diff --git a/qse/doc/page/awk-embed.md b/qse/doc/page/awk-embed.md
index a2230296..9f6fddc3 100644
--- a/qse/doc/page/awk-embed.md
+++ b/qse/doc/page/awk-embed.md
@@ -129,17 +129,36 @@ returned with qse_awk_rtx_getfirstmapvalitr() and qse_awk_rtx_getnextmapvalitr()
 
  \includelineno awk07.c
 
-Global Variables
-----------------
+Built-in Global Variables
+--------------------------
 
-You can add built-in global variables with qse_awk_addgbl().
-Use qse_awk_getgbl() to get information. 
+QSEAWK predefines global variables such as *SUBSEP* and *ARGC*.  You can add 
+your own built-in variables in the global scope with qse_awk_addgbl(). You 
+must add new variables before qse_awk_parse() or qse_awk_parsestd(). Later,
+you can get the values of the global variables using qse_awk_rtx_getgbl()
+with an ID returned by qse_awk_addgbl(). The IDs of the predefined global 
+variables are available as the ::qse_awk_gbl_id_t type values
+
+ \includelineno awk08.c
 
 Built-in Functions
 ------------------
 
-You can add built-in functions with qse_awk_addfnc().
-On the other hand, modular built-in functions reside in a shared object.
+QSEAWK predefines built-in functions like *match*. You can add your own 
+built-in function with qse_awk_addfnc(). The following sample shows how to add
+a function named *basename* that get the base file name part of a path name.
+
+ \includelineno awk09.c
+
+In the sample above, the *basename* function returns a resulting string. In 
+case of any implemenation errors, it would cause the runtime context to abort
+with an error since it returned -1. To avoid the situation, you may change
+the way basename() works by defining it to return the resulting string via
+the second parameter and return 0 or -1 as a return value. For the arguements
+to pass by reference, you can specify the letter *r* into the *arg.spec* field
+at the argument position.
+
+ \includelineno awk10.c
 
 Single Script over Multiple Data Streams
 ----------------------------------------
@@ -153,9 +172,10 @@ Creating multiple awk objects
 Memory Pool
 -----------
 
-Locale
-------
+Writing Modules
+---------------
 
+modular built-in functions and variables reside in a shared object.
 
 Embedding in C++
 -----------------
@@ -215,10 +235,6 @@ In 0.6.X, it accepts an array of scripts.
     psin[1].type = QSE_AWK_PARSESTD_STR;
     qse_awk_parsestd (awk, psin, QSE_NULL)
 
-### qse_awk_parsestd_t ###
-
-the cmgr field moved from the union member file to the outer structure.
-
 ### 0 upon Opening ###
 I/O handlers can return 0 for success upon opening.
 
@@ -237,6 +253,9 @@ I/O handlers can return 0 for success upon opening.
 \example awk05.c
 \example awk06.c
 \example awk07.c
+\example awk08.c
+\example awk09.c
+\example awk10.c
 \example awk21.cpp
 \example awk22.cpp
 \example awk23.cpp
diff --git a/qse/doc/page/sed-embed.md b/qse/doc/page/sed-embed.md
index 5f71a474..31ea5e78 100644
--- a/qse/doc/page/sed-embed.md
+++ b/qse/doc/page/sed-embed.md
@@ -83,6 +83,11 @@ how to embed QSE::StdSed for stream editing.
 
  \includelineno sed21.cpp
 
+The following sample shows how to inherit QSE::StdSed and and create a 
+customized stream editor.
+
+ \includelineno sed22.cpp
+
 
 
 
@@ -93,3 +98,4 @@ how to embed QSE::StdSed for stream editing.
 \example sed02.c
 \example sed03.c
 \example sed21.cpp
+\example sed22.cpp
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/sed/Sed.hpp b/qse/include/qse/sed/Sed.hpp
index 74a417d2..625164e4 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/sed/Sed.hpp
+++ b/qse/include/qse/sed/Sed.hpp
@@ -24,11 +24,13 @@
 #include <qse/cmn/Mmged.hpp>
 #include <qse/sed/sed.h>
 
-/** @file
- * This file defines C++ classes that you can use when you create a stream
- * editor. The C++ classes encapsulates the C data types and functions in 
- * a more object-oriented manner.
- */
+/// \file
+/// This file defines C++ classes that you can use when you create a stream
+/// editor. The C++ classes encapsulates the C data types and functions in 
+/// a more object-oriented manner.
+///
+/// \todo support sed tracer
+///
 
