AC_HEADER_STDC
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([stddef.h wchar.h wctype.h errno.h signal.h])
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS([time.h sys/time.h utime.h sys/resource.h sys/syscall.h])
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS([time.h sys/time.h utime.h sys/resource.h sys/syscall.h sys/sendfile.h])
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([execinfo.h])
 
 dnl check data types
diff --git a/qse/doc/page/main.doc b/qse/doc/page/main.doc
index 9af24080..efa45701 100644
--- a/qse/doc/page/main.doc
+++ b/qse/doc/page/main.doc
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Under the wide character mode:
 - #QSE_CHAR_IS_WCHAR is defined.
 - #qse_char_t maps to #qse_wchar_t.
 
-#qse_mchar_t maps @b char and #qse_wchar_t maps to @b wchar_t or equivalent.
+#qse_mchar_t maps to @b char and #qse_wchar_t maps to @b wchar_t or equivalent.
 
 @section library_modules LIBRARY MODULES
 @b QSE contains a set of APIs. Each set is organized into a library module 
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/awk/awk.h b/qse/include/qse/awk/awk.h
index cdbfe78c..8826bed0 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/awk/awk.h
+++ b/qse/include/qse/awk/awk.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * $Id: awk.h 485 2011-05-29 15:15:52Z hyunghwan.chung $
+ * $Id: awk.h 510 2011-07-20 16:17:16Z hyunghwan.chung $
  *
     Copyright 2006-2011 Chung, Hyung-Hwan.
     This file is part of QSE.
@@ -1442,28 +1442,28 @@ int qse_awk_parse (
 );
 
 /**
- * The qse_awk_alloc() function allocates dynamic memory.
+ * The qse_awk_allocmem() function allocates dynamic memory.
  * @return a pointer to a memory block on success, #QSE_NULL on failure
  */
-void* qse_awk_alloc (
+void* qse_awk_allocmem (
 	qse_awk_t* awk,  /**< awk */
 	qse_size_t size  /**< size of memory to allocate in bytes */
 );
 
 /**
- * The qse_awk_realloc() function resizes a dynamic memory block.
+ * The qse_awk_reallocmem() function resizes a dynamic memory block.
  * @return a pointer to a memory block on success, #QSE_NULL on failure
  */
-void* qse_awk_realloc (
+void* qse_awk_reallocmem (
 	qse_awk_t* awk,  /**< awk */
 	void*      ptr,  /**< memory block */
 	qse_size_t size  /**< new block size in bytes */
 );
 
 /**
- * The qse_awk_free() function frees dynamic memory allocated.
+ * The qse_awk_freemem() function frees dynamic memory allocated.
  */
-void qse_awk_free (
+void qse_awk_freemem (
 	qse_awk_t* awk, /**< awk */
 	void*      ptr  /**< memory block to free */
 );
@@ -2237,32 +2237,32 @@ int qse_awk_rtx_strtonum (
 );
 
 /**
- * The qse_awk_rtx_alloc() function allocats a memory block of @a size bytes
+ * The qse_awk_rtx_allocmem() function allocats a memory block of @a size bytes
  * using the memory manager associated with a runtime context @a rtx. 
  * @return the pointer to a memory block on success, #QSE_NULL on failure.
  */
-void* qse_awk_rtx_alloc (
+void* qse_awk_rtx_allocmem (
 	qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, /**< runtime context */
 	qse_size_t     size /**< block size in bytes */
 );
 
 /**
- * The qse_awk_rtx_realloc() function resizes a memory block pointed to
+ * The qse_awk_rtx_reallocmem() function resizes a memory block pointed to
  * by @a ptr to @a size bytes using the memory manager associated with 
  * a runtime context @a rtx. 
  * @return the pointer to a memory block on success, #QSE_NULL on failure.
  */
-void* qse_awk_rtx_realloc (
+void* qse_awk_rtx_reallocmem (
 	qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, /**< runtime context */
 	void*          ptr, /**< memory block */
 	qse_size_t     size /**< block size in bytes */
 );
 
 /**
- * The qse_awk_rtx_free() function frees a memory block pointed to by @a ptr
+ * The qse_awk_rtx_freemem() function frees a memory block pointed to by @a ptr
  * using the memory manager of a runtime ocntext @a rtx.
  */
-void qse_awk_rtx_free (
+void qse_awk_rtx_freemem (
 	qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, /**< runtime context */
 	void*          ptr  /**< memory block pointer */
 );
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/cmn/xma.h b/qse/include/qse/cmn/xma.h
index d5c9b5af..23e6c136 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/cmn/xma.h
+++ b/qse/include/qse/cmn/xma.h
@@ -104,7 +104,15 @@ struct qse_xma_t
 #endif
 };
 
-typedef int (*qse_xma_dumper_t) (void* target, const qse_char_t* fmt,...);
+/**
+ * The qse_xma_dumper_t type defines a printf-like output function
+ * for qse_xma_dump().
+ */
+typedef int (*qse_xma_dumper_t) (
+	void*             ctx,
+	const qse_char_t* fmt,
+	...
+);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
@@ -187,13 +195,13 @@ void qse_xma_free (
 
 /**
  * The qse_xma_dump() function dumps the contents of the memory zone
- * with the output function @a printf provided. The debug build shows
+ * with the output function @a dumper provided. The debug build shows
  * more statistical counters.
  */
 void qse_xma_dump (
 	qse_xma_t*       xma,    /**< memory allocator */
 	qse_xma_dumper_t dumper, /**< output function */
-	void*            target  /**< first parameter to output function */
+	void*            ctx     /**< first parameter to output function */
 );
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/config.h.in b/qse/include/qse/config.h.in
index f1181e3b..0beed710 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/config.h.in
+++ b/qse/include/qse/config.h.in
@@ -144,6 +144,9 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <sys/resource.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
 
+/* Define to 1 if you have the <sys/sendfile.h> header file. */
+#undef HAVE_SYS_SENDFILE_H
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <sys/stat.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
 
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/net/httpd.h b/qse/include/qse/net/httpd.h
index 43589826..1beb6732 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/net/httpd.h
+++ b/qse/include/qse/net/httpd.h
@@ -128,11 +128,35 @@ int qse_httpd_entasksendfmt (
 	...
 );
 
+int qse_httpd_entasksendfile (
+	qse_httpd_t*        httpd,
+	qse_httpd_client_t* client,
+	int                 fd,
+	qse_foff_t          offset,
+	qse_foff_t          size
+);
+
 int qse_httpd_entaskdisconnect (
 	qse_httpd_t*        httpd,
 	qse_httpd_client_t* client
 );
 
+void* qse_httpd_allocmem (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd, 
+	qse_size_t   size
+);
+
+void* qse_httpd_reallocmem (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd,
+	void*        ptr,
+	qse_size_t   size
+);
+
+void qse_httpd_freemem (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd,
+	void*        ptr
+);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/types.h b/qse/include/qse/types.h
index 592049da..8b5ba5c3 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/types.h
+++ b/qse/include/qse/types.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * $Id: types.h 504 2011-07-11 16:31:33Z hyunghwan.chung $
+ * $Id: types.h 510 2011-07-20 16:17:16Z hyunghwan.chung $
  *
     Copyright 2006-2011 Chung, Hyung-Hwan.
     This file is part of QSE.
@@ -336,7 +336,6 @@ typedef qse_int_t qse_intptr_t;
 	typedef double qse_real_t;
 #endif
 
-
 /** 
  * The qse_mchar_t type defines a multi-byte character type.
  */
@@ -575,4 +574,66 @@ typedef struct qse_mmgr_t qse_mmgr_t;
 #    error Unsupported platform
 #endif
 
