diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/fmt-out.c b/qse/lib/cmn/fmt-out.c
index a2dcc341..f9f9cd15 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/fmt-out.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/fmt-out.c
@@ -134,6 +134,12 @@ static const qse_wchar_t* w_hex2ascii =
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
 
+/* char_t a normal character type for the format
+ * ochar_t is an opposite type to char_t 
+ * uchar_t is a normal unsigned character type */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
 #undef char_t
 #undef uchar_t
 #undef ochar_t
@@ -147,12 +153,12 @@ static const qse_wchar_t* w_hex2ascii =
 #undef fmtout
 
 #define char_t qse_mchar_t
-#define uchar_t qse_mchar_t
+#define uchar_t qse_mchau_t
 #define ochar_t qse_wchar_t
 #define T(x) QSE_MT(x)
 #define OT(x) QSE_WT(x)
 #define CONV_MAX QSE_MBLEN_MAX
-#define toupper QSE_TOUPPER
+#define toupper QSE_TOMUPPER
 #define sprintn m_sprintn
 #define fmtout_t qse_mfmtout_t
 #define fmtout qse_mfmtout
@@ -176,7 +182,7 @@ static const qse_wchar_t* w_hex2ascii =
 #undef fmtout
 
 #define char_t qse_wchar_t
-#define uchar_t qse_wchar_t
+#define uchar_t qse_wchau_t
 #define ochar_t qse_mchar_t
 #define T(x) QSE_WT(x)
 #define OT(x) QSE_MT(x)
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/fmt-out.h b/qse/lib/cmn/fmt-out.h
index c32217a6..aa190c7e 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/fmt-out.h
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/fmt-out.h
@@ -442,6 +442,8 @@ reswitch:
 			if (flagc & FLAGC_ZEROPAD) padc = T(' '); 
 			if (((lm_flag & LF_H) && (QSE_SIZEOF(char_t) > QSE_SIZEOF(ochar_t))) ||
 			    ((lm_flag & LF_L) && (QSE_SIZEOF(char_t) < QSE_SIZEOF(ochar_t)))) goto uppercase_c;
+			/* check qse_char_t(not char_t) against ochar_t */
+			if ((lm_flag & LF_J) && QSE_SIZEOF(qse_char_t) == QSE_SIZEOF(ochar_t)) goto uppercase_c;
 		lowercase_c:
 			ach = QSE_SIZEOF(char_t) < QSE_SIZEOF(int)? va_arg(ap, int): va_arg(ap, char_t);
 
@@ -464,6 +466,8 @@ reswitch:
 			if (flagc & FLAGC_ZEROPAD) padc = T(' ');
 			if (((lm_flag & LF_H) && (QSE_SIZEOF(char_t) < QSE_SIZEOF(ochar_t))) ||
 			    ((lm_flag & LF_L) && (QSE_SIZEOF(char_t) > QSE_SIZEOF(ochar_t)))) goto lowercase_c;
+			/* check qse_char_t(not char_t) against ochar_t */
+			if ((lm_flag & LF_J) && QSE_SIZEOF(qse_char_t) == QSE_SIZEOF(char_t)) goto lowercase_s;
 		uppercase_c:
 			oach = QSE_SIZEOF(ochar_t) < QSE_SIZEOF(int)? va_arg(ap, int): va_arg(ap, ochar_t);
 
@@ -508,8 +512,14 @@ reswitch:
 			if (flagc & FLAGC_ZEROPAD) padc = T(' ');
 			if (((lm_flag & LF_H) && (QSE_SIZEOF(char_t) > QSE_SIZEOF(ochar_t))) ||
 			    ((lm_flag & LF_L) && (QSE_SIZEOF(char_t) < QSE_SIZEOF(ochar_t)))) goto uppercase_s;
+			/* check qse_char_t(not char_t) against ochar_t */
+			if ((lm_flag & LF_J) && QSE_SIZEOF(qse_char_t) == QSE_SIZEOF(ochar_t)) goto uppercase_s;
+
+
+			/* falls down here if lm_flag & LF_J */
+		
 		lowercase_s:
-			sp = va_arg (ap, char_t*);
+			sp = va_arg(ap, char_t*);
 			if (sp == QSE_NULL) p = T("(null)");
 
 		print_lowercase_s:
@@ -540,8 +550,9 @@ reswitch:
 			if (flagc & FLAGC_ZEROPAD) padc = T(' ');
 			if (((lm_flag & LF_H) && (QSE_SIZEOF(char_t) < QSE_SIZEOF(ochar_t))) ||
 			    ((lm_flag & LF_L) && (QSE_SIZEOF(char_t) > QSE_SIZEOF(ochar_t)))) goto lowercase_s;
+			/* check qse_char_t(not char_t) against ochar_t */
+			if ((lm_flag & LF_J) && QSE_SIZEOF(qse_char_t) == QSE_SIZEOF(char_t)) goto lowercase_s;
 		uppercase_s:
-
 			osp = va_arg (ap, ochar_t*);
 			if (osp == QSE_NULL) osp = OT("(null)");