diff --git a/qse/include/qse/cmn/dir.h b/qse/include/qse/cmn/dir.h
index ed7f322e..f2238038 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/cmn/dir.h
+++ b/qse/include/qse/cmn/dir.h
@@ -60,8 +60,9 @@ typedef enum qse_dir_errnum_t qse_dir_errnum_t;
 enum qse_dir_flag_t
 {
 	QSE_DIR_MBSPATH    = (1 << 0),
-	QSE_DIR_SORT       = (1 << 1),
-	QSE_DIR_SKIPSPCDIR = (1 << 2)   /**< limited to normal entries excluding . and .. */
+	QSE_DIR_WCSPATH    = (1 << 1),
+	QSE_DIR_SORT       = (1 << 2),
+	QSE_DIR_SKIPSPCDIR = (1 << 3)  /**< limited to normal entries excluding . and .. */
 };
 typedef enum qse_dir_flag_t qse_dir_flag_t;
 
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/cmn/mbwc.h b/qse/include/qse/cmn/mbwc.h
index 1ab0ceac..b2b79d11 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/cmn/mbwc.h
+++ b/qse/include/qse/cmn/mbwc.h
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
  */
 #include <qse/types.h>
 #include <qse/macros.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/str.h>
 
 typedef qse_cmgr_t* (*qse_cmgr_finder_t) (const qse_char_t* name);
 
@@ -470,6 +471,20 @@ QSE_EXPORT qse_mchar_t* qse_wcsnatombsdup (
 	qse_mmgr_t*       mmgr
 );
 
+
+#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
+#	define qse_strtombsdup(sa,mmgr)               qse_strdup(sa,mmgr)
+#	define qse_strtowcsdup(sa,mmgr)               qse_mbstowcsdup(sa,QSE_NULL,mmgr)
+#	define qse_strtombsdupwithcmgr(sa,mmgr,cmgr)  qse_strdup(sa,mmgr)
+#	define qse_strtowcsdupwithcmgr(sa,mmgr,cmgr)  qse_mbstowcsdupwithcmgr(sa,QSE_NULL,mmgr,cmgr)
+
+#else
+#	define qse_strtombsdup(sa,mmgr)               qse_wcstombsdup(sa,QSE_NULL,mmgr)
+#	define qse_strtowcsdup(sa,mmgr)               qse_wcsdup(sa,mmgr)
+#	define qse_strtombsdupwithcmgr(sa,mmgr,cmgr)  qse_wcstombsdupwithcmgr(sa,QSE_NULL,mmgr,cmgr)
+#	define qse_strtowcsdupwithcmgr(sa,mmgr,cmgr)  qse_wcsdup(sa,mmgr)
+#endif
+
 #if defined(__cplusplus)
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/cmn/str.h b/qse/include/qse/cmn/str.h
index 744dc8b0..647405c8 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/cmn/str.h
+++ b/qse/include/qse/cmn/str.h
@@ -1392,6 +1392,7 @@ QSE_EXPORT qse_wchar_t* qse_wcstradup (
 #	define qse_cstradup(sa,len,mmgr)      qse_wcstradup(sa,len,mmgr)
 #endif
 
+
 /**
  * The qse_mbsstr() function searchs a string \a str for the first occurrence 
  * of a substring \a sub.
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/dir.c b/qse/lib/cmn/dir.c
index a4ede623..5555b554 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/dir.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/dir.c
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ struct qse_dir_t
 	qse_dir_errnum_t errnum;
 	int flags;
 
-	qse_str_t tbuf;
+	qse_wcs_t wbuf;
 	qse_mbs_t mbuf;
 
 	qse_lda_t* stab;
@@ -158,13 +158,27 @@ static int compare_dirent (qse_lda_t* lda, const void* dptr1, qse_size_t dlen1,
 int qse_dir_init (qse_dir_t* dir, qse_mmgr_t* mmgr, const qse_char_t* path, int flags)
 {
 	int n;
+	int path_flags;
+
+	path_flags = flags & (QSE_DIR_MBSPATH | QSE_DIR_WCSPATH);
+	if (path_flags == (QSE_DIR_MBSPATH | QSE_DIR_WCSPATH) || path_flags == 0)
+	{
+		/* if both are set or none are set, force it to the default */
+	#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
+		flags |= QSE_DIR_MBSPATH;
+		flags &= ~QSE_DIR_WCSPATH;
+	#else
+		flags |= QSE_DIR_WCSPATH;
+		flags &= ~QSE_DIR_MBSPATH;
+	#endif
+	}
 
 	QSE_MEMSET (dir, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(*dir));
 
 	dir->mmgr = mmgr;
 	dir->flags = flags;
 