+/* The qse_ubi_t type defines a union type that includes most of built-in 
+ * data types and numeric types defined in the library. */
+union qse_ubi_t
+{
+	char           c;
+	unsigned char  uc;
+	short          s;
+	unsigned short us;
+	int            i;
+	unsigned int   ui;
+	long           l;
+	unsigned long  ul;
+#if defined(QSE_SIZEOF_LONG_LONG) && (QSE_SIZEOF_LONG_LONG > 0)
+	long long      ll;
+	unsigned long long ull;
+#endif
+	float          f;
+	double         d;
+#if defined(QSE_SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE) && (QSE_SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE > 0)
+	long double    ld;
+#endif
+	void*          ptr;
+
+	qse_byte_t     byte;
+	qse_int_t      sint;
+	qse_uint_t     uint;
+	qse_long_t     slong;
+	qse_ulong_t    ulong;
+	qse_size_t     size;
+	qse_ssize_t    ssize;
+	qse_word_t     word;
+	qse_intptr_t   intptr;
+	qse_uintptr_t  uintptr;
+	qse_real_t     real;
+
+	qse_char_t     cha;
+	qse_mchar_t    mchar;
+	qse_wchar_t    wchar;
+	qse_cint_t     cint;
+	qse_mcint_t    mcint;
+	qse_wcint_t    wcint;
+
+	qse_int8_t     int8;
+	qse_uint8_t    uint8;
+	qse_int16_t    int16;
+	qse_uint16_t   uint16;
+	qse_int32_t    int32;
+	qse_uint32_t   uint32;
+#if defined(QSE_HAVE_INT64_T)
+	qse_int64_t    int64;
+	qse_uint64_t   uint64;
+#endif
+#if defined(QSE_HAVE_INT128_T)
+	qse_int128_t   int128;
+	qse_uint128_t  uint128;
+#endif
+	qse_foff_t     foff;
+};
+typedef union qse_ubi_t qse_ubi_t;
+
+
+
 #endif
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/Awk.cpp b/qse/lib/awk/Awk.cpp
index 46f684e4..922589d5 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/Awk.cpp
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/Awk.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * $Id: Awk.cpp 480 2011-05-25 14:00:19Z hyunghwan.chung $
+ * $Id: Awk.cpp 510 2011-07-20 16:17:16Z hyunghwan.chung $
  * 
     Copyright 2006-2011 Chung, Hyung-Hwan.
     This file is part of QSE.
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Awk::Console::~Console ()
 {
 	if (filename != QSE_NULL)
 	{
-		qse_awk_free ((awk_t*)this, filename);
+		qse_awk_freemem ((awk_t*)this, filename);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ Awk::Value::IntIndex::IntIndex (long_t x)
 
 void* Awk::Value::operator new (size_t n, Run* run) throw ()
 {
-	void* ptr = qse_awk_rtx_alloc (run->rtx, QSE_SIZEOF(run) + n);
+	void* ptr = qse_awk_rtx_allocmem (run->rtx, QSE_SIZEOF(run) + n);
 	if (ptr == QSE_NULL) return QSE_NULL;
 
 	*(Run**)ptr = run;
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ void* Awk::Value::operator new (size_t n, Run* run) throw ()
 
 void* Awk::Value::operator new[] (size_t n, Run* run) throw () 
 {
-	void* ptr = qse_awk_rtx_alloc (run->rtx, QSE_SIZEOF(run) + n);
+	void* ptr = qse_awk_rtx_allocmem (run->rtx, QSE_SIZEOF(run) + n);
 	if (ptr == QSE_NULL) return QSE_NULL;
 
 	*(Run**)ptr = run;
@@ -249,25 +249,25 @@ void* Awk::Value::operator new[] (size_t n, Run* run) throw ()
 #if !defined(__BORLANDC__)
 void Awk::Value::operator delete (void* ptr, Run* run) 
 {
-	qse_awk_rtx_free (run->rtx, (char*)ptr-QSE_SIZEOF(run));
+	qse_awk_rtx_freemem (run->rtx, (char*)ptr-QSE_SIZEOF(run));
 }
 
 void Awk::Value::operator delete[] (void* ptr, Run* run) 
 {
-	qse_awk_rtx_free (run->rtx, (char*)ptr-QSE_SIZEOF(run));
+	qse_awk_rtx_freemem (run->rtx, (char*)ptr-QSE_SIZEOF(run));
 }
 #endif
 
 void Awk::Value::operator delete (void* ptr) 
 {
 	void* p = (char*)ptr-QSE_SIZEOF(Run*);
-	qse_awk_rtx_free ((*(Run**)p)->rtx, p);
+	qse_awk_rtx_freemem ((*(Run**)p)->rtx, p);
 }
 
 void Awk::Value::operator delete[] (void* ptr) 
 {
 	void* p = (char*)ptr-QSE_SIZEOF(Run*);
-	qse_awk_rtx_free ((*(Run**)p)->rtx, p);
+	qse_awk_rtx_freemem ((*(Run**)p)->rtx, p);
 }
 
 Awk::Value::Value (): run (QSE_NULL), val (qse_awk_val_nil) 
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ Awk::Value::~Value ()
 	{
 		qse_awk_rtx_refdownval (run->rtx, val);
 		if (cached.str.ptr != QSE_NULL)
-			qse_awk_rtx_free (run->rtx, cached.str.ptr);
+			qse_awk_rtx_freemem (run->rtx, cached.str.ptr);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ Awk::Value& Awk::Value::operator= (const Value& v)
 		qse_awk_rtx_refdownval (run->rtx, val);
 		if (cached.str.ptr != QSE_NULL)
 		{
-			qse_awk_rtx_free (run->rtx, cached.str.ptr);
+			qse_awk_rtx_freemem (run->rtx, cached.str.ptr);
 			cached.str.ptr = QSE_NULL;
 			cached.str.len = 0;
 		}
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ void Awk::Value::clear ()
 
 		if (cached.str.ptr != QSE_NULL)
 		{
-			qse_awk_rtx_free (run->rtx, cached.str.ptr);
+			qse_awk_rtx_freemem (run->rtx, cached.str.ptr);
 			cached.str.ptr = QSE_NULL;
 			cached.str.len = 0;
 		}
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ int Awk::Value::setVal (Run* r, val_t* v)
 		qse_awk_rtx_refdownval (this->run->rtx, val);
 		if (cached.str.ptr != QSE_NULL)
 		{
-			qse_awk_rtx_free (this->run->rtx, cached.str.ptr);
+			qse_awk_rtx_freemem (this->run->rtx, cached.str.ptr);
 			cached.str.ptr = QSE_NULL;
 			cached.str.len = 0;
 		}
@@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@ static void free_function_map_value (
 	Awk::htb_t* map, void* dptr, Awk::size_t dlen)
 {
 	Awk* awk = *(Awk**) QSE_XTN (map);
-	qse_awk_free ((Awk::awk_t*)*awk, dptr);
+	qse_awk_freemem ((Awk::awk_t*)*awk, dptr);
 }
 
 int Awk::open () 
@@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ int Awk::call (
 		if (nargs <= QSE_COUNTOF(buf)) ptr = buf;
 		else
 		{
-			ptr = (val_t**) qse_awk_alloc (
+			ptr = (val_t**) qse_awk_allocmem (
 				awk, QSE_SIZEOF(val_t*) * nargs);
 			if (ptr == QSE_NULL)
 			{
@@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@ int Awk::call (
 
 	val_t* rv = qse_awk_rtx_call (runctx.rtx, name, ptr, nargs);
 
