diff --git a/qse/bld/msdos-watcom/makefile b/qse/bld/msdos-watcom/makefile
index 744013cd..1f7a3d1a 100644
--- a/qse/bld/msdos-watcom/makefile
+++ b/qse/bld/msdos-watcom/makefile
@@ -245,6 +245,8 @@ LIBQSECMN_OBJECTS =  &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-static$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_opt.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-static$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_base.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-static$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_canon.obj &
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-static$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_core.obj &
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-static$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_merge.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-static$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_pio.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-static$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_pma.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-static$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_rbt.obj &
@@ -634,6 +636,12 @@ $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-static$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_b
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-static$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_canon.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\path-canon.c
 	$(CC) -bt=dos -zq -fo=$^@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
 
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-static$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_core.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\path-core.c
+	$(CC) -bt=dos -zq -fo=$^@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
+
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-static$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_merge.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\path-merge.c
+	$(CC) -bt=dos -zq -fo=$^@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
+
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-static$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_pio.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\pio.c
 	$(CC) -bt=dos -zq -fo=$^@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
 
diff --git a/qse/bld/os2-watcom/makefile b/qse/bld/os2-watcom/makefile
index dbd82117..f5e34d70 100644
--- a/qse/bld/os2-watcom/makefile
+++ b/qse/bld/os2-watcom/makefile
@@ -363,6 +363,8 @@ DLLQSECMN_OBJECTS =  &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_opt.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_base.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_canon.obj &
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_core.obj &
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_merge.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_pio.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_pma.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_rbt.obj &
@@ -460,6 +462,8 @@ LIBQSECMN_OBJECTS =  &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_opt.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_base.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_canon.obj &
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_core.obj &
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_merge.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_pio.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_pma.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_rbt.obj &
@@ -1168,6 +1172,12 @@ $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllq
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_canon.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\path-canon.c
 	$(CC) -bt=os2 -zq -fo=$^@ $(DLLQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
 
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_core.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\path-core.c
+	$(CC) -bt=os2 -zq -fo=$^@ $(DLLQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
+
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_merge.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\path-merge.c
+	$(CC) -bt=os2 -zq -fo=$^@ $(DLLQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
+
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_pio.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\pio.c
 	$(CC) -bt=os2 -zq -fo=$^@ $(DLLQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
 
@@ -1450,6 +1460,12 @@ $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libq
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_canon.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\path-canon.c
 	$(CC) -bt=os2 -zq -fo=$^@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
 
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_core.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\path-core.c
+	$(CC) -bt=os2 -zq -fo=$^@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
+
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_merge.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\path-merge.c
+	$(CC) -bt=os2 -zq -fo=$^@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
+
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_pio.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\pio.c
 	$(CC) -bt=os2 -zq -fo=$^@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
 
diff --git a/qse/bld/qse.bkl b/qse/bld/qse.bkl
index 9a387180..54833b31 100644
--- a/qse/bld/qse.bkl
+++ b/qse/bld/qse.bkl
@@ -195,6 +195,8 @@
 		opt.c 
 		path-base.c 
 		path-canon.c 
+		path-core.c 
+		path-merge.c 
 		pio.c 
 		pma.c 
 		rbt.c 
diff --git a/qse/bld/win32-borland/makefile b/qse/bld/win32-borland/makefile
index 2d21ad3c..339ce8dc 100644
--- a/qse/bld/win32-borland/makefile
+++ b/qse/bld/win32-borland/makefile
@@ -131,6 +131,8 @@ DLLQSECMN_OBJECTS =  \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_opt.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_base.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_canon.obj \
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_core.obj \
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_merge.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_pio.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_pma.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_rbt.obj \
@@ -229,6 +231,8 @@ LIBQSECMN_OBJECTS =  \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_opt.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_base.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_canon.obj \
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_core.obj \
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_merge.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_pio.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_pma.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_rbt.obj \
@@ -1116,6 +1120,12 @@ $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllq
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_canon.obj: ..\..\lib\cmn\path-canon.c
 	$(CC) -q -c -P- -o$@ $(DLLQSECMN_CFLAGS) ..\..\lib\cmn\path-canon.c
 
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_core.obj: ..\..\lib\cmn\path-core.c
+	$(CC) -q -c -P- -o$@ $(DLLQSECMN_CFLAGS) ..\..\lib\cmn\path-core.c
+
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_merge.obj: ..\..\lib\cmn\path-merge.c
+	$(CC) -q -c -P- -o$@ $(DLLQSECMN_CFLAGS) ..\..\lib\cmn\path-merge.c
+
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_pio.obj: ..\..\lib\cmn\pio.c
 	$(CC) -q -c -P- -o$@ $(DLLQSECMN_CFLAGS) ..\..\lib\cmn\pio.c
 
@@ -1398,6 +1408,12 @@ $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libq
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_canon.obj: ..\..\lib\cmn\path-canon.c
 	$(CC) -q -c -P- -o$@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) ..\..\lib\cmn\path-canon.c
 
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_core.obj: ..\..\lib\cmn\path-core.c
+	$(CC) -q -c -P- -o$@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) ..\..\lib\cmn\path-core.c
+
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_merge.obj: ..\..\lib\cmn\path-merge.c
+	$(CC) -q -c -P- -o$@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) ..\..\lib\cmn\path-merge.c
+
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_pio.obj: ..\..\lib\cmn\pio.c
 	$(CC) -q -c -P- -o$@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) ..\..\lib\cmn\pio.c
 
diff --git a/qse/bld/win32-msvc/makefile b/qse/bld/win32-msvc/makefile
index 21755e32..5356114d 100644
--- a/qse/bld/win32-msvc/makefile
+++ b/qse/bld/win32-msvc/makefile
@@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ DLLQSECMN_OBJECTS =  \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_opt.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_base.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_canon.obj \
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_core.obj \
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_merge.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_pio.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_pma.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_rbt.obj \
@@ -200,6 +202,8 @@ LIBQSECMN_OBJECTS =  \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_opt.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_base.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_canon.obj \
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_core.obj \
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_merge.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_pio.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_pma.obj \
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_rbt.obj \
@@ -1195,6 +1199,12 @@ $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllq
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_canon.obj: ..\..\lib\cmn\path-canon.c
 	$(CC) /c /nologo /TC /Fo$@ $(DLLQSECMN_CFLAGS) ..\..\lib\cmn\path-canon.c
 
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_core.obj: ..\..\lib\cmn\path-core.c
+	$(CC) /c /nologo /TC /Fo$@ $(DLLQSECMN_CFLAGS) ..\..\lib\cmn\path-core.c
+
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_merge.obj: ..\..\lib\cmn\path-merge.c
+	$(CC) /c /nologo /TC /Fo$@ $(DLLQSECMN_CFLAGS) ..\..\lib\cmn\path-merge.c
+
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_pio.obj: ..\..\lib\cmn\pio.c
 	$(CC) /c /nologo /TC /Fo$@ $(DLLQSECMN_CFLAGS) ..\..\lib\cmn\pio.c
 
@@ -1477,6 +1487,12 @@ $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libq
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_canon.obj: ..\..\lib\cmn\path-canon.c
 	$(CC) /c /nologo /TC /Fo$@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) ..\..\lib\cmn\path-canon.c
 