-	if (qse_str_init (&dir->tbuf, mmgr, 256) <= -1) goto oops_0;
+	if (qse_wcs_init (&dir->wbuf, mmgr, 256) <= -1) goto oops_0;
 	if (qse_mbs_init (&dir->mbuf, mmgr, 256) <= -1) goto oops_1;
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
@@ -194,7 +208,7 @@ oops_3:
 oops_2:
 	qse_mbs_fini (&dir->mbuf);
 oops_1:
-	qse_str_fini (&dir->tbuf);
+	qse_wcs_fini (&dir->wbuf);
 oops_0:
 	return -1;
 }
@@ -233,12 +247,12 @@ void qse_dir_fini (qse_dir_t* dir)
 	close_dir_safely (dir);
 
 	qse_mbs_fini (&dir->mbuf);
-	qse_str_fini (&dir->tbuf);
+	qse_wcs_fini (&dir->wbuf);
 
 	if (dir->stab) qse_lda_close (dir->stab);
 }
 
-static qse_mchar_t* wcs_to_mbuf (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_wchar_t* wcs, qse_mbs_t* mbs)
+static qse_mchar_t* wcs_to_mbuf (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_wchar_t* wcs, qse_mbs_t* mbuf)
 {
 	qse_size_t ml, wl;
 
@@ -248,17 +262,17 @@ static qse_mchar_t* wcs_to_mbuf (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_wchar_t* wcs, qse_mbs
 		return QSE_NULL;
 	}
 
-	if (qse_mbs_setlen (mbs, ml) == (qse_size_t)-1) 
+	if (qse_mbs_setlen (mbuf, ml) == (qse_size_t)-1) 
 	{
 		dir->errnum = QSE_DIR_ENOMEM;
 		return QSE_NULL;
 	}
 
-	qse_wcstombs (wcs, &wl, QSE_MBS_PTR(mbs), &ml);
-	return QSE_MBS_PTR(mbs);
+	qse_wcstombs (wcs, &wl, QSE_MBS_PTR(mbuf), &ml);
+	return QSE_MBS_PTR(mbuf);
 }
 
-static qse_wchar_t* mbs_to_wbuf (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_mchar_t* mbs, qse_wcs_t* wcs)
+static qse_wchar_t* mbs_to_wbuf (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_mchar_t* mbs, qse_wcs_t* wbuf)
 {
 	qse_size_t ml, wl;
 
@@ -267,16 +281,39 @@ static qse_wchar_t* mbs_to_wbuf (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_mchar_t* mbs, qse_wcs
 		dir->errnum = QSE_DIR_EINVAL;
 		return QSE_NULL;
 	}
-	if (qse_wcs_setlen (wcs, wl) == (qse_size_t)-1) 
+	if (qse_wcs_setlen (wbuf, wl) == (qse_size_t)-1) 
 	{
 		dir->errnum = QSE_DIR_ENOMEM;
 		return QSE_NULL;
 	}
 
-	qse_mbstowcs (mbs, &ml, QSE_WCS_PTR(wcs), &wl);
-	return QSE_WCS_PTR(wcs);
+	qse_mbstowcs (mbs, &ml, QSE_WCS_PTR(wbuf), &wl);
+	return QSE_WCS_PTR(wbuf);
 }
 
+static qse_wchar_t* wcs_to_wbuf (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_wchar_t* wcs, qse_wcs_t* wbuf)
+{
+	if (qse_wcs_cpy (&dir->wbuf, wcs) == (qse_size_t)-1) 
+	{
+		dir->errnum = QSE_DIR_ENOMEM;
+		return QSE_NULL;
+	}
+
+	return QSE_WCS_PTR(wbuf);
+}
+
+static qse_mchar_t* mbs_to_mbuf (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_mchar_t* mbs, qse_mbs_t* mbuf)
+{
+	if (qse_mbs_cpy (&dir->mbuf, mbs) == (qse_size_t)-1) 
+	{
+		dir->errnum = QSE_DIR_ENOMEM;
+		return QSE_NULL;
+	}
+
+	return QSE_MBS_PTR(mbuf);
+}
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__) || defined(__DOS__)
 static qse_mchar_t* make_mbsdos_path (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_mchar_t* mpath)
 {
 	if (mpath[0] == QSE_MT('\0'))
@@ -304,6 +341,35 @@ static qse_mchar_t* make_mbsdos_path (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_mchar_t* mpath)
 	return QSE_MBS_PTR(&dir->mbuf);
 }
 