-	if (ptr != QSE_NULL && ptr != buf) qse_awk_free (awk, ptr);
+	if (ptr != QSE_NULL && ptr != buf) qse_awk_freemem (awk, ptr);
 
 	if (rv == QSE_NULL) 
 	{
@@ -1409,7 +1409,7 @@ int Awk::xstrs_t::add (awk_t* awk, const char_t* arg, size_t len)
 		size_t capa = this->capa;
 
 		capa += 64;
-		ptr = (qse_xstr_t*) qse_awk_realloc (
+		ptr = (qse_xstr_t*) qse_awk_reallocmem (
 			awk, this->ptr, QSE_SIZEOF(qse_xstr_t)*(capa+1));
 		if (ptr == QSE_NULL) return -1;
 
@@ -1433,9 +1433,9 @@ void Awk::xstrs_t::clear (awk_t* awk)
 	if (this->ptr != QSE_NULL)
 	{
 		while (this->len > 0)
-			qse_awk_free (awk, this->ptr[--this->len].ptr);
+			qse_awk_freemem (awk, this->ptr[--this->len].ptr);
 
-		qse_awk_free (awk, this->ptr);
+		qse_awk_freemem (awk, this->ptr);
 		this->ptr = QSE_NULL;
 		this->capa = 0;
 	}
@@ -1517,7 +1517,7 @@ int Awk::addFunction (
 	QSE_ASSERT (awk != QSE_NULL);
 
 	FunctionHandler* tmp = (FunctionHandler*) 
-		qse_awk_alloc (awk, QSE_SIZEOF(handler));
+		qse_awk_allocmem (awk, QSE_SIZEOF(handler));
 	if (tmp == QSE_NULL)
 	{
 		setError (QSE_AWK_ENOMEM);
@@ -1540,7 +1540,7 @@ int Awk::addFunction (
 		functionHandler);
 	if (p == QSE_NULL) 
 	{
-		qse_awk_free (awk, tmp);
+		qse_awk_freemem (awk, tmp);
 		retrieveError ();
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -1550,7 +1550,7 @@ int Awk::addFunction (
 	if (pair == QSE_NULL)
 	{
 		qse_awk_delfnc (awk, name, nameLen);
-		qse_awk_free (awk, tmp);
+		qse_awk_freemem (awk, tmp);
 
 		setError (QSE_AWK_ENOMEM);
 		return -1;
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/StdAwk.cpp b/qse/lib/awk/StdAwk.cpp
index 49d90de1..4e2f13b8 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/StdAwk.cpp
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/StdAwk.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * $Id: StdAwk.cpp 480 2011-05-25 14:00:19Z hyunghwan.chung $
+ * $Id: StdAwk.cpp 510 2011-07-20 16:17:16Z hyunghwan.chung $
  *
     Copyright 2006-2011 Chung, Hyung-Hwan.
     This file is part of QSE.
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ int StdAwk::system (Run& run, Value& ret, const Value* args, size_t nargs,
 #elif defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
 	return ret.setInt ((long_t)::system(ptr));
 #else
-	char* mbs = (char*) qse_awk_alloc ((awk_t*)(Awk*)run, l*5+1);
+	char* mbs = (char*) qse_awk_allocmem ((awk_t*)(Awk*)run, l*5+1);
 	if (mbs == QSE_NULL) return -1;
 
 	/* at this point, the string is guaranteed to be 
@@ -126,14 +126,14 @@ int StdAwk::system (Run& run, Value& ret, const Value* args, size_t nargs,
 	{
 		/* not the entire string is converted.
 		 * mbs is not null-terminated properly. */
-		qse_awk_free ((awk_t*)(Awk*)run, mbs);
+		qse_awk_freemem ((awk_t*)(Awk*)run, mbs);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
 	mbs[mbl] = '\0';
 	int n = ret.setInt ((long_t)::system(mbs));
 
-	qse_awk_free ((awk_t*)(Awk*)run, mbs);
+	qse_awk_freemem ((awk_t*)(Awk*)run, mbs);
 	return n;
 #endif
 }
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ int StdAwk::open_console_in (Console& io)
 		if (out.u.cpldup.len == 0)
 		{
 			/* the name is empty */
-			qse_awk_rtx_free (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
+			qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
 			runarg_index++;
 			goto nextfile;
 		}
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ int StdAwk::open_console_in (Console& io)
 			arg.ptr = out.u.cpldup.ptr;
 			arg.len = qse_strlen (arg.ptr);
 			((Run*)io)->setError (QSE_AWK_EIONMNL, &arg);
-			qse_awk_rtx_free (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
+			qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
 			return -1;
 		}
 
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ int StdAwk::open_console_in (Console& io)
 				arg.ptr = file;
 				arg.len = qse_strlen (arg.ptr);
 				((Run*)io)->setError (QSE_AWK_EOPEN, &arg);
-				qse_awk_rtx_free (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
+				qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
 				return -1;
 			}
 		}
@@ -423,11 +423,11 @@ int StdAwk::open_console_in (Console& io)
 			rtx, file, qse_strlen(file)) == -1)
 		{
 			if (sio != qse_sio_in) qse_sio_close (sio);
-			qse_awk_rtx_free (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
+			qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
 			return -1;
 		}
 
-		qse_awk_rtx_free (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
+		qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
 		io.setHandle (sio);
 
 		/* increment the counter of files successfully opened */
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/misc.c b/qse/lib/awk/misc.c
index 8f7a726d..52ccfd5e 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/misc.c
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/misc.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * $Id: misc.c 462 2011-05-18 14:36:40Z hyunghwan.chung $
+ * $Id: misc.c 510 2011-07-20 16:17:16Z hyunghwan.chung $
  *
     Copyright 2006-2011 Chung, Hyung-Hwan.
     This file is part of QSE.
@@ -20,29 +20,37 @@
 
 #include "awk.h"
 
-void* qse_awk_alloc (qse_awk_t* awk, qse_size_t size)
+void* qse_awk_allocmem (qse_awk_t* awk, qse_size_t size)
 {
-	return QSE_AWK_ALLOC (awk, size);
+	void* ptr = QSE_AWK_ALLOC (awk, size);
+	if (ptr == QSE_NULL)  qse_awk_seterrnum (awk, QSE_AWK_ENOMEM, QSE_NULL);
+	return ptr;
 }
 
-void* qse_awk_realloc (qse_awk_t* awk, void* ptr, qse_size_t size)
+void* qse_awk_reallocmem (qse_awk_t* awk, void* ptr, qse_size_t size)
 {
-	return QSE_AWK_REALLOC (awk, ptr, size);
+	void* nptr = QSE_AWK_REALLOC (awk, ptr, size);
+	if (nptr == QSE_NULL) qse_awk_seterrnum (awk, QSE_AWK_ENOMEM, QSE_NULL);
+	return nptr;
 }
 