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_core.obj: ..\..\lib\cmn\path-core.c
+	$(CC) /c /nologo /TC /Fo$@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) ..\..\lib\cmn\path-core.c
+
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_merge.obj: ..\..\lib\cmn\path-merge.c
+	$(CC) /c /nologo /TC /Fo$@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) ..\..\lib\cmn\path-merge.c
+
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_pio.obj: ..\..\lib\cmn\pio.c
 	$(CC) /c /nologo /TC /Fo$@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) ..\..\lib\cmn\pio.c
 
diff --git a/qse/bld/win32-watcom/makefile b/qse/bld/win32-watcom/makefile
index b0e472c8..110d64b2 100644
--- a/qse/bld/win32-watcom/makefile
+++ b/qse/bld/win32-watcom/makefile
@@ -352,6 +352,8 @@ DLLQSECMN_OBJECTS =  &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_opt.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_base.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_canon.obj &
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_core.obj &
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_merge.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_pio.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_pma.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_rbt.obj &
@@ -449,6 +451,8 @@ LIBQSECMN_OBJECTS =  &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_opt.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_base.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_canon.obj &
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_core.obj &
+	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_merge.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_pio.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_pma.obj &
 	$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_rbt.obj &
@@ -1157,6 +1161,12 @@ $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllq
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_canon.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\path-canon.c
 	$(CC) -bt=nt -zq -fo=$^@ $(DLLQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
 
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_core.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\path-core.c
+	$(CC) -bt=nt -zq -fo=$^@ $(DLLQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
+
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_path_merge.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\path-merge.c
+	$(CC) -bt=nt -zq -fo=$^@ $(DLLQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
+
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\dllqsecmn_pio.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\pio.c
 	$(CC) -bt=nt -zq -fo=$^@ $(DLLQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
 
@@ -1439,6 +1449,12 @@ $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libq
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_canon.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\path-canon.c
 	$(CC) -bt=nt -zq -fo=$^@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
 
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_core.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\path-core.c
+	$(CC) -bt=nt -zq -fo=$^@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
+
+$(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_path_merge.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\path-merge.c
+	$(CC) -bt=nt -zq -fo=$^@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
+
 $(BUILDDIR_BUILD)-$(BUILDDIR_CHAR)-$(BUILDDIR_SHARED)$(BUILDDIR_TCPV40HDRS)\libqsecmn_pio.obj :  .AUTODEPEND ..\..\lib\cmn\pio.c
 	$(CC) -bt=nt -zq -fo=$^@ $(LIBQSECMN_CFLAGS) $<
 
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/cmn/fs.h b/qse/include/qse/cmn/fs.h
index 6cd1ea33..8e12dea5 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/cmn/fs.h
+++ b/qse/include/qse/cmn/fs.h
@@ -199,14 +199,15 @@ typedef enum qse_fs_opt_t qse_fs_opt_t;
 enum qse_fs_cpfile_flag_t
 {
 	QSE_FS_CPFILE_PRESERVE = (1 << 0),
-	QSE_FS_CPFILE_REPLACE = (1 << 1),
-	QSE_FS_CPFILE_SYMLINK = (1 << 2),
+	QSE_FS_CPFILE_REPLACE  = (1 << 1),
+	QSE_FS_CPFILE_SYMLINK  = (1 << 2),
+	QSE_FS_CPFILE_NOTGTDIR = (1 << 3), /* no target directory */
 
-	QSE_FS_CPFILE_ALL = (QSE_FS_CPFILE_PRESERVE | QSE_FS_CPFILE_REPLACE | QSE_FS_CPFILE_SYMLINK)
+	QSE_FS_CPFILE_ALL = (QSE_FS_CPFILE_PRESERVE | QSE_FS_CPFILE_REPLACE |
+	                     QSE_FS_CPFILE_SYMLINK | QSE_FS_CPFILE_NOTGTDIR)
 };
 typedef enum qse_fs_cpfile_flag_t qse_fs_cpfile_flag_t;
 
-
 enum qse_fs_mkdir_flag_t
 {
 	QSE_FS_MKDIR_PARENT = (1 << 0),
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/cmn/path.h b/qse/include/qse/cmn/path.h
index 09b2ebc3..c675b0ac 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/cmn/path.h
+++ b/qse/include/qse/cmn/path.h
@@ -34,17 +34,6 @@
 #include <qse/types.h>
 #include <qse/macros.h>
 
-/**
- * The qse_basename() macro returns the pointer to the file name 
- * segment in a path name. It maps to qse_mbsbasename() if #QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR
- * is defined; it maps to qse_wcsbasename() if #QSE_CHAR_IS_WCHAR is defined.
- */
-#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
-#	define	qse_basename(path) qse_mbsbasename(path)
-#else
-#	define	qse_basename(path) qse_wcsbasename(path)
-#endif
-
 enum qse_canonpath_flag_t
 {
 	/** if the final output is . logically, return an empty path */
@@ -57,35 +46,50 @@ enum qse_canonpath_flag_t
 
 
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
-#	define QSE_ISPATHSEP(c) ((c) == QSE_T('/') || (c) == QSE_T('\\'))
+
 #	define QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(c) ((c) == QSE_MT('/') || (c) == QSE_MT('\\'))
 #	define QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(c) ((c) == QSE_WT('/') || (c) == QSE_WT('\\'))
+
+#	define QSE_ISPATHMBDRIVE(s) \
+	(((s[0] >= QSE_MT('A') && s[0] <= QSE_MT('Z')) || \
+	  (s[0] >= QSE_MT('a') && s[0] <= QSE_MT('z'))) && \
+	 s[1] == QSE_MT(':'))
+#	define QSE_ISPATHWCDRIVE(s) \
+	(((s[0] >= QSE_WT('A') && s[0] <= QSE_WT('Z')) || \
+	  (s[0] >= QSE_WT('a') && s[0] <= QSE_WT('z'))) && \
+	 s[1] == QSE_WT(':'))
+
 #else
-#	define QSE_ISPATHSEP(c) ((c) == QSE_T('/'))
 #	define QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(c) ((c) == QSE_MT('/'))
 #	define QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(c) ((c) == QSE_WT('/'))
+
+	/* QSE_ISPATHMBDRIVE() and QSE_ISPATHWCDRIVE() are not defined for this platform */
+#endif
+
+#define QSE_ISPATHMBSEPORNIL(c) (QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(c) || (c) == QSE_MT('\0'))
+#define QSE_ISPATHWCSEPORNIL(c) (QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(c) || (c) == QSE_WT('\0'))
+
+#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
+#	define QSE_ISPATHSEP(c)      QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(c)
+#	define QSE_ISPATHSEPORNIL(c) QSE_ISPATHMBSEPORNIL(c)
+
+#	if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
+#		define QSE_ISPATHDRIVE(s) QSE_ISPATHMBDRIVE(s)
+#	endif
+
+#else
+#	define QSE_ISPATHSEP(c)      QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(c)
+#	define QSE_ISPATHSEPORNIL(c) QSE_ISPATHWCSEPORNIL(c)
+
+#	if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
+#		define QSE_ISPATHDRIVE(s) QSE_ISPATHWCDRIVE(s)
+#	endif
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__cplusplus)
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-/**
- * The qse_mbsbasename() function returns the pointer to the file name 
- * segment in a multibyte path name.
- */
-QSE_EXPORT const qse_mchar_t* qse_mbsbasename (
-	const qse_mchar_t* path
-);
-
-/**
- * The qse_wcsbasename() function returns the pointer to the file name 
- * segment in a wide-character path name.
- */
-QSE_EXPORT const qse_wchar_t* qse_wcsbasename (
-	const qse_wchar_t* path
-);
-
 /**
  * The qse_ismbsabspath() function determines if a path name is absolute.
  * A path name beginning with a segment separator is absolute.
@@ -122,10 +126,18 @@ QSE_EXPORT int qse_ismbsdrivecurpath (
 );
 