+static qse_wchar_t* make_wcsdos_path (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_wchar_t* wpath)
+{
+	if (wpath[0] == QSE_WT('\0'))
+	{
+		if (qse_wcs_cpy (&dir->wbuf, QSE_WT("*.*")) == (qse_size_t)-1) 
+		{
+			dir->errnum = QSE_DIR_ENOMEM;
+			return QSE_NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		qse_size_t len;
+		if ((len = qse_wcs_cpy (&dir->wbuf, wpath)) == (qse_size_t)-1 ||
+		    (!QSE_ISPATHWCSEP(wpath[len - 1]) && 
+		     !qse_iswcsdrivecurpath(wpath) &&
+		     qse_wcs_ccat (&dir->wbuf, QSE_WT('\\')) == (qse_size_t)-1) ||
+		    qse_wcs_cat (&dir->wbuf, QSE_WT("*.*")) == (qse_size_t)-1)
+		{
+			dir->errnum = QSE_DIR_ENOMEM;
+			return QSE_NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return QSE_WCS_PTR(&dir->wbuf);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
 static qse_char_t* make_dos_path (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_char_t* path)
 {
 	if (path[0] == QSE_T('\0'))
@@ -357,31 +423,44 @@ static qse_mchar_t* mkdospath (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_char_t* path)
 #endif
 
 }
+*/
 
 static int reset_to_path (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_char_t* path)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 	/* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-	qse_char_t* tptr;
+	const qse_char_t* tptr;
 
 	dir->status &= ~STATUS_DONE;
 	dir->status &= ~STATUS_DONE_ERR;
 
-	#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
-	tptr = make_dos_path (dir, path);
-	#else
 	if (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_MBSPATH)
 	{
-		qse_mchar_t* mptr = make_mbsdos_path (dir, (const qse_mchar_t*) path);
+		qse_mchar_t* mptr;
+
+		mptr = make_mbsdos_path (dir, (const qse_mchar_t*)path);
 		if (mptr == QSE_NULL) return -1;
-		tptr = mbs_to_wbuf (dir, mptr, &dir->tbuf);
+
+	#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
+		tptr = mptr;
+	#else
+		tptr = mbs_to_wbuf (dir, mptr, &dir->wbuf);
+	#endif
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		tptr = make_dos_path (dir, path);
-		if (tptr == QSE_NULL) return -1;
-	}
+		qse_wchar_t* wptr;
+		QSE_ASSERT (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_WCSPATH);
+
+		wptr = make_wcsdos_path (dir, (const qse_wchar_t*)path);
+		if (wptr == QSE_NULL) return -1;
+
+	#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
+		tptr = wcs_to_mbuf (dir, wptr, &dir->mbuf);
+	#else
+		tptr = wptr;
 	#endif
+	}
 	if (tptr == QSE_NULL) return -1;
 
 	dir->h = FindFirstFile (tptr, &dir->wfd);
@@ -398,25 +477,24 @@ static int reset_to_path (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_char_t* path)
 
 	/* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 	APIRET rc;
-	qse_mchar_t* mptr;
+	const qse_mchar_t* mptr;
 
 	dir->h = HDIR_CREATE;
 	dir->count = 1;
 
-	#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
-	mptr = make_dos_path (dir, path);
-	#else
 	if (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_MBSPATH)
 	{
-		mptr = make_mbsdos_path (dir, (const qse_mchar_t*) path);
+		mptr = make_mbsdos_path (dir, (const qse_mchar_t*)path);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		qse_char_t* tptr = make_dos_path (dir, path);
-		if (tptr == QSE_NULL) return -1;
-		mptr = wcs_to_mbuf (dir, tptr, &dir->mbuf);
+		qse_wchar_t* wptr;
+		QSE_ASSERT (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_WCSPATH);
+
+		wptr = make_wcsdos_path (dir, (const qse_wchar_t*)path);
+		if (wptr == QSE_NULL) return -1;
+		mptr = wcs_to_mbuf (dir, wptr, &dir->mbuf);
 	}
-	#endif
 	if (mptr == QSE_NULL) return -1;
 
 	rc = DosFindFirst (
@@ -426,11 +504,11 @@ static int reset_to_path (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_char_t* path)
 		&dir->ffb,
 		QSE_SIZEOF(dir->ffb),
 		&dir->count,
-#if defined(FIL_STANDARDL) 
+	#if defined(FIL_STANDARDL) 
 		FIL_STANDARDL
-#else
+	#else
 		FIL_STANDARD
-#endif
+	#endif
 	);
 
 	if (rc != NO_ERROR)
@@ -447,25 +525,25 @@ static int reset_to_path (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_char_t* path)
 
 	/* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 	unsigned int rc;
-	qse_mchar_t* mptr;
+	const qse_mchar_t* mptr;
 
 	dir->status &= ~STATUS_DONE;
 	dir->status &= ~STATUS_DONE_ERR;
 