-void qse_awk_free (qse_awk_t* awk, void* ptr)
+void qse_awk_freemem (qse_awk_t* awk, void* ptr)
 {
 	QSE_AWK_FREE (awk, ptr);
 }
 
 qse_char_t* qse_awk_strdup (qse_awk_t* awk, const qse_char_t* s)
 {
-	return QSE_AWK_STRDUP (awk, s);
+	qse_char_t* ptr = QSE_AWK_STRDUP (awk, s);
+	if (ptr == QSE_NULL) qse_awk_seterrnum (awk, QSE_AWK_ENOMEM, QSE_NULL);
+	return ptr;
 }
 
 qse_char_t* qse_awk_strxdup (qse_awk_t* awk, const qse_char_t* s, qse_size_t l)
 {
-	return QSE_AWK_STRXDUP (awk, s, l);
+	qse_char_t* ptr = QSE_AWK_STRXDUP (awk, s, l);
+	if (ptr == QSE_NULL) qse_awk_seterrnum (awk, QSE_AWK_ENOMEM, QSE_NULL);
+	return ptr;
 }
 
 qse_long_t qse_awk_strxtolong (
@@ -1085,18 +1093,18 @@ int qse_awk_matchrex (
 	return x;
 }
 
-void* qse_awk_rtx_alloc (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, qse_size_t size)
+void* qse_awk_rtx_allocmem (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, qse_size_t size)
 {
-	return qse_awk_alloc (rtx->awk, size);
+	return qse_awk_allocmem (rtx->awk, size);
 }
 
-void* qse_awk_rtx_realloc (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, void* ptr, qse_size_t size)
+void* qse_awk_rtx_reallocmem (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, void* ptr, qse_size_t size)
 {
-	return qse_awk_realloc (rtx->awk, ptr, size);
+	return qse_awk_reallocmem (rtx->awk, ptr, size);
 }
 
-void qse_awk_rtx_free (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, void* ptr)
+void qse_awk_rtx_freemem (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, void* ptr)
 {
-	qse_awk_free (rtx->awk, ptr);
+	qse_awk_freemem (rtx->awk, ptr);
 }
 
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/std.c b/qse/lib/awk/std.c
index 3a0aaa49..f9ba3df0 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/std.c
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/std.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * $Id: std.c 481 2011-05-25 14:42:26Z hyunghwan.chung $
+ * $Id: std.c 510 2011-07-20 16:17:16Z hyunghwan.chung $
  *
     Copyright 2006-2011 Chung, Hyung-Hwan.
     This file is part of QSE.
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ static int open_rio_console (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, qse_awk_rio_arg_t* riod)
 			if (out.u.cpldup.len == 0)
 			{
 				/* the name is empty */
-				qse_awk_rtx_free (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
+				qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
 				rxtn->c.in.index++;
 				goto nextfile;
 			}
@@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@ static int open_rio_console (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, qse_awk_rio_arg_t* riod)
 				qse_awk_rtx_seterrnum (
 					rtx, QSE_AWK_EIONMNL, &errarg);
 
-				qse_awk_rtx_free (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
+				qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
 				return -1;
 			}
 
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ static int open_rio_console (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, qse_awk_rio_arg_t* riod)
 					qse_awk_rtx_seterrnum (
 						rtx, QSE_AWK_EOPEN, &errarg);
 
-					qse_awk_rtx_free (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
+					qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
 					return -1;
 				}
 			}
@@ -1065,11 +1065,11 @@ static int open_rio_console (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, qse_awk_rio_arg_t* riod)
 				rtx, file, qse_strlen(file)) <= -1)
 			{
 				if (sio != qse_sio_in) qse_sio_close (sio);
-				qse_awk_rtx_free (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
+				qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
 				return -1;
 			}
 
-			qse_awk_rtx_free (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
+			qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, out.u.cpldup.ptr);
 			riod->handle = sio;
 
 			/* increment the counter of files successfully opened */
@@ -1465,7 +1465,7 @@ static int fnc_system (qse_awk_rtx_t* run, const qse_cstr_t* fnm)
 		char* mbs;
 		qse_size_t mbl;
 
-		mbs = (char*) qse_awk_alloc (run->awk, len*5+1);
+		mbs = (char*) qse_awk_allocmem (run->awk, len*5+1);
 		if (mbs == QSE_NULL) 
 		{
 			n = -1;
@@ -1489,7 +1489,7 @@ static int fnc_system (qse_awk_rtx_t* run, const qse_cstr_t* fnm)
 		n = system (mbs);
 
 	skip_system_mbs:
-		qse_awk_free (run->awk, mbs);
+		qse_awk_freemem (run->awk, mbs);
 	}
 #endif
 
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/xma.c b/qse/lib/cmn/xma.c
index e9c02514..1a82bad0 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/xma.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/xma.c
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ void qse_xma_free (qse_xma_t* xma, void* b)
 	}
 }
 
-void qse_xma_dump (qse_xma_t* xma,  qse_xma_dumper_t dumper, void* target)
+void qse_xma_dump (qse_xma_t* xma, qse_xma_dumper_t dumper, void* ctx)
 {
 	qse_xma_blk_t* tmp;
 	qse_ulong_t fsum, asum; 
@@ -712,31 +712,31 @@ void qse_xma_dump (qse_xma_t* xma,  qse_xma_dumper_t dumper, void* target)
 	qse_ulong_t isum;
 #endif
 
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("<XMA DUMP>\n"));
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("<XMA DUMP>\n"));
 
 #ifdef QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("== statistics ==\n"));
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("== statistics ==\n"));
 #if QSE_SIZEOF_LONG >= QSE_SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("total = %lu\n"), (unsigned long)xma->stat.total);
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("alloc = %lu\n"), (unsigned long)xma->stat.alloc);
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("avail = %lu\n"), (unsigned long)xma->stat.avail);
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("total = %lu\n"), (unsigned long)xma->stat.total);
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("alloc = %lu\n"), (unsigned long)xma->stat.alloc);
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("avail = %lu\n"), (unsigned long)xma->stat.avail);
 #else
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("total = %llu\n"), (unsigned long long)xma->stat.total);
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("alloc = %llu\n"), (unsigned long long)xma->stat.alloc);
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("avail = %llu\n"), (unsigned long long)xma->stat.avail);
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("total = %llu\n"), (unsigned long long)xma->stat.total);
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("alloc = %llu\n"), (unsigned long long)xma->stat.alloc);
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("avail = %llu\n"), (unsigned long long)xma->stat.avail);
 #endif
 #endif
 
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("== blocks ==\n"));
-	dumper (target, QSE_T(" size               avail address\n"));
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("== blocks ==\n"));
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T(" size               avail address\n"));
 	for (tmp = xma->head, fsum = 0, asum = 0; tmp; tmp = tmp->b.next)
 	{
 #if QSE_SIZEOF_LONG >= QSE_SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
-		dumper (target, QSE_T(" %-18lu %-5d %p\n"), 
+		dumper (ctx, QSE_T(" %-18lu %-5d %p\n"), 
 			(unsigned long)tmp->size, tmp->avail, tmp
 		);
 #else
-		dumper (target, QSE_T(" %-18llu %-5d %p\n"), 
+		dumper (ctx, QSE_T(" %-18llu %-5d %p\n"), 
 			(unsigned long long)tmp->size, tmp->avail, tmp
 		);
 #endif
@@ -748,22 +748,22 @@ void qse_xma_dump (qse_xma_t* xma,  qse_xma_dumper_t dumper, void* target)
 	isum = (xma->stat.nfree + xma->stat.nused) * HDRSIZE;
 #endif
 