 /**
- * The qse_getmbspathroot() function returns the core part of \a path 
+ * The qse_mbsbasename() function returns the pointer to the file name 
+ * segment in a multibyte path name.
+ */
+QSE_EXPORT const qse_mchar_t* qse_mbsbasename (
+	const qse_mchar_t* path
+);
+
+/**
+ * The qse_mbspathroot() function returns the core part of \a path 
  * excluding a special prefix.
  */
-QSE_EXPORT qse_mchar_t* qse_getmbspathcore (
+QSE_EXPORT qse_mchar_t* qse_mbspathcore (
 	const qse_mchar_t* path
 );
 
@@ -168,6 +180,14 @@ QSE_EXPORT qse_size_t qse_canonmbspath (
 	int                flags
 );
 
+QSE_EXPORT qse_mchar_t* qse_mergembspathdup (
+	const qse_mchar_t* dir,
+	const qse_mchar_t* file,
+	qse_mmgr_t*        mmgr
+);
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
 /**
  * The qse_iswcsabspath() function determines if a path name is absolute.
  * A path name beginning with a segment separator is absolute.
@@ -204,10 +224,18 @@ QSE_EXPORT int qse_iswcsdrivecurpath (
 );
 
 /**
- * The qse_getwcspathroot() function returns the core part of \a path 
+ * The qse_wcsbasename() function returns the pointer to the file name 
+ * segment in a wide-character path name.
+ */
+QSE_EXPORT const qse_wchar_t* qse_wcsbasename (
+	const qse_wchar_t* path
+);
+
+/**
+ * The qse_wcspathroot() function returns the core part of \a path 
  * excluding a special prefix.
  */
-QSE_EXPORT qse_wchar_t* qse_getwcspathcore (
+QSE_EXPORT qse_wchar_t* qse_wcspathcore (
 	const qse_wchar_t* path
 );
 
@@ -250,20 +278,32 @@ QSE_EXPORT qse_size_t qse_canonwcspath (
 	int                flags
 );
 