-	#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
-	mptr = make_dos_path (dir, path);
-	#else
 	if (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_MBSPATH)
 	{
-		mptr = make_mbsdos_path (dir, (const qse_mchar_t*) path);
+		mptr = make_mbsdos_path (dir, (const qse_mchar_t*)path);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		qse_char_t* tptr = make_dos_path (dir, path);
-		if (tptr == QSE_NULL) return -1;
-		mptr = wcs_to_mbuf (dir, tptr, &dir->mbuf);
+		qse_wchar_t* wptr;
+
+		QSE_ASSERT (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_WCSPTH);
+
+		wptr = make_wcsdos_path (dir, (const qse_wchar_t*)path);
+		if (wptr == QSE_NULL) return -1;
+		mptr = wcs_to_mbuf (dir, wptr, &dir->mbuf);
 	}
-	#endif
 	if (mptr == QSE_NULL) return -1;
 
 	rc = _dos_findfirst (mptr, _A_NORMAL | _A_SUBDIR, &dir->f);
@@ -482,17 +560,21 @@ static int reset_to_path (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_char_t* path)
 #else
 	DIR* dp;
 
-	#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
-	dp = QSE_OPENDIR (path[0] == QSE_MT('\0')? QSE_T("."): path);
-	#else
 	if (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_MBSPATH)
 	{
-		const qse_mchar_t* mpath = (const qse_mchar_t*)path;
+		const qse_mchar_t* mpath;
+
+		mpath = (const qse_mchar_t*)path;
 		dp = QSE_OPENDIR (mpath == QSE_MT('\0')? QSE_MT("."): mpath);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		if (path[0] == QSE_T('\0'))
+
+		const qse_wchar_t* wpath;
+		QSE_ASSERT (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_WCSPATH);
+
+		wpath = (const qse_wchar_t*)path;
+		if (wpath[0] == QSE_WT('\0'))
 		{
 			dp = QSE_OPENDIR (QSE_MT("."));
 		}
@@ -500,13 +582,13 @@ static int reset_to_path (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_char_t* path)
 		{
 			qse_mchar_t* mptr;
 
-			mptr = wcs_to_mbuf (dir, path, &dir->mbuf);
+			mptr = wcs_to_mbuf (dir, wpath, &dir->mbuf);
 			if (mptr == QSE_NULL) return -1;
 
 			dp = QSE_OPENDIR (mptr);
 		}
 	}
-	#endif 
+
 	if (dp == QSE_NULL) 
 	{
 		dir->errnum = syserr_to_errnum (errno);
@@ -540,7 +622,7 @@ int qse_dir_reset (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_char_t* path)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int read_dir_to_tbuf (qse_dir_t* dir, void** name)
+static int read_dir_to_buf (qse_dir_t* dir, void** name)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 
@@ -571,29 +653,25 @@ static int read_dir_to_tbuf (qse_dir_t* dir, void** name)
 		}
 	}
 
-	#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
-	if (qse_str_cpy (&dir->tbuf, dir->wfd.cFileName) == (qse_size_t)-1) 
-	{
-		dir->errnum = QSE_DIR_ENOMEM;
-		return -1;
-	}
-	*name = QSE_STR_PTR(&dir->tbuf);
-	#else
 	if (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_MBSPATH)
 	{
+	#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
+		if (mbs_to_mbuf (dir, dir->wfd.cFileName, &dir->mbuf) == QSE_NULL) return -1;
+	#else
 		if (wcs_to_mbuf (dir, dir->wfd.cFileName, &dir->mbuf) == QSE_NULL) return -1;
-		*name = QSE_STR_PTR(&dir->mbuf);
+	#endif
+		*name = QSE_MBS_PTR(&dir->mbuf);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		if (qse_str_cpy (&dir->tbuf, dir->wfd.cFileName) == (qse_size_t)-1) 
-		{
-			dir->errnum = QSE_DIR_ENOMEM;
-			return -1;
-		}
-		*name = QSE_STR_PTR(&dir->tbuf);
-	}
+		QSE_ASSERT (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_WCSPATH);
+	#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
+		if (mbs_to_wbuf (dir, dir->wfd.cFileName, &dir->wbuf) == QSE_NULL) return -1;
+	#else
+		if (wcs_to_wbuf (dir, dir->wfd.cFileName, &dir->wbuf) == QSE_NULL) return -1;
 	#endif
+		*name = QSE_WCS_PTR(&dir->wbuf);
+	}
 
 	if (FindNextFile (dir->h, &dir->wfd) == FALSE) 
 	{
@@ -636,29 +714,18 @@ static int read_dir_to_tbuf (qse_dir_t* dir, void** name)
 		}
 	}
 