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("---------------------------------------\n"));
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("---------------------------------------\n"));
 #if QSE_SIZEOF_LONG >= QSE_SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("Allocated blocks: %18lu bytes\n"), (unsigned long)asum);
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("Available blocks: %18lu bytes\n"), (unsigned long)fsum);
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("Allocated blocks: %18lu bytes\n"), (unsigned long)asum);
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("Available blocks: %18lu bytes\n"), (unsigned long)fsum);
 #else
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("Allocated blocks: %18llu bytes\n"), (unsigned long long)asum);
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("Available blocks: %18llu bytes\n"), (unsigned long long)fsum);
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("Allocated blocks: %18llu bytes\n"), (unsigned long long)asum);
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("Available blocks: %18llu bytes\n"), (unsigned long long)fsum);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT
 #if QSE_SIZEOF_LONG >= QSE_SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("Internal use    : %18lu bytes\n"), (unsigned long)isum);
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("Total           : %18lu bytes\n"), (unsigned long)(asum + fsum + isum));
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("Internal use    : %18lu bytes\n"), (unsigned long)isum);
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("Total           : %18lu bytes\n"), (unsigned long)(asum + fsum + isum));
 #else
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("Internal use    : %18llu bytes\n"), (unsigned long long)isum);
-	dumper (target, QSE_T("Total           : %18llu bytes\n"), (unsigned long long)(asum + fsum + isum));
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("Internal use    : %18llu bytes\n"), (unsigned long long)isum);
+	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("Total           : %18llu bytes\n"), (unsigned long long)(asum + fsum + isum));
 #endif
 #endif
 
diff --git a/qse/lib/net/Makefile.am b/qse/lib/net/Makefile.am
index acd6013c..92ac556d 100644
--- a/qse/lib/net/Makefile.am
+++ b/qse/lib/net/Makefile.am
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ libqsenet_la_SOURCES = \
 	http.c \
 	htre.c \
 	htrd.c \
-	httpd.c 
+	httpd.c \
+	httpd_task.c
 
 libqsenet_la_LDFLAGS = -version-info 1:0:0 -no-undefined -L../cmn -L$(libdir)
 libqsenet_la_LIBADD = -lqsecmn
diff --git a/qse/lib/net/Makefile.in b/qse/lib/net/Makefile.in
index d212ec1e..1662895c 100644
--- a/qse/lib/net/Makefile.in
+++ b/qse/lib/net/Makefile.in
@@ -71,7 +71,8 @@ am__base_list = \
 am__installdirs = "$(DESTDIR)$(libdir)"
 LTLIBRARIES = $(lib_LTLIBRARIES)
 libqsenet_la_DEPENDENCIES =
-am_libqsenet_la_OBJECTS = http.lo htre.lo htrd.lo httpd.lo
+am_libqsenet_la_OBJECTS = http.lo htre.lo htrd.lo httpd.lo \
+	httpd_task.lo
 libqsenet_la_OBJECTS = $(am_libqsenet_la_OBJECTS)
 libqsenet_la_LINK = $(LIBTOOL) --tag=CC $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) \
 	$(LIBTOOLFLAGS) --mode=link $(CCLD) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) \
@@ -242,7 +243,8 @@ libqsenet_la_SOURCES = \
 	http.c \
 	htre.c \
 	htrd.c \
-	httpd.c 
+	httpd.c \
+	httpd_task.c
 
 libqsenet_la_LDFLAGS = -version-info 1:0:0 -no-undefined -L../cmn -L$(libdir)
 libqsenet_la_LIBADD = -lqsecmn
@@ -324,6 +326,7 @@ distclean-compile:
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/htre.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/http.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/httpd.Plo@am__quote@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/httpd_task.Plo@am__quote@
 
 .c.o:
 @am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(COMPILE) -MT $@ -MD -MP -MF $(DEPDIR)/$*.Tpo -c -o $@ $<
diff --git a/qse/lib/net/httpd.c b/qse/lib/net/httpd.c
index fe112d14..08233565 100644
--- a/qse/lib/net/httpd.c
+++ b/qse/lib/net/httpd.c
@@ -21,11 +21,28 @@
 #include "httpd.h"
 #include "../cmn/mem.h"
 #include <qse/cmn/chr.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/str.h>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
 
 #if 0
 #include <openssl.h>
 #endif
 
+#include <qse/cmn/stdio.h>
+
+typedef struct htrd_xtn_t htrd_xtn_t;
+
+struct htrd_xtn_t
+{
+	qse_size_t      client_index; 
+	qse_httpd_t*    httpd;
+};
+
 QSE_IMPLEMENT_COMMON_FUNCTIONS (httpd)
 
 #define DEFAULT_PORT        80
@@ -114,46 +131,25 @@ void qse_httpd_setcbs (qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_cbs_t* cbs)
 	httpd->cbs = cbs;
 }
 
-static QSE_INLINE void* httpd_alloc (qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_size_t n)
+QSE_INLINE void* qse_httpd_allocmem (qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_size_t size)
 {
-	void* ptr = QSE_MMGR_ALLOC (httpd->mmgr, n);
-	if (ptr == QSE_NULL) httpd->errnum = QSE_HTTPD_ENOMEM;
+	void* ptr = QSE_MMGR_ALLOC (httpd->mmgr, size);
+	if (ptr == QSE_NULL)  httpd->errnum = QSE_HTTPD_ENOMEM;
 	return ptr;
 }
 
-static void httpd_free (qse_httpd_t* httpd, void* ptr)
+QSE_INLINE void* qse_httpd_reallocmem (qse_httpd_t* httpd, void* ptr, qse_size_t size)
+{
+	void* nptr = QSE_MMGR_REALLOC (httpd->mmgr, ptr, size);
+	if (nptr == QSE_NULL)  httpd->errnum = QSE_HTTPD_ENOMEM;
+	return nptr;
+}
+
+QSE_INLINE void qse_httpd_freemem (qse_httpd_t* httpd, void* ptr)
 {
 	QSE_MMGR_FREE (httpd->mmgr, ptr);
 }
 
-#include <qse/cmn/mem.h>
-#include <qse/cmn/str.h>
-
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <pthread.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-#include <qse/cmn/stdio.h>
-
-#define MAX_SENDFILE_SIZE 4096
-//#define MAX_SENDFILE_SIZE 64
-
-typedef struct htrd_xtn_t htrd_xtn_t;
-
-struct htrd_xtn_t
-{
-	qse_size_t      client_index; 
-	qse_httpd_t*    httpd;
-};
-
 static int enqueue_task_unlocked (
 	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, 
 	const qse_httpd_task_t* task, qse_size_t xtnsize)
@@ -167,12 +163,8 @@ static int enqueue_task_unlocked (
 		return -1;
 	}
 */
-	node = QSE_MMGR_ALLOC (httpd->mmgr, QSE_SIZEOF(*node) + xtnsize);
-	if (node == QSE_NULL)
-	{
-		httpd->errnum = QSE_HTTPD_ENOMEM;
-		return -1;
-	}
+	node = qse_httpd_allocmem (httpd, QSE_SIZEOF(*node) + xtnsize);
+	if (node == QSE_NULL) return -1;
 
 	node->task = *task;
 
@@ -183,7 +175,7 @@ static int enqueue_task_unlocked (
 		{
 			if (httpd->errnum == QSE_HTTPD_ENOERR) 
 				httpd->errnum = QSE_HTTPD_ETASK;
-			QSE_MMGR_FREE (httpd->mmgr, node);
+			qse_httpd_freemem (httpd, node);
 			return -1;	
 		}
 	}
@@ -237,7 +229,7 @@ static int dequeue_task_unlocked (
 	client->task.queue.count--;
 
 	if (node->task.fini) node->task.fini (httpd, client, &node->task);
-	QSE_MMGR_FREE (httpd->mmgr, node);
+	qse_httpd_freemem (httpd, node);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -633,7 +625,7 @@ static void fini_client_array (qse_httpd_t* httpd)
 		for (fd = 0; fd < array->capa; fd++)
 			delete_from_client_array (httpd, fd);
 