+
+QSE_EXPORT qse_wchar_t* qse_mergewcspathdup (
+	const qse_wchar_t* dir,
+	const qse_wchar_t* file,
+	qse_mmgr_t*        mmgr
+);
+
+
 #if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
-#	define qse_isabspath(p)      qse_ismbsabspath(p)
-#	define qse_isdrivepath(p)    qse_ismbsdrivepath(p)
-#	define qse_isdriveabspath(p) qse_ismbsdriveabspath(p)
-#	define qse_isdrivecurpath(p) qse_ismbsdrivecurpath(p)
-#	define qse_getpathcore(p)    qse_getmbspathcore(p)
-#	define qse_canonpath(p,c,f)  qse_canonmbspath(p,c,f)
+#	define qse_isabspath(p)        qse_ismbsabspath(p)
+#	define qse_isdrivepath(p)      qse_ismbsdrivepath(p)
+#	define qse_isdriveabspath(p)   qse_ismbsdriveabspath(p)
+#	define qse_isdrivecurpath(p)   qse_ismbsdrivecurpath(p)
+#	define qse_basename(path)      qse_mbsbasename(path)
+#	define qse_pathcore(p)         qse_mbspathcore(p)
+#	define qse_canonpath(p,c,f)    qse_canonmbspath(p,c,f)
+#	define qse_mergepathdup(d,f,m) qse_mergembspathdup(d,f,m)
 #else
-#	define qse_isabspath(p)      qse_iswcsabspath(p)
-#	define qse_isdrivepath(p)    qse_iswcsdrivepath(p)
-#	define qse_isdriveabspath(p) qse_iswcsdriveabspath(p)
-#	define qse_isdrivecurpath(p) qse_iswcsdrivecurpath(p)
-#	define qse_getpathcore(p)    qse_getwcspathcore(p)
-#	define qse_canonpath(p,c,f)  qse_canonwcspath(p,c,f)
+#	define qse_isabspath(p)        qse_iswcsabspath(p)
+#	define qse_isdrivepath(p)      qse_iswcsdrivepath(p)
+#	define qse_isdriveabspath(p)   qse_iswcsdriveabspath(p)
+#	define qse_isdrivecurpath(p)   qse_iswcsdrivecurpath(p)
+#	define qse_basename(path)      qse_wcsbasename(path)
+#	define qse_pathcore(p)         qse_getpathcore(p)
+#	define qse_canonpath(p,c,f)    qse_canonwcspath(p,c,f)
+#	define qse_mergepathdup(d,f,m) qse_mergewcspathdup(d,f,m)
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__cplusplus)
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/Makefile.am b/qse/lib/cmn/Makefile.am
index e9e30e78..4e6ffd61 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/Makefile.am
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/Makefile.am
@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ libqsecmn_la_SOURCES = \
 	opt.c \
 	path-base.c \
 	path-canon.c \
+	path-core.c \
+	path-merge.c \
 	pio.c \
 	pma.c \
 	rbt.c \
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/Makefile.in b/qse/lib/cmn/Makefile.in
index 0a27319b..06c8a705 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/Makefile.in
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/Makefile.in
@@ -110,16 +110,16 @@ am__libqsecmn_la_SOURCES_DIST = alg-base64.c alg-rand.c alg-search.c \
 	fma.c fmt-intmax.c fmt-out.c fs.c fs-delete.c fs-err.c \
 	fs-make.c fs-move.c glob.c hton.c ipad.c lda.c main.c mb8.c \
 	mbwc.c mbwc-str.c mem.c mux.c nwad.c nwad-skad.c nwif.c \
-	nwif-cfg.c nwio.c oht.c opt.c path-base.c path-canon.c pio.c \
-	pma.c rbt.c rex.c sck.c sio.c sll.c slmb.c str-beg.c str-cat.c \
-	str-chr.c str-cnv.c str-cmp.c str-cpy.c str-del.c str-dup.c \
-	str-dyn.c str-end.c str-excl.c str-fcpy.c str-fmt.c \
-	str-fnmat.c str-incl.c str-join.c str-len.c str-pac.c \
-	str-pbrk.c str-put.c str-rev.c str-rot.c str-set.c str-spl.c \
-	str-spn.c str-str.c str-subst.c str-tok.c str-trm.c str-word.c \
-	task.c time.c tio.c tmr.c tre.c tre-ast.c tre-compile.c \
-	tre-match-bt.c tre-match-pa.c tre-parse.c tre-stack.c uri.c \
-	utf8.c xma.c uni.c cp949.c cp950.c
+	nwif-cfg.c nwio.c oht.c opt.c path-base.c path-canon.c \
+	path-core.c path-merge.c pio.c pma.c rbt.c rex.c sck.c sio.c \
+	sll.c slmb.c str-beg.c str-cat.c str-chr.c str-cnv.c str-cmp.c \
+	str-cpy.c str-del.c str-dup.c str-dyn.c str-end.c str-excl.c \
+	str-fcpy.c str-fmt.c str-fnmat.c str-incl.c str-join.c \
+	str-len.c str-pac.c str-pbrk.c str-put.c str-rev.c str-rot.c \
+	str-set.c str-spl.c str-spn.c str-str.c str-subst.c str-tok.c \
+	str-trm.c str-word.c task.c time.c tio.c tmr.c tre.c tre-ast.c \
+	tre-compile.c tre-match-bt.c tre-match-pa.c tre-parse.c \
+	tre-stack.c uri.c utf8.c xma.c uni.c cp949.c cp950.c
 @ENABLE_BUNDLED_UNICODE_TRUE@am__objects_1 = uni.lo
 @ENABLE_XCMGRS_TRUE@am__objects_2 = cp949.lo cp950.lo
 am_libqsecmn_la_OBJECTS = alg-base64.lo alg-rand.lo alg-search.lo \
@@ -128,17 +128,17 @@ am_libqsecmn_la_OBJECTS = alg-base64.lo alg-rand.lo alg-search.lo \
 	fs-delete.lo fs-err.lo fs-make.lo fs-move.lo glob.lo hton.lo \
 	ipad.lo lda.lo main.lo mb8.lo mbwc.lo mbwc-str.lo mem.lo \
 	mux.lo nwad.lo nwad-skad.lo nwif.lo nwif-cfg.lo nwio.lo oht.lo \
-	opt.lo path-base.lo path-canon.lo pio.lo pma.lo rbt.lo rex.lo \
-	sck.lo sio.lo sll.lo slmb.lo str-beg.lo str-cat.lo str-chr.lo \
-	str-cnv.lo str-cmp.lo str-cpy.lo str-del.lo str-dup.lo \
-	str-dyn.lo str-end.lo str-excl.lo str-fcpy.lo str-fmt.lo \
-	str-fnmat.lo str-incl.lo str-join.lo str-len.lo str-pac.lo \
-	str-pbrk.lo str-put.lo str-rev.lo str-rot.lo str-set.lo \
-	str-spl.lo str-spn.lo str-str.lo str-subst.lo str-tok.lo \
-	str-trm.lo str-word.lo task.lo time.lo tio.lo tmr.lo tre.lo \
-	tre-ast.lo tre-compile.lo tre-match-bt.lo tre-match-pa.lo \
-	tre-parse.lo tre-stack.lo uri.lo utf8.lo xma.lo \
-	$(am__objects_1) $(am__objects_2)
+	opt.lo path-base.lo path-canon.lo path-core.lo path-merge.lo \
+	pio.lo pma.lo rbt.lo rex.lo sck.lo sio.lo sll.lo slmb.lo \
+	str-beg.lo str-cat.lo str-chr.lo str-cnv.lo str-cmp.lo \
+	str-cpy.lo str-del.lo str-dup.lo str-dyn.lo str-end.lo \
+	str-excl.lo str-fcpy.lo str-fmt.lo str-fnmat.lo str-incl.lo \
+	str-join.lo str-len.lo str-pac.lo str-pbrk.lo str-put.lo \
+	str-rev.lo str-rot.lo str-set.lo str-spl.lo str-spn.lo \
+	str-str.lo str-subst.lo str-tok.lo str-trm.lo str-word.lo \
+	task.lo time.lo tio.lo tmr.lo tre.lo tre-ast.lo tre-compile.lo \
+	tre-match-bt.lo tre-match-pa.lo tre-parse.lo tre-stack.lo \
+	uri.lo utf8.lo xma.lo $(am__objects_1) $(am__objects_2)
 libqsecmn_la_OBJECTS = $(am_libqsecmn_la_OBJECTS)
 AM_V_lt = $(am__v_lt_@AM_V@)
 am__v_lt_ = $(am__v_lt_@AM_DEFAULT_V@)
@@ -417,16 +417,16 @@ libqsecmn_la_SOURCES = alg-base64.c alg-rand.c alg-search.c alg-sort.c \
 	fmt-intmax.c fmt-out.c fs.c fs-delete.c fs-err.c fs-make.c \
 	fs-move.c glob.c hton.c ipad.c lda.c main.c mb8.c mbwc.c \
 	mbwc-str.c mem.c mux.c nwad.c nwad-skad.c nwif.c nwif-cfg.c \
-	nwio.c oht.c opt.c path-base.c path-canon.c pio.c pma.c rbt.c \
-	rex.c sck.c sio.c sll.c slmb.c str-beg.c str-cat.c str-chr.c \
-	str-cnv.c str-cmp.c str-cpy.c str-del.c str-dup.c str-dyn.c \
-	str-end.c str-excl.c str-fcpy.c str-fmt.c str-fnmat.c \
-	str-incl.c str-join.c str-len.c str-pac.c str-pbrk.c str-put.c \
-	str-rev.c str-rot.c str-set.c str-spl.c str-spn.c str-str.c \
-	str-subst.c str-tok.c str-trm.c str-word.c task.c time.c tio.c \
-	tmr.c tre.c tre-ast.c tre-compile.c tre-match-bt.c \
-	tre-match-pa.c tre-parse.c tre-stack.c uri.c utf8.c xma.c \
-	$(am__append_1) $(am__append_2)
+	nwio.c oht.c opt.c path-base.c path-canon.c path-core.c \
+	path-merge.c pio.c pma.c rbt.c rex.c sck.c sio.c sll.c slmb.c \
+	str-beg.c str-cat.c str-chr.c str-cnv.c str-cmp.c str-cpy.c \
+	str-del.c str-dup.c str-dyn.c str-end.c str-excl.c str-fcpy.c \
+	str-fmt.c str-fnmat.c str-incl.c str-join.c str-len.c \
+	str-pac.c str-pbrk.c str-put.c str-rev.c str-rot.c str-set.c \
+	str-spl.c str-spn.c str-str.c str-subst.c str-tok.c str-trm.c \
+	str-word.c task.c time.c tio.c tmr.c tre.c tre-ast.c \
+	tre-compile.c tre-match-bt.c tre-match-pa.c tre-parse.c \
+	tre-stack.c uri.c utf8.c xma.c $(am__append_1) $(am__append_2)
 libqsecmn_la_LDFLAGS = -version-info 1:0:0 -no-undefined
 libqsecmn_la_LIBADD = $(SOCKET_LIBS) $(QUADMATH_LIBS)
 @ENABLE_CXX_TRUE@libqsecmnxx_la_SOURCES = \
@@ -554,6 +554,8 @@ distclean-compile:
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/opt.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/path-base.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/path-canon.Plo@am__quote@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/path-core.Plo@am__quote@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/path-merge.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/pio.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/pma.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/rbt.Plo@am__quote@
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/fs-move.c b/qse/lib/cmn/fs-move.c
index 46b3286a..cdce5c07 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/fs-move.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/fs-move.c
@@ -75,7 +75,10 @@ typedef struct fop_t fop_t;
 
 
 /* internal flags. it must not overlap with qse_fs_cpfile_flag_t enumerators */
-#define CPFILE_DST_ATTR (1 << 30)
+#define CPFILE_DST_ATTR (1 << 27)
+#define CPFILE_DST_PATH_DUP (1 << 28)
+#define CPFILE_DST_FSPATH_DUP (1 << 29)
+#define CPFILE_DST_FSPATH_MERGED (1 << 30)
 
 struct cpfile_t
 {
@@ -479,15 +482,60 @@ static int move_file_in_fs (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_fs_char_t* oldpath, const qs
 #endif
 }
 