-	#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
-	if (qse_str_cpy (&dir->tbuf, dir->ffb.achName) == (qse_size_t)-1) 
-	{
-		dir->errnum = QSE_DIR_ENOMEM;
-		return -1;
-	}
-	*name = QSE_STR_PTR(&dir->tbuf);
-	#else
 	if (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_MBSPATH)
 	{
-		if (qse_mbs_cpy (&dir->mbuf, dir->ffb.achName) == (qse_size_t)-1) 
-		{
-			dir->errnum = QSE_DIR_ENOMEM;
-			return -1;
-		}
+		if (mbs_to_mbuf (dir, dir->ffb.achName, &dir->mbuf) == QSE_NULL) return -1;
 		*name = QSE_MBS_PTR(&dir->mbuf);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		if (mbs_to_wbuf (dir, dir->ffb.achName, &dir->tbuf) == QSE_NULL) return -1;
-		*name = QSE_STR_PTR(&dir->tbuf);
+		QSE_ASSERT (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_WCSPATH);
+		if (mbs_to_wbuf (dir, dir->ffb.achName, &dir->wbuf) == QSE_NULL) return -1;
+		*name = QSE_WCS_PTR(&dir->wbuf);
 	}
-	#endif
+	
 
 	rc = DosFindNext (dir->h, &dir->ffb, QSE_SIZEOF(dir->ffb), &dir->count);
 	if (rc == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES) dir->count = 0;
@@ -700,29 +767,18 @@ static int read_dir_to_tbuf (qse_dir_t* dir, void** name)
 		}
 	}
 
-	#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
-	if (qse_str_cpy (&dir->tbuf, dir->f.name) == (qse_size_t)-1) 
-	{
-		dir->errnum = QSE_DIR_ENOMEM;
-		return -1;
-	}
-	*name = QSE_STR_PTR(&dir->tbuf);
-	#else
 	if (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_MBSPATH)
 	{
-		if (qse_mbs_cpy (&dir->mbuf, dir->f.name) == (qse_size_t)-1) 
-		{
-			dir->errnum = QSE_DIR_ENOMEM;
-			return -1;
-		}
+		if (mbs_to_mbuf (dir, dir->f.name, &dir->mbuf) == QSE_NULL) return -1;
 		*name = QSE_MBS_PTR(&dir->mbuf);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		if (mbs_to_wbuf (dir, dir->f.name, &dir->tbuf) == QSE_NULL) return -1;
-		*name = QSE_STR_PTR(&dir->tbuf);
+		QSE_ASSERT (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_WCSPATH);
+
+		if (mbs_to_wbuf (dir, dir->f.name, &dir->wbuf) == QSE_NULL) return -1;
+		*name = QSE_WCS_PTR(&dir->wbuf);
 	}
-	#endif
 
 	if (_dos_findnext (&dir->f) != 0)
 	{
@@ -760,30 +816,18 @@ read:
 		    IS_PREVDIR_M(de->d_name)) goto read;
 	}
 
-	#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
-	if (qse_str_cpy (&dir->tbuf, de->d_name) == (qse_size_t)-1) 
-	{
-		dir->errnum = QSE_DIR_ENOMEM;
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	*name = QSE_STR_PTR(&dir->tbuf);
-	#else
 	if (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_MBSPATH)
 	{
-		if (qse_mbs_cpy (&dir->mbuf, de->d_name) == (qse_size_t)-1) 
-		{
-			dir->errnum = QSE_DIR_ENOMEM;
-			return -1;
-		}
+		if (mbs_to_mbuf (dir, de->d_name, &dir->mbuf) == QSE_NULL) return -1;
 		*name = QSE_MBS_PTR(&dir->mbuf);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		if (mbs_to_wbuf (dir, de->d_name, &dir->tbuf) == QSE_NULL) return -1;
-		*name = QSE_STR_PTR(&dir->tbuf);
+		QSE_ASSERT (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_WCSPATH);
+
+		if (mbs_to_wbuf (dir, de->d_name, &dir->wbuf) == QSE_NULL) return -1;
+		*name = QSE_WCS_PTR(&dir->wbuf);
 	}
-	#endif
 
 	return 1;
 	/* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@@ -798,19 +842,15 @@ static int read_ahead_and_sort (qse_dir_t* dir, const qse_char_t* path)
 
 	while (1)
 	{
-		x = read_dir_to_tbuf (dir, &name);
+		x = read_dir_to_buf (dir, &name);
 		if (x >= 1)
 		{
 			qse_size_t size;
 
-		#if defined(QSE_CHAR_IS_MCHAR)
-			size = (qse_mbslen(name) + 1) * QSE_SIZEOF(qse_mchar_t);
-		#else
 			if (dir->flags & QSE_DIR_MBSPATH)
 				size = (qse_mbslen(name) + 1) * QSE_SIZEOF(qse_mchar_t);
 			else
 				size = (qse_wcslen(name) + 1) * QSE_SIZEOF(qse_wchar_t);
-		#endif
 
 			if (qse_lda_pushheap (dir->stab, name, size) == (qse_size_t)-1)
 			{
@@ -846,7 +886,7 @@ int qse_dir_read (qse_dir_t* dir, qse_dir_ent_t* ent)
 		int x;
 		void* name;
 
-		x = read_dir_to_tbuf (dir, &name);
+		x = read_dir_to_buf (dir, &name);
 		if (x >= 1)
 		{
 			QSE_MEMSET (ent, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(ent));
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/fs-delete.c b/qse/lib/cmn/fs-delete.c
index 0e6d1967..11dd4fca 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/fs-delete.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/fs-delete.c
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
  * qse_dir_xxx() and qse_glob()  don't support mbs and wcs separately.
  * while the functions here support them. */
 