-		free (array->data);
+		qse_httpd_freemem (httpd, array->data);
 		array->capa = 0;
 		array->size = 0;
 		array->data = QSE_NULL;
@@ -651,7 +643,7 @@ static qse_httpd_client_t* insert_into_client_array (qse_httpd_t* httpd, int fd,
 		qse_httpd_client_t* tmp;
 		qse_size_t capa = ((fd + ALIGN) / ALIGN) * ALIGN;
 
-		tmp = realloc (array->data, capa * QSE_SIZEOF(*tmp));
+		tmp = qse_httpd_reallocmem (httpd, array->data, capa * QSE_SIZEOF(*tmp));
 		if (tmp == QSE_NULL) return QSE_NULL;
 
 		QSE_MEMSET (&tmp[array->capa], 0,
@@ -1012,9 +1004,9 @@ oops:
 
 static void free_listener (qse_httpd_t* httpd, listener_t* l)
 {
-	if (l->host) QSE_MMGR_FREE (httpd->mmgr, l->host);
+	if (l->host) qse_httpd_freemem (httpd, l->host);
 	if (l->handle >= 0) close (l->handle);
-	QSE_MMGR_FREE (httpd->mmgr, l);
+	qse_httpd_freemem (httpd, l);
 }
 
 static void free_listener_list (qse_httpd_t* httpd, listener_t* l)
@@ -1042,7 +1034,7 @@ static listener_t* parse_listener_string (
 		/* skip spaces */
 		while (QSE_ISSPACE(*p)) p++;
 
-		ltmp = httpd_alloc (httpd, QSE_SIZEOF(*ltmp));
+		ltmp = qse_httpd_allocmem (httpd, QSE_SIZEOF(*ltmp));
 		if (ltmp == QSE_NULL) goto oops; /* alloc set error number. so goto oops */
 
 		QSE_MEMSET (ltmp, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(*ltmp));
@@ -1112,7 +1104,7 @@ static listener_t* parse_listener_string (
 
 		x = inet_pton (ltmp->family, host, &ltmp->addr);
 #ifdef QSE_CHAR_IS_WCHAR
-		httpd_free (httpd, host);
+		qse_httpd_freemem (httpd, host);
 #endif
 		if (x != 1)
 		{
@@ -1249,246 +1241,3 @@ int qse_httpd_entask (
 	return ret;
 }
 