+static int merge_dstdir_and_file (qse_fs_t* fs, cpfile_t* cpfile)
+{
+	qse_fs_char_t* fstmp;
+
+	/* if the destination is directory, copy the base name of the source
+	 * and append it to the end of the destination, targetting at an entry
+	 * in the directory */
+	QSE_ASSERT (cpfile->dst_attr.isdir);
+
+	if (cpfile->dst_path)
+	{
+		qse_char_t* tmp;
+
+		tmp = qse_mergepathdup (cpfile->dst_path, qse_basename (cpfile->src_path), fs->mmgr);
+		if (!tmp) 
+		{
+			fs->errnum = QSE_FS_ENOMEM;
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		if (cpfile->flags & CPFILE_DST_PATH_DUP) 
+			QSE_MMGR_FREE (fs->mmgr, cpfile->dst_path);
+
+		cpfile->dst_path = tmp;
+		cpfile->flags |= CPFILE_DST_PATH_DUP;
+	}
 
 
+	fstmp = merge_fspath_dup (cpfile->dst_fspath, get_fspath_base (cpfile->src_fspath), fs->mmgr);
+	if (!fstmp)
+	{
+		fs->errnum = QSE_FS_ENOMEM;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (cpfile->flags & CPFILE_DST_FSPATH_DUP) 
+		QSE_MMGR_FREE (fs->mmgr, cpfile->dst_fspath);
+	cpfile->dst_fspath = fstmp;
+	cpfile->flags |= CPFILE_DST_FSPATH_DUP;
+
+	if (qse_fs_getattr (fs, cpfile->dst_fspath, &cpfile->dst_attr) >= 0) 
+	{
+		cpfile->flags |= CPFILE_DST_ATTR;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		cpfile->flags &= ~CPFILE_DST_ATTR;
+	}
+
+	cpfile->flags |= CPFILE_DST_FSPATH_MERGED;
 
 
-
-
-
-
-
+	return 0;
+}
 
 
 
@@ -699,8 +747,7 @@ static int copy_file (qse_fs_t* fs, cpfile_t* cpfile)
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		/* TODO: check if it's itself */
-
+	copy_file:
 		if (cpfile->flags & CPFILE_DST_ATTR) 
 		{
 			if (cpfile->src_attr.ino == cpfile->dst_attr.ino && 
@@ -711,11 +758,22 @@ static int copy_file (qse_fs_t* fs, cpfile_t* cpfile)
 				return -1;
 			}
 
-			if (cpfile->dst_attr.isdir)
+			if (!(cpfile->flags & QSE_FS_CPFILE_NOTGTDIR) && 
+			    cpfile->dst_attr.isdir)
 			{
-				/* copy it to directory */
-				//return copy_file_into_dir (fs, cpfile);
-				
+				if (cpfile->flags & CPFILE_DST_FSPATH_MERGED)
+				{
+					/* merge_dstdir_and_file() has been called already.
+					 * no more getting into a subdirectory */
+					fs->errnum = QSE_FS_EISDIR;
+					return -1;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					/* arrange to copy a file into a directory */
+					if (merge_dstdir_and_file (fs, cpfile) <= -1) return -1;
+					goto copy_file;
+				}
 			}
 
 			if (!(cpfile->flags & QSE_FS_CPFILE_REPLACE))
@@ -731,7 +789,6 @@ static int copy_file (qse_fs_t* fs, cpfile_t* cpfile)
 			return copy_file_in_fs (fs, cpfile);
 		}
 
-
 		/* source is a directory. is a recursive copy allowed? */
 		fs->errnum = QSE_FS_ENOIMPL;
 		return -1;
@@ -750,6 +807,7 @@ int qse_fs_cpfilembs (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_mchar_t* srcpath, const qse_mchar_
 	cpfile.src_fspath = (qse_fs_char_t*)qse_fs_makefspathformbs (fs, srcpath);
 	cpfile.dst_fspath = (qse_fs_char_t*)qse_fs_makefspathformbs (fs, dstpath);
 	if (!cpfile.src_fspath || !cpfile.dst_fspath) goto oops;
+	if (cpfile.dst_fspath != dstpath) cpfile.flags |= CPFILE_DST_FSPATH_DUP;
 
 	if (qse_fs_getattr (fs, cpfile.src_fspath, &cpfile.src_attr) <= -1) goto oops;
 	if (qse_fs_getattr (fs, cpfile.dst_fspath, &cpfile.dst_attr) >= 0) cpfile.flags |= CPFILE_DST_ATTR;
@@ -778,6 +836,7 @@ int qse_fs_cpfilewcs (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_wchar_t* srcpath, const qse_wchar_
 	cpfile.src_fspath = (qse_fs_char_t*)qse_fs_makefspathforwcs (fs, srcpath);
 	cpfile.dst_fspath = (qse_fs_char_t*)qse_fs_makefspathforwcs (fs, dstpath);
 	if (!cpfile.src_fspath || !cpfile.dst_fspath) goto oops;
+	if (cpfile.dst_fspath != dstpath) cpfile.flags |= CPFILE_DST_FSPATH_DUP;
 
 	if (qse_fs_getattr (fs, cpfile.src_fspath, &cpfile.src_attr) <= -1) goto oops;
 	if (qse_fs_getattr (fs, cpfile.dst_fspath, &cpfile.dst_attr) >= 0) cpfile.flags |= CPFILE_DST_ATTR;
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/fs.h b/qse/lib/cmn/fs.h
index 4a23b89e..1910b64b 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/fs.h
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/fs.h
@@ -75,12 +75,16 @@
 
 #if defined(QSE_FS_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
 #	define canon_fspath(path,canon,flags) qse_canonmbspath(path,canon,flags)
-#	define get_fspath_core(fspath) qse_getmbspathcore(fspath)
+#	define merge_fspath_dup(dir,file,mmgr) qse_mergembspathdup(dir,file,mmgr)
+#	define get_fspath_core(fspath) qse_mbspathcore(fspath)
+#	define get_fspath_base(fspath) qse_mbsbasename(fspath)
 #	define IS_FSPATHSEP(x) QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(x)
 #	define QSE_FS_T(x) QSE_MT(x)
 #else
 #	define canon_fspath(fspath,canon,flags) qse_canonwcspath(fspath,canon,flags)
-#	define get_fspath_core(fspath) qse_getwcspathcore(fspath)
+#	define merge_fspath_dup(dir,file,mmgr) qse_mergewcspathdup(dir,file,mmgr)
+#	define get_fspath_core(fspath) qse_wcspathcore(fspath)
+#	define get_fspath_base(fspath) qse_wcsbasename(fspath)
 #	define IS_FSPATHSEP(x) QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(x)
 #	define QSE_FS_T(x) QSE_WT(x)
 #endif
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/path-canon.c b/qse/lib/cmn/path-canon.c
index 0ccacfaa..e057b93c 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/path-canon.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/path-canon.c
@@ -34,24 +34,13 @@
 /*  MBS IMPLEMENTATION                                                */
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
 