-static int delete_file_from_fs (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_fs_char_t* fspath)
+int qse_fs_sysrmfile (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_fs_char_t* fspath)
 {
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ static int delete_file_from_fs (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_fs_char_t* fspath)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int delete_directory_from_fs (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_fs_char_t* fspath)
+int qse_fs_sysrmdir (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_fs_char_t* fspath)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ static int delete_file (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_char_t* path, int purge)
 	fspath = qse_fs_makefspath(fs, path);
 	if (!fspath) return -1;
 
-	ret = delete_file_from_fs (fs, fspath);
+	ret = qse_fs_sysrmfile (fs, fspath);
 	qse_fs_freefspath (fs, path, fspath);
 
 	if (ret <= -1 && purge) 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ static int delete_directory_nocbs (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_char_t* path)
 	fspath = qse_fs_makefspath(fs, path);
 	if (!fspath) return -1;
 
-	ret = delete_directory_from_fs (fs, fspath);
+	ret = qse_fs_sysrmdir (fs, fspath);
 	qse_fs_freefspath (fs, path, fspath);
 
 	return ret;
@@ -301,8 +301,8 @@ static int delete_from_fs_with_mbs (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_mchar_t* path, int d
 		if (x == 0) return 0; /* skipped */
 	}
 
-	ret = dir? delete_directory_from_fs (fs, fspath): 
-	           delete_file_from_fs (fs, fspath);
+	ret = dir? qse_fs_sysrmdir (fs, fspath): 
+	           qse_fs_sysrmfile (fs, fspath);
 
 	qse_fs_freefspathformbs (fs, path, fspath);
 
@@ -337,8 +337,8 @@ static int delete_from_fs_with_wcs (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_wchar_t* path, int d
 	fspath = qse_fs_makefspathforwcs (fs, path);
 	if (!fspath) return -1;
 
-	ret = dir? delete_directory_from_fs (fs, fspath): 
-	           delete_file_from_fs (fs, fspath);
+	ret = dir? qse_fs_sysrmdir (fs, fspath): 
+	           qse_fs_sysrmfile (fs, fspath);
 
 	qse_fs_freefspathforwcs (fs, path, fspath);
 
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/fs-make.c b/qse/lib/cmn/fs-make.c
index 13e75e87..2899e925 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/fs-make.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/fs-make.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 
 #include "fs.h"
 
-static int make_directory_in_fs (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_fs_char_t* fspath)
+int qse_fs_sysmkdir (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_fs_char_t* fspath)
 {
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ static int make_directory_in_fs (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_fs_char_t* fspath)
 
 #else
 
-	if (QSE_MKDIR (fspath, 0755) <= -1)
+	if (QSE_MKDIR (fspath, 0777) <= -1) /* TODO: proper mode?? */
 	{
 		fs->errnum = qse_fs_syserrtoerrnum (fs, errno);
 		return -1;
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ static int make_directory_chain (qse_fs_t* fs, qse_fs_char_t* fspath)
 			c = *(p + 1);
 			*(p + 1) = QSE_FS_T('\0');
 		#endif
-			ret = make_directory_in_fs (fs, fspath);
+			ret = qse_fs_sysmkdir (fs, fspath);
 			if (ret <= -1 && fs->errnum != QSE_FS_EEXIST) 
 			{
 				return -1;
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ static int make_directory_chain (qse_fs_t* fs, qse_fs_char_t* fspath)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!IS_FSPATHSEP(*(p - 1))) ret = make_directory_in_fs (fs, fspath);
+	if (!IS_FSPATHSEP(*(p - 1))) ret = qse_fs_sysmkdir (fs, fspath);
 
 done:
 	return ret;
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ int qse_fs_mkdirmbs (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_mchar_t* path, int flags)
 		fspath = (qse_fs_char_t*)qse_fs_makefspathformbs (fs, path);
 		if (!fspath) return -1;
 
-		ret = make_directory_in_fs (fs, fspath);
+		ret = qse_fs_sysmkdir (fs, fspath);
 	}
 
 	qse_fs_freefspathformbs (fs, path, fspath);
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ int qse_fs_mkdirwcs (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_wchar_t* path, int flags)
 		fspath = (qse_fs_char_t*)qse_fs_makefspathforwcs (fs, path);
 		if (!fspath) return -1;
 
-		ret = make_directory_in_fs (fs, fspath);
+		ret = qse_fs_sysmkdir (fs, fspath);
 	}
 
 	qse_fs_freefspathforwcs (fs, path, fspath);
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/fs-move.c b/qse/lib/cmn/fs-move.c
index 3ed0620c..705cd7bd 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/fs-move.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/fs-move.c
@@ -367,6 +367,7 @@ oops:
 #endif
 }
 