-/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-typedef struct task_sendtext_t task_sendtext_t;
-struct task_sendtext_t
-{
-	const qse_mchar_t* ptr;
-	qse_size_t         left;
-};
-
-static int httpd_init_sendtext (
-	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
-{
-	task_sendtext_t* xtn = qse_httpd_gettaskxtn (httpd, task);
-
-	QSE_MEMCPY (xtn, task->ctx, QSE_SIZEOF(*xtn));
-	QSE_MEMCPY (xtn + 1, xtn->ptr, xtn->left);
-	xtn->ptr = (qse_mchar_t*)(xtn + 1);
-
-	task->ctx = xtn;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int httpd_main_sendtext (
-	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
-{
-	ssize_t n;
-	size_t count;
-	task_sendtext_t* ctx = (task_sendtext_t*)task->ctx;
-
-	count = MAX_SENDFILE_SIZE;
-	if (count >= ctx->left) count = ctx->left;
-
-	n = send (
-		client->fd,
-		ctx->ptr,
-		count,
-		0
-	);
-
-	if (n <= -1) return -1;
-
-	ctx->left -= n;
-	if (ctx->left <= 0) return 0;
-
-	ctx->ptr += n;
-	return 1; /* more work to do */
-}
-
-int qse_httpd_entasksendtext (
-     qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, const qse_mchar_t* text)
-{
-	qse_httpd_task_t task;
-	task_sendtext_t data;
-
-	QSE_MEMSET (&data, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(data));
-	data.ptr = text;
-	data.left = qse_mbslen(text);
-
-	QSE_MEMSET (&task, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(task));
-	task.init = httpd_init_sendtext;
-	task.main = httpd_main_sendtext;
-	task.ctx = &data;
-
-	return qse_httpd_entask (
-		httpd, client, &task, QSE_SIZEOF(data) + data.left);
-}
-
-/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-/* TODO: send wide character string when QSE_CHAR_IS_WCHAR */
-
-/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-typedef struct task_sendfmt_t task_sendfmt_t;
-struct task_sendfmt_t
-{
-	qse_mchar_t*       org;
-	const qse_mchar_t* ptr;
-	qse_size_t         left;
-};
-
-static int httpd_init_sendfmt (
-	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
-{
-	task_sendfmt_t* xtn = qse_httpd_gettaskxtn (httpd, task);
-
-	QSE_MEMCPY (xtn, task->ctx, QSE_SIZEOF(*xtn));
-	task->ctx = xtn;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void httpd_fini_sendfmt (
-	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
-{
-	task_sendfmt_t* ctx = (task_sendfmt_t*)task->ctx;
-	httpd_free (httpd, ctx->org);
-}
-
-static int httpd_main_sendfmt (
-	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
-{
-	ssize_t n;
-	size_t count;
-	task_sendfmt_t* ctx = (task_sendfmt_t*)task->ctx;
-
-	count = MAX_SENDFILE_SIZE;
-	if (count >= ctx->left) count = ctx->left;
-
-	n = send (
-		client->fd,
-		ctx->ptr,
-		count,
-		0
-	);
-
-	if (n <= -1) return -1;
-
-	ctx->left -= n;
-	if (ctx->left <= 0) return 0;
-
-	ctx->ptr += n;
-	return 1; /* more work to do */
-}
-
-int qse_httpd_entasksendfmt (
-     qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, const qse_mchar_t* fmt, ...)
-{
-	qse_httpd_task_t task;
-	task_sendfmt_t data;
-
-	va_list ap;
-	qse_mchar_t n[2];
-	qse_mchar_t* buf;
-	int bytes_req, l;
-
-	va_start (ap, fmt);
-#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER)
-	bytes_req = _vsnprintf (n, 1, fmt, ap);
-#else
-	bytes_req = vsnprintf (n, 1, fmt, ap);
-#endif
-	va_end (ap);
-
-	if (bytes_req == -1) 
-	{
-		qse_size_t capa = 256;
-
-		buf = (qse_mchar_t*) httpd_alloc (httpd, (capa + 1) * QSE_SIZEOF(*buf));
-		if (buf == QSE_NULL) return -1;
-
-		/* an old vsnprintf behaves differently from C99 standard.
-		 * thus, it returns -1 when it can't write all the input given. */
-		for (;;) 
-		{
-			va_start (ap, fmt);
-#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER)
-			l = _vsnprintf (buf, capa + 1, fmt, ap);
-#else
-			l = vsnprintf (buf, capa + 1, fmt, ap);
-#endif
-			va_end (ap);
-
-			if (l == -1)
-			{
-				httpd_free (httpd, buf);
-
-				capa = capa * 2;
-				buf = (qse_mchar_t*) httpd_alloc (httpd, (capa + 1) * QSE_SIZEOF(*buf));
-				if (buf == QSE_NULL) return  -1;
-			}
-			else break;
-		}
-	}
-	else 
-	{
-		/* vsnprintf returns the number of characters that would 
-		 * have been written not including the terminating '\0' 
-		 * if the _data buffer were large enough */
-		buf = (qse_mchar_t*) httpd_alloc (httpd, (bytes_req + 1) * QSE_SIZEOF(*buf));
-		if (buf == QSE_NULL) return -1;
-
-		va_start (ap, fmt);
-#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER)
-		l = _vsnprintf (buf, bytes_req + 1, fmt, ap);
-#else
-		l = vsnprintf (buf, bytes_req + 1, fmt, ap);
-#endif
-		va_end (ap);
-
-		if (l != bytes_req) 
-		{
-			/* something got wrong ... */
-			httpd_free (httpd, buf);
-
-			httpd->errnum = QSE_HTTPD_EINTERN;
-			return -1;
-		}
-	}
-
-	QSE_MEMSET (&data, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(data));
-	data.org = buf;
-	data.ptr = buf;
-	data.left = l;
-
-	QSE_MEMSET (&task, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(task));
-	task.init = httpd_init_sendfmt;
-	task.fini = httpd_fini_sendfmt;
-	task.main = httpd_main_sendfmt;
-	task.ctx = &data;
-
-	return qse_httpd_entask (
-		httpd, client, &task, QSE_SIZEOF(data));
-}
-
-/* TODO: send wide character string when QSE_CHAR_IS_WCHAR */
-
-/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-int qse_httpd_entasksendfile (
-     qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, int fd)
-{
-	 /* TODO: */
-	return -1;
-}
-
-/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-static int task_main_disconnect (
-	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
-{
-	shutdown (client->fd, SHUT_RDWR);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int qse_httpd_entaskdisconnect (qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client)
-{
-	qse_httpd_task_t task;
-	
-	QSE_MEMSET (&task, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(task));
-	task.main = task_main_disconnect;
-
-	return qse_httpd_entask (httpd, client, &task, 0);
-}
diff --git a/qse/lib/net/httpd_task.c b/qse/lib/net/httpd_task.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a4cc5d0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/qse/lib/net/httpd_task.c
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+#include "httpd.h"
+#include "../cmn/mem.h"
+#include <qse/cmn/str.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/pio.h>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SENDFILE_H
+#include <sys/sendfile.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#define MAX_SENDFILE_SIZE 4096
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+static int task_main_disconnect (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
+{
+	shutdown (client->fd, SHUT_RDWR);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int qse_httpd_entaskdisconnect (qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client)
+{
+	qse_httpd_task_t task;
+	
+	QSE_MEMSET (&task, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(task));
+	task.main = task_main_disconnect;
+
+	return qse_httpd_entask (httpd, client, &task, 0);
+}
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+typedef struct task_sendtext_t task_sendtext_t;
+struct task_sendtext_t
+{
+	const qse_mchar_t* ptr;
+	qse_size_t         left;
+};
+
+static int httpd_init_sendtext (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
+{
+	task_sendtext_t* xtn = qse_httpd_gettaskxtn (httpd, task);
+
+	QSE_MEMCPY (xtn, task->ctx, QSE_SIZEOF(*xtn));
+	QSE_MEMCPY (xtn + 1, xtn->ptr, xtn->left);
+	xtn->ptr = (qse_mchar_t*)(xtn + 1);
+
+	task->ctx = xtn;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int httpd_main_sendtext (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
+{
+	ssize_t n;
+	size_t count;
+	task_sendtext_t* ctx = (task_sendtext_t*)task->ctx;
+
+	count = MAX_SENDFILE_SIZE;
+	if (count >= ctx->left) count = ctx->left;
+
+	n = send (
+		client->fd,
+		ctx->ptr,
+		count,
+		0
+	);
+
+	if (n <= -1) return -1;
+
+	ctx->left -= n;
+	if (ctx->left <= 0) return 0;
+
+	ctx->ptr += n;
+	return 1; /* more work to do */
+}
+
+int qse_httpd_entasksendtext (
+     qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, const qse_mchar_t* text)
+{
+	qse_httpd_task_t task;
+	task_sendtext_t data;
+
+	QSE_MEMSET (&data, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(data));
+	data.ptr = text;
+	data.left = qse_mbslen(text);
+
+	QSE_MEMSET (&task, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(task));
+	task.init = httpd_init_sendtext;
+	task.main = httpd_main_sendtext;
+	task.ctx = &data;
+
+	return qse_httpd_entask (
+		httpd, client, &task, QSE_SIZEOF(data) + data.left);
+}
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* TODO: send wide character string when QSE_CHAR_IS_WCHAR */
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+typedef struct task_sendfmt_t task_sendfmt_t;
+struct task_sendfmt_t
+{
+	qse_mchar_t*       org;
+	const qse_mchar_t* ptr;
+	qse_size_t         left;
+};
+
+static int httpd_init_sendfmt (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
+{
+	task_sendfmt_t* xtn = qse_httpd_gettaskxtn (httpd, task);
+
+	QSE_MEMCPY (xtn, task->ctx, QSE_SIZEOF(*xtn));
+	task->ctx = xtn;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void httpd_fini_sendfmt (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
+{
+	task_sendfmt_t* ctx = (task_sendfmt_t*)task->ctx;
+	qse_httpd_freemem (httpd, ctx->org);
+}
+
+static int httpd_main_sendfmt (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
+{
+	ssize_t n;
+	size_t count;
+	task_sendfmt_t* ctx = (task_sendfmt_t*)task->ctx;
+
+	count = MAX_SENDFILE_SIZE;
+	if (count >= ctx->left) count = ctx->left;
+
+	n = send (
+		client->fd,
+		ctx->ptr,
+		count,
+		0
+	);
+
+	if (n <= -1) return -1;
+
+	ctx->left -= n;
+	if (ctx->left <= 0) return 0;
+
+	ctx->ptr += n;
+	return 1; /* more work to do */
+}
+
+int qse_httpd_entasksendfmt (
+     qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, const qse_mchar_t* fmt, ...)
+{
+	qse_httpd_task_t task;
+	task_sendfmt_t data;
+
+	va_list ap;
+	qse_mchar_t n[2];
+	qse_mchar_t* buf;
+	int bytes_req, l;
+
+	va_start (ap, fmt);
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER)
+	bytes_req = _vsnprintf (n, 1, fmt, ap);
+#else
+	bytes_req = vsnprintf (n, 1, fmt, ap);
+#endif
+	va_end (ap);
+
+	if (bytes_req == -1) 
+	{
+		qse_size_t capa = 256;
+
+		buf = (qse_mchar_t*) qse_httpd_allocmem (httpd, (capa + 1) * QSE_SIZEOF(*buf));
+		if (buf == QSE_NULL) return -1;
+
+		/* an old vsnprintf behaves differently from C99 standard.
+		 * thus, it returns -1 when it can't write all the input given. */
+		for (;;) 
+		{
+			va_start (ap, fmt);
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER)
+			l = _vsnprintf (buf, capa + 1, fmt, ap);
+#else
+			l = vsnprintf (buf, capa + 1, fmt, ap);
+#endif
+			va_end (ap);
+
+			if (l == -1)
+			{
+				qse_httpd_freemem (httpd, buf);
+
+				capa = capa * 2;
+				buf = (qse_mchar_t*) qse_httpd_allocmem (httpd, (capa + 1) * QSE_SIZEOF(*buf));
+				if (buf == QSE_NULL) return  -1;
+			}
+			else break;
+		}
+	}
+	else 
+	{
+		/* vsnprintf returns the number of characters that would 
+		 * have been written not including the terminating '\0' 
+		 * if the _data buffer were large enough */
+		buf = (qse_mchar_t*) qse_httpd_allocmem (httpd, (bytes_req + 1) * QSE_SIZEOF(*buf));
+		if (buf == QSE_NULL) return -1;
+
+		va_start (ap, fmt);
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER)
+		l = _vsnprintf (buf, bytes_req + 1, fmt, ap);
+#else
+		l = vsnprintf (buf, bytes_req + 1, fmt, ap);
+#endif
+		va_end (ap);
+
+		if (l != bytes_req) 
+		{
+			/* something got wrong ... */
+			qse_httpd_freemem (httpd, buf);
+
+			httpd->errnum = QSE_HTTPD_EINTERN;
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	QSE_MEMSET (&data, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(data));
+	data.org = buf;
+	data.ptr = buf;
+	data.left = l;
+
+	QSE_MEMSET (&task, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(task));
+	task.init = httpd_init_sendfmt;
+	task.fini = httpd_fini_sendfmt;
+	task.main = httpd_main_sendfmt;
+	task.ctx = &data;
+
+	return qse_httpd_entask (
+		httpd, client, &task, QSE_SIZEOF(data));
+}
+
+/* TODO: send wide character string when QSE_CHAR_IS_WCHAR */
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+typedef struct httpd_task_sendfile_t httpd_task_sendfile_t;
+struct httpd_task_sendfile_t
+{
+	int fd;
+	qse_foff_t left;
+	qse_foff_t offset;
+};
+
+static int httpd_init_sendfile (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
+{
+	httpd_task_sendfile_t* xtn = qse_httpd_gettaskxtn (httpd, task);
+	QSE_MEMCPY (xtn, task->ctx, QSE_SIZEOF(*xtn));
+	task->ctx = xtn;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void httpd_fini_sendfile (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
+{
+	httpd_task_sendfile_t* ctx = (httpd_task_sendfile_t*)task->ctx;
+	close (ctx->fd);
+}
+
+static int httpd_main_sendfile (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
+{
+	ssize_t n;
+	size_t count;
+	httpd_task_sendfile_t* ctx = (httpd_task_sendfile_t*)task->ctx;
+
+	count = MAX_SENDFILE_SIZE;
+	if (count >= ctx->left) count = ctx->left;
+
+	n = sendfile (
+		client->fd,
+		ctx->fd,
+		&ctx->offset,
+		count
+	);
+
+	if (n <= -1) return -1;
+
+	ctx->left -= n;
+	if (ctx->left <= 0) return 0;
+
+	return 1; /* more work to do */
+}
+
+int qse_httpd_entasksendfile (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, 
+	int fd, qse_foff_t offset, qse_foff_t size)
+{
+	qse_httpd_task_t task;
+	httpd_task_sendfile_t data;
+	
+	QSE_MEMSET (&data, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(data));
+	data.fd = fd;
+	data.offset = offset;
+	data.left = size;
+
+	QSE_MEMSET (&task, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(task));
+	task.init = httpd_init_sendfile;
+	task.main = httpd_main_sendfile;
+	task.fini = httpd_fini_sendfile;
+	task.ctx = &data;
+
+	return qse_httpd_entask (httpd, client, &task, QSE_SIZEOF(data));
+}
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#if 0
+typedef struct httpd_task_cgi_t httpd_task_cgi_t;
+struct httpd_task_cgi_t
+{
+	qse_pio_t* pio;
+};
+
+static int httpd_init_cgi (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
+{
+	httpd_task_cgi_t* xtn = qse_httpd_gettaskxtn (httpd, task);
+
+	QSE_MEMSET (xtn, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(*xtn));
+	xtn->pio = qse_pio_open (httpd->mmgr, task->ctx);
+	if (xtn->pio == QSE_NULL)
+	{
+		httpd->errnum = QSE_HTTPD_ECGI;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	task->ctx = xtn;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void httpd_fini_cgi (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
+{
+	httpd_task_cgi_t* xtn = task->ctx;
+	qse_pio_close (xtn->pio);
+}
+
+static void httpd_main_cgi (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
+{
+/* TODO */
+	return -1;
+}
+
+int qse_httpd_entaskcgi (
+	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, const qse_char_t* path)
+{
+	qse_httpd_task_t task;
+	httpd_task_cgi_t data;
+	
+	QSE_MEMSET (&task, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(task));
+	task.init = httpd_init_cgi;
+	task.main = httpd_main_cgi;
+	task.fini = httpd_fini_cgi;
+	task.ctx = path;
+
+	return qse_httpd_entask (httpd, client, &task, QSE_SIZEOF(data));
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/qse/samples/net/http01.c b/qse/samples/net/http01.c
index a869b761..d13b60ed 100644
--- a/qse/samples/net/http01.c
+++ b/qse/samples/net/http01.c
@@ -17,82 +17,6 @@ struct httpd_xtn_t
 	const qse_httpd_cbs_t* orgcbs;
 };
 