-#define IS_MSEP(c) QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(c)
-
-#define IS_MNIL(c) ((c) == QSE_MT('\0'))
-#define IS_MSEP_OR_MNIL(c) (IS_MSEP(c) || IS_MNIL(c))
-
-#define IS_MDRIVE(s) \
-	(((s[0] >= QSE_MT('A') && s[0] <= QSE_MT('Z')) || \
-	  (s[0] >= QSE_MT('a') && s[0] <= QSE_MT('z'))) && \
-	 s[1] == QSE_MT(':'))
-
-
 int qse_ismbsabspath (const qse_mchar_t* path)
 {
-	if (IS_MSEP(path[0])) return 1;
+	if (QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(path[0])) return 1;
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
 	/* a drive like c:tmp is absolute in positioning the drive.
 	 * but the path within the drive is kind of relative */
-	if (IS_MDRIVE(path)) return 1;
+	if (QSE_ISPATHMBDRIVE(path)) return 1;
 #endif
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -59,7 +48,7 @@ int qse_ismbsabspath (const qse_mchar_t* path)
 int qse_ismbsdrivepath (const qse_mchar_t* path)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
-	if (IS_MDRIVE(path)) return 1;
+	if (QSE_ISPATHMBDRIVE(path)) return 1;
 #endif
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -67,7 +56,7 @@ int qse_ismbsdrivepath (const qse_mchar_t* path)
 int qse_ismbsdriveabspath (const qse_mchar_t* path)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
-	if (IS_MDRIVE(path) && IS_MSEP(path[2])) return 1;
+	if (QSE_ISPATHMBDRIVE(path) && QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(path[2])) return 1;
 #endif
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -75,29 +64,11 @@ int qse_ismbsdriveabspath (const qse_mchar_t* path)
 int qse_ismbsdrivecurpath (const qse_mchar_t* path)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
-	if (IS_MDRIVE(path) && path[2] == QSE_MT('\0')) return 1;
+	if (QSE_ISPATHMBDRIVE(path) && path[2] == QSE_MT('\0')) return 1;
 #endif
 	return 0;
 }
 
-qse_mchar_t* qse_getmbspathcore (const qse_mchar_t* path)
-{
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
-	if (IS_MDRIVE(path)) return (qse_mchar_t*)path + 2;
-	#if defined(_WIN32)
-	else if (IS_MSEP(*path) && IS_MSEP(*(path + 1)) && !IS_MSEP_OR_MNIL(*(path + 2)))
-	{
-		/* UNC Path */
-		path += 2;
-		do { path++; } while (!IS_MSEP_OR_MNIL(*path));
-		if (IS_MSEP(*path)) return (qse_mchar_t*)path;
-	}
-	#endif
-/* TOOD: \\server\XXX \\.\XXX \\?\XXX \\?\UNC\server\XXX */
-	
-#endif
-	return (qse_mchar_t*)path;
-}
 
 qse_size_t qse_canonmbspath (const qse_mchar_t* path, qse_mchar_t* canon, int flags)
 {
@@ -121,31 +92,31 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonmbspath (const qse_mchar_t* path, qse_mchar_t* canon, int fl
 	dst = canon;
 
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
-	if (IS_MDRIVE(ptr))
+	if (QSE_ISPATHMBDRIVE(ptr))
 	{
 		/* handle drive letter */
 		*dst++ = *ptr++; /* drive letter */
 		*dst++ = *ptr++; /* colon */
 
 		is_drive = 1;
-		if (IS_MSEP(*ptr)) 
+		if (QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(*ptr)) 
 		{
 			*dst++ = *ptr++; /* root directory */
 			has_root = 1;
 		}
 	}
-	else if (IS_MSEP(*ptr)) 
+	else if (QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(*ptr)) 
 	{
 		*dst++ = *ptr++; /* root directory */
 		has_root = 1;
 
 	#if defined(_WIN32)
 		/* handle UNC path for Windows */
-		if (IS_MSEP(*ptr)) 
+		if (QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(*ptr)) 
 		{
 			*dst++ = *ptr++;
 
-			if (IS_MSEP_OR_MNIL(*ptr))
+			if (QSE_ISPATHMBSEPORNIL(*ptr))
 			{
 				/* if there is another separator after \\,
 				 * it's not an UNC path. */
@@ -154,14 +125,14 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonmbspath (const qse_mchar_t* path, qse_mchar_t* canon, int fl
 			else
 			{
 				/* if it starts with \\, process host name */
-				do { *dst++ = *ptr++; } while (!IS_MSEP_OR_MNIL(*ptr));
-				if (IS_MSEP(*ptr)) *dst++ = *ptr++;
+				do { *dst++ = *ptr++; } while (!QSE_ISPATHMBSEPORNIL(*ptr));
+				if (QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(*ptr)) *dst++ = *ptr++;
 			}
 		}
 	#endif
 	}
 #else
-	if (IS_MSEP(*ptr)) 
+	if (QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(*ptr)) 
 	{
 		*dst++ = *ptr++; /* root directory */
 		has_root = 1;
@@ -178,14 +149,14 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonmbspath (const qse_mchar_t* path, qse_mchar_t* canon, int fl
 		qse_size_t seglen;
 
 		/* skip duplicate separators */
-		while (IS_MSEP(*ptr)) ptr++;
+		while (QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(*ptr)) ptr++;
 
 		/* end of path reached */
 		if (*ptr == QSE_MT('\0')) break;
 
 		/* find the next segment */
 		seg = ptr;
-		while (!IS_MSEP_OR_MNIL(*ptr)) ptr++;
+		while (!QSE_ISPATHMBSEPORNIL(*ptr)) ptr++;
 		seglen = ptr - seg;
 
 		/* handle the segment */
@@ -210,7 +181,7 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonmbspath (const qse_mchar_t* path, qse_mchar_t* canon, int fl
 				while (tmp > non_root_start)
 				{
 					tmp--;
-					if (IS_MSEP(*tmp)) 
+					if (QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(*tmp)) 
 					{
 						tmp++; /* position it next to the separator */
 						break; 
@@ -271,7 +242,7 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonmbspath (const qse_mchar_t* path, qse_mchar_t* canon, int fl
 		{
 		normal:
 			while (seg < ptr) *dst++ = *seg++;
-			if (IS_MSEP(*ptr)) 
+			if (QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(*ptr)) 
 			{
 				/* this segment ended with a separator */
 				*dst++ = *seg++; /* copy the separator */
@@ -281,8 +252,8 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonmbspath (const qse_mchar_t* path, qse_mchar_t* canon, int fl
 	}
 	while (1);
 