+#if 0
 static int move_file_in_fs (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_fs_char_t* oldpath, const qse_fs_char_t* newpath, int flags)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
@@ -458,3 +459,5 @@ static int move_file_in_fs (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_fs_char_t* oldpath, const qs
 
 #endif
 }
+
+#endif
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/fs.c b/qse/lib/cmn/fs.c
index 9e69a0ba..c5643799 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/fs.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/fs.c
@@ -818,11 +818,21 @@ void qse_fs_freefspathforwcs (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_wchar_t* path, qse_fs_char
 int qse_fs_getattr (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_fs_char_t* fspath, qse_fs_attr_t* attr)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
-#error TODO
+
+	fs->errnum = QSE_FS_ENOIMPL;
+	return -1;
+
 #elif defined(__OS2__)
-#error TODO
+
+	/* TODO */
+	fs->errnum = QSE_FS_ENOIMPL;
+	return -1;
+
 #elif defined(__DOS__)
-#error TODO
+
+	fs->errnum = QSE_FS_ENOIMPL;
+	return -1;
+
 #else
 	#if defined(HAVE_LSTAT)
 	qse_lstat_t st;
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/fs.h b/qse/lib/cmn/fs.h
index 6568a975..c5f2a90a 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/fs.h
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/fs.h
@@ -145,9 +145,24 @@ void qse_fs_freefspathforwcs (
 
 
 int qse_fs_getattr (
-	qse_fs_t* fs,
+	qse_fs_t*            fs,
 	const qse_fs_char_t* fspath,
-	qse_fs_attr_t* attr
+	qse_fs_attr_t*       attr
+);
+
+int qse_fs_sysmkdir (
+	qse_fs_t*            fs,
+	const qse_fs_char_t* fspath
+);
+
+int qse_fs_sysrmfile (
+	qse_fs_t*            fs, 
+	const qse_fs_char_t* fspath
+);
+
+int qse_fs_sysrmdir (
+	qse_fs_t*            fs, 
+	const qse_fs_char_t* fspath
 );
 
 #if defined(__cplusplus)
diff --git a/qse/samples/cmn/dir01.c b/qse/samples/cmn/dir01.c
index d9c36f6f..8374f021 100644
--- a/qse/samples/cmn/dir01.c
+++ b/qse/samples/cmn/dir01.c
@@ -1,42 +1,107 @@
 #include <qse/cmn/dir.h>
 #include <qse/cmn/main.h>
 #include <qse/cmn/mbwc.h>
-#include <qse/cmn/stdio.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/sio.h>
 #include <qse/cmn/mem.h>
-
+#include <qse/cmn/str.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/fmt.h>
 #include <locale.h>
+
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 #	include <windows.h>
 #endif
 
-static int test_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
+static int list_dir (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[], int flags)
 {
-	qse_dir_t* dir;
+	qse_dir_t* dir = QSE_NULL;
 	qse_dir_ent_t dirent;
+	void* xpath = QSE_NULL;
+	void* xdirpath;
 
-	dir = qse_dir_open (QSE_MMGR_GETDFL(), 0, (argc < 2? QSE_T("."): argv[1]), QSE_DIR_SORT, QSE_NULL);
+	if (argc < 2)
+	{
+		if (flags & QSE_DIR_MBSPATH)
+			xdirpath = QSE_MT(".");
+		else
+			xdirpath = QSE_WT(".");
+
+		dir = qse_dir_open (QSE_MMGR_GETDFL(), 0, xdirpath, flags, QSE_NULL);
+		if (!dir)
+		{
+			qse_printf (QSE_T("Cannot open .\n"));
+			goto oops;
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		if (flags & QSE_DIR_MBSPATH)
+			xpath = qse_strtombsdup (argv[1], QSE_MMGR_GETDFL());
+		else 
+			xpath = qse_strtowcsdup (argv[1], QSE_MMGR_GETDFL());
+
+		xdirpath = xpath;
+		dir = qse_dir_open (QSE_MMGR_GETDFL(), 0, xdirpath, flags, QSE_NULL);
+		if (!dir)
+		{
+			qse_printf (QSE_T("Cannot open %s\n"), argv[1]);
+			goto oops;
+		}
+	}
+	
 
 	while (qse_dir_read (dir, &dirent) > 0)
 	{
-		qse_printf (QSE_T("%s\n"), dirent.name);
+		if (flags & QSE_DIR_MBSPATH)
+			qse_printf (QSE_T("%hs\n"), dirent.name);
+		else
+			qse_printf (QSE_T("%ls\n"), dirent.name);
 	}
 
 	qse_printf (QSE_T("----------------------------------------\n"));
-	qse_dir_reset (dir, (argc < 2? QSE_T("."): argv[1]));
+	if (qse_dir_reset (dir, xdirpath) <= -1)
+	{
+		qse_printf (QSE_T("Cannot reset\n"));
+		goto oops;
+	}
+	
 