-typedef struct httpd_task_sendfile_t httpd_task_sendfile_t;
-struct httpd_task_sendfile_t
-{
-	int fd;
-	qse_foff_t left;
-	qse_foff_t offset;
-};
-
-typedef struct httpd_task_sendtext_t httpd_task_sendtext_t;
-struct httpd_task_sendtext_t
-{
-	const qse_mchar_t* ptr;
-	qse_size_t left;
-};
-
-static int httpd_init_sendfile (
-	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
-{
-	httpd_task_sendfile_t* xtn = qse_httpd_gettaskxtn (httpd, task);
-	memcpy (xtn, task->ctx, QSE_SIZEOF(*xtn));
-	task->ctx = xtn;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void httpd_fini_sendfile (
-	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
-{
-	httpd_task_sendfile_t* ctx = (httpd_task_sendfile_t*)task->ctx;
-	close (ctx->fd);
-}
-
-static int httpd_main_sendfile (
-	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, qse_httpd_task_t* task)
-{
-	ssize_t n;
-	size_t count;
-	httpd_task_sendfile_t* ctx = (httpd_task_sendfile_t*)task->ctx;
-
-	count = MAX_SENDFILE_SIZE;
-	if (count >= ctx->left) count = ctx->left;
-
-	n = sendfile (
-	/*	TODO: client->fd, */ *(int*)client,
-		ctx->fd,
-		&ctx->offset,
-		count
-	);
-
-	if (n <= -1) return -1;
-
-	ctx->left -= n;
-	if (ctx->left <= 0) return 0;
-
-	return 1; /* more work to do */
-}
-
-static int entask_sendfile (
-	qse_httpd_t* httpd, qse_httpd_client_t* client, int fd, qse_foff_t size)
-{
-	qse_httpd_task_t task;
-	httpd_task_sendfile_t data;
-	
-	memset (&data, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(data));
-	data.fd = fd;
-	data.left = size;
-
-	memset (&task, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(task));
-	task.init = httpd_init_sendfile;
-	task.main = httpd_main_sendfile;
-	task.fini = httpd_fini_sendfile;
-	task.ctx = &data;
-
-	return qse_httpd_entask (httpd, client, &task, QSE_SIZEOF(data));
-}
-
-
 static qse_htb_walk_t walk (qse_htb_t* htb, qse_htb_pair_t* pair, void* ctx)
 {
 qse_printf (QSE_T("HEADER OK %d[%S] %d[%S]\n"),  (int)QSE_HTB_KLEN(pair), QSE_HTB_KPTR(pair), (int)QSE_HTB_VLEN(pair), QSE_HTB_VPTR(pair));
@@ -177,7 +101,7 @@ snprintf (text, sizeof(text),
 				);
 				if (n <= -1) return -1;
 
-				if (entask_sendfile (httpd, client, fd, st.st_size) <= -1) return -1;
+				if (qse_httpd_entasksendfile (httpd, client, fd, 0, st.st_size) <= -1) return -1;
 			}
 
 		}