-	if (dst > non_root_start && IS_MSEP(dst[-1]) && 
-	    ((flags & QSE_CANONPATH_DROPTRAILINGSEP) || !IS_MSEP(ptr[-1]))) 
+	if (dst > non_root_start && QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(dst[-1]) && 
+	    ((flags & QSE_CANONPATH_DROPTRAILINGSEP) || !QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(ptr[-1]))) 
 	{
 		/* if the canoncal path composed so far ends with a separator
 		 * and the original path didn't end with the separator, delete
@@ -292,9 +263,9 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonmbspath (const qse_mchar_t* path, qse_mchar_t* canon, int fl
 		 *   dst > non_root_start:
 		 *     there is at least 1 character after the root directory 
 		 *     part.
-		 *   IS_MSEP(dst[-1]):
+		 *   QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(dst[-1]):
 		 *     the canonical path ends with a separator.
-		 *   IS_MSEP(ptr[-1]):
+		 *   QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(ptr[-1]):
 		 *     the origial path ends with a separator.
 		 */
 		dst[-1] = QSE_MT('\0');
@@ -341,17 +312,17 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonmbspath (const qse_mchar_t* path, qse_mchar_t* canon, int fl
 			 * the double slahses indicate a directory obviously */
 			if (canon[canon_len-3] == QSE_MT('.') &&
 			    canon[canon_len-2] == QSE_MT('.') &&
-			    IS_MSEP(canon[canon_len-1]))
+			    QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(canon[canon_len-1]))
 			{
 				canon[--canon_len] = QSE_MT('\0');
 			}
 		}
 		else if (canon_len > adj_base_len)
 		{
-			if (IS_MSEP(canon[canon_len-4]) &&
+			if (QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(canon[canon_len-4]) &&
 			    canon[canon_len-3] == QSE_MT('.') &&
 			    canon[canon_len-2] == QSE_MT('.') &&
-			    IS_MSEP(canon[canon_len-1]))
+			    QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(canon[canon_len-1]))
 			{
 				canon[--canon_len] = QSE_MT('\0');
 			}
@@ -365,27 +336,14 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonmbspath (const qse_mchar_t* path, qse_mchar_t* canon, int fl
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
 /*  WCS IMPLEMENTATION                                                */
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
-#	define IS_WSEP(c) ((c) == QSE_WT('/') || (c) == QSE_WT('\\'))
-#else
-#	define IS_WSEP(c) ((c) == QSE_WT('/'))
-#endif
-
-#define IS_WNIL(c) ((c) == QSE_WT('\0'))
-#define IS_WSEP_OR_WNIL(c) (IS_WSEP(c) || IS_WNIL(c))
-
-#define IS_WDRIVE(s) \
-	(((s[0] >= QSE_WT('A') && s[0] <= QSE_WT('Z')) || \
-	  (s[0] >= QSE_WT('a') && s[0] <= QSE_WT('z'))) && \
-	 s[1] == QSE_WT(':'))
 
 int qse_iswcsabspath (const qse_wchar_t* path)
 {
-	if (IS_WSEP(path[0])) return 1;
+	if (QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(path[0])) return 1;
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
 	/* a drive like c:tmp is absolute in positioning the drive.
 	 * but the path within the drive is kind of relative */
-	if (IS_WDRIVE(path)) return 1;
+	if (QSE_ISPATHWCDRIVE(path)) return 1;
 #endif
      return 0;
 }
@@ -393,7 +351,7 @@ int qse_iswcsabspath (const qse_wchar_t* path)
 int qse_iswcsdrivepath (const qse_wchar_t* path)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
-	if (IS_WDRIVE(path)) return 1;
+	if (QSE_ISPATHWCDRIVE(path)) return 1;
 #endif
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -401,7 +359,7 @@ int qse_iswcsdrivepath (const qse_wchar_t* path)
 int qse_iswcsdriveabspath (const qse_wchar_t* path)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
-	if (IS_WDRIVE(path) && IS_WSEP(path[2])) return 1;
+	if (QSE_ISPATHWCDRIVE(path) && QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(path[2])) return 1;
 #endif
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -409,28 +367,11 @@ int qse_iswcsdriveabspath (const qse_wchar_t* path)
 int qse_iswcsdrivecurpath (const qse_wchar_t* path)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
-	if (IS_WDRIVE(path) && path[2] == QSE_WT('\0')) return 1;
+	if (QSE_ISPATHWCDRIVE(path) && path[2] == QSE_WT('\0')) return 1;
 #endif
 	return 0;
 }
 
-qse_wchar_t* qse_getwcspathcore (const qse_wchar_t* path)
-{
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
-	if (IS_WDRIVE(path)) return (qse_wchar_t*)path + 2;
-	#if defined(_WIN32)
-	else if (IS_WSEP(*path) && IS_WSEP(*(path + 1)) && !IS_WSEP_OR_WNIL(*(path + 2)))
-	{
-		/* UNC Path */
-		path += 2;
-		do { path++; } while (!IS_WSEP_OR_WNIL(*path));
-		if (IS_WSEP(*path)) return (qse_wchar_t*)path;
-	}
-	#endif
-#endif
-	return (qse_wchar_t*)path;
-}
-
 qse_size_t qse_canonwcspath (const qse_wchar_t* path, qse_wchar_t* canon, int flags)
 {
 	const qse_wchar_t* ptr;
@@ -453,31 +394,31 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonwcspath (const qse_wchar_t* path, qse_wchar_t* canon, int fl
 	dst = canon;
 
 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
-	if (IS_WDRIVE(ptr))
+	if (QSE_ISPATHWCDRIVE(ptr))
 	{
 		/* handle drive letter */
 		*dst++ = *ptr++; /* drive letter */
 		*dst++ = *ptr++; /* colon */
 
 		is_drive = 1;
-		if (IS_WSEP(*ptr)) 
+		if (QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(*ptr)) 
 		{
 			*dst++ = *ptr++; /* root directory */
 			has_root = 1;
 		}
 	}
-	else if (IS_WSEP(*ptr)) 
+	else if (QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(*ptr)) 
 	{
 		*dst++ = *ptr++; /* root directory */
 		has_root = 1;
 
 	#if defined(_WIN32)
 		/* handle UNC path for Windows */
-		if (IS_WSEP(*ptr)) 
+		if (QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(*ptr)) 
 		{
 			*dst++ = *ptr++;
 
-			if (IS_WSEP_OR_WNIL(*ptr))
+			if (QSE_ISPATHWCSEPORNIL(*ptr))
 			{
 				/* if there is another separator after \\,
 				 * it's not an UNC path. */
@@ -486,14 +427,14 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonwcspath (const qse_wchar_t* path, qse_wchar_t* canon, int fl
 			else
 			{
 				/* if it starts with \\, process host name */
-				do { *dst++ = *ptr++; } while (!IS_WSEP_OR_WNIL(*ptr));
-				if (IS_WSEP(*ptr)) *dst++ = *ptr++;
+				do { *dst++ = *ptr++; } while (!QSE_ISPATHWCSEPORNIL(*ptr));
+				if (QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(*ptr)) *dst++ = *ptr++;
 			}
 		}
 	#endif
 	}
 #else
-	if (IS_WSEP(*ptr)) 
+	if (QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(*ptr)) 
 	{
 		*dst++ = *ptr++; /* root directory */
 		has_root = 1;
@@ -510,14 +451,14 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonwcspath (const qse_wchar_t* path, qse_wchar_t* canon, int fl
 		qse_size_t seglen;
 
 		/* skip duplicate separators */
-		while (IS_WSEP(*ptr)) ptr++;
+		while (QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(*ptr)) ptr++;
 
 		/* end of path reached */
 		if (*ptr == QSE_WT('\0')) break;
 
 		/* find the next segment */
 		seg = ptr;
-		while (!IS_WSEP_OR_WNIL(*ptr)) ptr++;
+		while (!QSE_ISPATHWCSEPORNIL(*ptr)) ptr++;
 		seglen = ptr - seg;
 