 	while (qse_dir_read (dir, &dirent) > 0)
 	{
-		qse_printf (QSE_T("%s\n"), dirent.name);
+		if (flags & QSE_DIR_MBSPATH)
+			qse_printf (QSE_T("%hs\n"), dirent.name);
+		else
+			qse_printf (QSE_T("%ls\n"), dirent.name);
 	}
+
+	QSE_MMGR_FREE(QSE_MMGR_GETDFL(), xpath);
 	qse_dir_close (dir);
 	return 0;
+
+oops:
+	if (xpath) QSE_MMGR_FREE(QSE_MMGR_GETDFL(), xpath);
+	if (dir) qse_dir_close(dir);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int dir_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
+{
+	if (list_dir (argc, argv, QSE_DIR_MBSPATH) <= -1) return -1;
+	qse_printf (QSE_T("===============================\n"));
+	if (list_dir (argc, argv, QSE_DIR_MBSPATH | QSE_DIR_SORT) <= -1) return -1;
+	qse_printf (QSE_T("===============================\n"));
+	if (list_dir (argc, argv, QSE_DIR_WCSPATH) <= -1) return -1;
+	qse_printf (QSE_T("===============================\n"));
+	if (list_dir (argc, argv, QSE_DIR_WCSPATH | QSE_DIR_SORT) <= -1) return -1;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int qse_main (int argc, qse_achar_t* argv[])
 {
+	int x;
+
 #if defined(_WIN32)
  	char locale[100];
-	UINT codepage = GetConsoleOutputCP();	
+	UINT codepage = GetConsoleOutputCP();
 	if (codepage == CP_UTF8)
 	{
 		/*SetConsoleOUtputCP (CP_UTF8);*/
@@ -44,7 +109,9 @@ int qse_main (int argc, qse_achar_t* argv[])
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		sprintf (locale, ".%u", (unsigned int)codepage);
+		/* .codepage */
+		qse_fmtuintmaxtombs (locale, QSE_COUNTOF(locale),
+			codepage, 10, -1, QSE_MT('\0'), QSE_MT("."));
 		setlocale (LC_ALL, locale);
 		qse_setdflcmgrbyid (QSE_CMGR_SLMB);
 	}
@@ -52,6 +119,13 @@ int qse_main (int argc, qse_achar_t* argv[])
 	setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
 	qse_setdflcmgrbyid (QSE_CMGR_SLMB);
 #endif
-	return qse_runmain (argc, argv, test_main);
+
+	qse_openstdsios ();
+
+	x = qse_runmain (argc, argv, dir_main);
+
+	qse_closestdsios ();
+
+	return x;
 }
 
diff --git a/qse/samples/cmn/fs02.c b/qse/samples/cmn/fs02.c
index c4c086cd..fb6c798b 100644
--- a/qse/samples/cmn/fs02.c
+++ b/qse/samples/cmn/fs02.c
@@ -5,8 +5,12 @@
 #include <qse/cmn/path.h>
 #include <qse/cmn/main.h>
 #include <qse/cmn/mbwc.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/fmt.h>
 #include <locale.h>
 
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#	include <windows.h>
+#endif
 
 static int fs_del (qse_fs_t* fs, const qse_char_t* path)
 {
@@ -110,7 +114,9 @@ int main (int argc, qse_achar_t* argv[])
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		sprintf (locale, ".%u", (unsigned int)codepage);
+		/* .codepage */
+		qse_fmtuintmaxtombs (locale, QSE_COUNTOF(locale),
+			codepage, 10, -1, QSE_MT('\0'), QSE_MT("."));
 		setlocale (LC_ALL, locale);
 		qse_setdflcmgrbyid (QSE_CMGR_SLMB);
 	}
diff --git a/qse/samples/cmn/fs03.c b/qse/samples/cmn/fs03.c
index 0e41383c..7d1e3906 100644
--- a/qse/samples/cmn/fs03.c
+++ b/qse/samples/cmn/fs03.c
@@ -6,8 +6,12 @@
 #include <qse/cmn/main.h>
 #include <qse/cmn/mbwc.h>
 #include <qse/cmn/opt.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/fmt.h>
 #include <locale.h>
 
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#	include <windows.h>
+#endif
 
 static void print_usage (const qse_char_t* argv0)
 {
@@ -109,7 +113,9 @@ int main (int argc, qse_achar_t* argv[])
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		sprintf (locale, ".%u", (unsigned int)codepage);
+		/* .codepage */
+		qse_fmtuintmaxtombs (locale, QSE_COUNTOF(locale),
+			codepage, 10, -1, QSE_MT('\0'), QSE_MT("."));
 		setlocale (LC_ALL, locale);
 		qse_setdflcmgrbyid (QSE_CMGR_SLMB);
 	}