 		/* handle the segment */
@@ -542,7 +483,7 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonwcspath (const qse_wchar_t* path, qse_wchar_t* canon, int fl
 				while (tmp > non_root_start)
 				{
 					tmp--;
-					if (IS_WSEP(*tmp)) 
+					if (QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(*tmp)) 
 					{
 						tmp++; /* position it next to the separator */
 						break; 
@@ -603,7 +544,7 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonwcspath (const qse_wchar_t* path, qse_wchar_t* canon, int fl
 		{
 		normal:
 			while (seg < ptr) *dst++ = *seg++;
-			if (IS_WSEP(*ptr)) 
+			if (QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(*ptr)) 
 			{
 				/* this segment ended with a separator */
 				*dst++ = *seg++; /* copy the separator */
@@ -613,8 +554,8 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonwcspath (const qse_wchar_t* path, qse_wchar_t* canon, int fl
 	}
 	while (1);
 
-	if (dst > non_root_start && IS_WSEP(dst[-1]) && 
-	    ((flags & QSE_CANONPATH_DROPTRAILINGSEP) || !IS_WSEP(ptr[-1]))) 
+	if (dst > non_root_start && QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(dst[-1]) && 
+	    ((flags & QSE_CANONPATH_DROPTRAILINGSEP) || !QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(ptr[-1]))) 
 	{
 		/* if the canoncal path composed so far ends with a separator
 		 * and the original path didn't end with the separator, delete
@@ -624,9 +565,9 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonwcspath (const qse_wchar_t* path, qse_wchar_t* canon, int fl
 		 *   dst > non_root_start:
 		 *     there is at least 1 character after the root directory 
 		 *     part.
-		 *   IS_WSEP(dst[-1]):
+		 *   QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(dst[-1]):
 		 *     the canonical path ends with a separator.
-		 *   IS_WSEP(ptr[-1]):
+		 *   QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(ptr[-1]):
 		 *     the origial path ends with a separator.
 		 */
 		dst[-1] = QSE_WT('\0');
@@ -673,17 +614,17 @@ qse_size_t qse_canonwcspath (const qse_wchar_t* path, qse_wchar_t* canon, int fl
 			 * the double slahses indicate a directory obviously */
 			if (canon[canon_len-3] == QSE_WT('.') &&
 			    canon[canon_len-2] == QSE_WT('.') &&
-			    IS_WSEP(canon[canon_len-1]))
+			    QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(canon[canon_len-1]))
 			{
 				canon[--canon_len] = QSE_WT('\0');
 			}
 		}
 		else if (canon_len > adj_base_len)
 		{
-			if (IS_WSEP(canon[canon_len-4]) &&
+			if (QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(canon[canon_len-4]) &&
 			    canon[canon_len-3] == QSE_WT('.') &&
 			    canon[canon_len-2] == QSE_WT('.') &&
-			    IS_WSEP(canon[canon_len-1]))
+			    QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(canon[canon_len-1]))
 			{
 				canon[--canon_len] = QSE_WT('\0');
 			}
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/path-core.c b/qse/lib/cmn/path-core.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e7fb94dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/path-core.c
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ *
+    Copyright (c) 2006-2014 Chung, Hyung-Hwan. All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+    OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+    IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+    INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+    NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+    DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+    THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+    (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+    THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <qse/cmn/path.h>
+
+
+qse_mchar_t* qse_mbspathcore (const qse_mchar_t* path)
+{
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
+	if (QSE_ISPATHMBDRIVE(path)) return (qse_mchar_t*)path + 2;
+	#if defined(_WIN32)
+	else if (QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(*path) && QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(*(path + 1)) && !QSE_ISPATHMBSEPORNIL(*(path + 2)))
+	{
+		/* UNC Path */
+		path += 2;
+		do { path++; } while (!QSE_ISPATHMBSEPORNIL(*path));
+		if (QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(*path)) return (qse_mchar_t*)path;
+	}
+	#endif
+/* TOOD: \\server\XXX \\.\XXX \\?\XXX \\?\UNC\server\XXX */
+	
+#endif
+	return (qse_mchar_t*)path;
+}
+
+qse_wchar_t* qse_wcspathcore (const qse_wchar_t* path)
+{
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
+	if (QSE_ISPATHWCDRIVE(path)) return (qse_wchar_t*)path + 2;
+	#if defined(_WIN32)
+	else if (QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(*path) && QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(*(path + 1)) && !QSE_ISPATHWCSEPORNIL(*(path + 2)))
+	{
+		/* UNC Path */
+		path += 2;
+		do { path++; } while (!QSE_ISPATHWCSEPORNIL(*path));
+		if (QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(*path)) return (qse_wchar_t*)path;
+	}
+	#endif
+/* TOOD: \\server\XXX \\.\XXX \\?\XXX \\?\UNC\server\XXX */
+#endif
+	return (qse_wchar_t*)path;
+}
+
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/path-merge.c b/qse/lib/cmn/path-merge.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..27eafc82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/path-merge.c
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * $Id
+ *
+    Copyright (c) 2006-2014 Chung, Hyung-Hwan. All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+    OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+    IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+    INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+    NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+    DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+    THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+    (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+    THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <qse/cmn/path.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/str.h>
+
+qse_mchar_t* qse_mergembspathdup (const qse_mchar_t* dir, const qse_mchar_t* file, qse_mmgr_t* mmgr)
+{
+	const qse_mchar_t* seg[4];
+	qse_mchar_t tmp[2];
+	int idx = 0;
+
+	if (*dir != QSE_MT('\0'))
+	{
+		seg[idx++] = dir;
+
+	#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
+		while (!QSE_ISPATHMBSEPORNIL(*dir)) dir++;
+		if (QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(*dir)) tmp[0] = *dir;
+		else
+		{
+			while (!QSE_ISPATHMBSEPORNIL(*file)) file++;
+			if (QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(*file)) tmp[0] = *file;
+			else tmp[0] = QSE_MT('\\');
+		}
+	#else
+		tmp[0] = QSE_MT('/');
+		tmp[1] = QSE_MT('\0');
+	#endif
+
+		while (*dir != QSE_MT('\0')) dir++;
+
+		if (!QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(*(dir - 1)) && !QSE_ISPATHMBSEP(*file))
+		{
+			seg[idx++] = tmp;
+		}
+	}
+
+	seg[idx++] = file;
+	seg[idx++] = QSE_NULL;
+
+	return qse_mbsadup (seg, QSE_NULL, mmgr);
+}
+
+qse_wchar_t* qse_mergewcspathdup (const qse_wchar_t* dir, const qse_wchar_t* file, qse_mmgr_t* mmgr)
+{
+	const qse_wchar_t* seg[4];
+	qse_wchar_t tmp[2];
+	int idx = 0;
+
+	if (*dir != QSE_WT('\0'))
+	{
+		seg[idx++] = dir;
+
+	#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
+		while (!QSE_ISPATHWCSEPORNIL(*dir)) dir++;
+		if (QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(*dir)) tmp[0] = *dir;
+		else
+		{
+			while (!QSE_ISPATHWCSEPORNIL(*file)) file++;
+			if (QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(*file)) tmp[0] = *file;
+			else tmp[0] = QSE_WT('\\');
+		}
+	#else
+		tmp[0] = QSE_WT('/');
+		tmp[1] = QSE_WT('\0');
+	#endif
+
+		while (*dir != QSE_WT('\0')) dir++;
+
+		if (!QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(*(dir - 1)) && !QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(*file))
+		{
+			seg[idx++] = tmp;
+		}
+	}
+
+	seg[idx++] = file;
+	seg[idx++] = QSE_NULL;
+
+	return qse_wcsadup (seg, QSE_NULL, mmgr);
+}