 /////////////////////////////////
 QSE_BEGIN_NAMESPACE(QSE)
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ public:
 			void setHandle (void* handle) { this->arg->handle = handle; }
 
 			/// The getName() function returns an I/O name.
-			/// @return #QSE_NULL for the main data stream,
+			/// \return #QSE_NULL for the main data stream,
 			///         file path for explicit file stream
 			const char_t* getName () const { return this->arg->path; }
 
@@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ public:
 
 		/// The open() function should be implemented by a subclass
 		/// to open a stream. It can get the mode requested by calling
-		/// the Data::getMode() function over the I/O parameter @a io.
+		/// the Data::getMode() function over the I/O parameter \a io.
 		///
 		/// The return value of 0 may look a bit tricky. Easygoers 
 		/// can just return 1 on success and never return 0 from open().
@@ -134,7 +136,7 @@ public:
 		///   failure after having called close() as it cannot write
 		///   further on EOF.
 		///
-		/// @return -1 on failure, 1 on success, 
+		/// \return -1 on failure, 1 on success, 
 		///         0 on success but reached EOF.
 		virtual int open (Data& io) = 0;
 
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ public:
 
 	///
 	/// The ~Sed() function destroys a stream editor. 
-	/// @note The close() function is not called by this destructor.
+	/// \note The close() function is not called by this destructor.
 	///       To avoid resource leaks, You should call close() before
 	///       a stream editor is destroyed if it has been initialized
 	///       with open().
@@ -167,7 +169,7 @@ public:
 	///
 	/// The open() function initializes a stream editor and makes it
 	/// ready for subsequent use.
-	/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+	/// \return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
 	///
 	int open ();
 
@@ -178,15 +180,15 @@ public:
 
 	///
 	/// The compile() function compiles a script from a stream 
-	/// @a iostream.
-	/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure
+	/// \a iostream.
+	/// \return 0 on success, -1 on failure
 	///
 	int compile (Stream& sstream);
 
 	///
 	/// The execute() function executes compiled commands over the I/O
 	/// streams defined through I/O handlers
-	/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure
+	/// \return 0 on success, -1 on failure
 	///
 	int execute (Stream& iostream);
 
@@ -205,36 +207,18 @@ public:
 
 	///
 	/// The getTrait() function gets the current traits.
-	/// @return 0 or current options ORed of #trait_t enumerators.
+	/// \return 0 or current options ORed of #trait_t enumerators.
 	///
 	int getTrait () const;
 
 	///
 	/// The setTrait() function sets traits for a stream editor.
-	/// The option code @a opt is 0 or OR'ed of #trait_t enumerators.
+	/// The option code \a opt is 0 or OR'ed of #trait_t enumerators.
 	///
 	void setTrait (
 		int trait ///< option code
 	);
 
-#if 0
-	///
-	/// The getMaxDepth() function gets the maximum processing depth for
-	/// an operation type identified by @a id.
-	///
-	size_t getMaxDepth (
-		depth_t id ///< operation type
-	) const;
-
-	///
-	/// The setMaxDepth() function gets the maximum processing depth.
-	///
-	void setMaxDepth (
-		int    ids,  ///< 0 or a number OR'ed of depth_t values
-		size_t depth ///< 0 maximum depth
-	);
-#endif
-
 	///
 	/// The getErrorMessage() function gets the description of the last 
 	/// error occurred. It returns an empty string if the stream editor
@@ -276,7 +260,7 @@ public:
 	///
 	/// The getConsoleLine() function returns the current line
 	/// number from an input console. 
-	/// @return current line number
+	/// \return current line number
 	///
 	size_t getConsoleLine ();
 
@@ -291,7 +275,7 @@ public:
 protected:
 	///
 	/// The getErrorString() function returns an error formatting string
-	/// for the error number @a num. A subclass wishing to customize
+	/// for the error number \a num. A subclass wishing to customize
 	/// an error formatting string may override this function.
 	/// 
 	virtual const char_t* getErrorString (
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/sed/StdSed.hpp b/qse/include/qse/sed/StdSed.hpp
index 38e8a147..4c10dfc7 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/sed/StdSed.hpp
+++ b/qse/include/qse/sed/StdSed.hpp
@@ -25,10 +25,11 @@
 #include <qse/cmn/StdMmgr.hpp>
 #include <qse/cmn/str.h>
 
-/** @file
- * This file defines easier-to-use stream editor classes providing standard
- * memory management and I/O handling.
- */
+///
+/// @file
+/// This file defines easier-to-use stream editor classes providing standard
+/// memory management and I/O handling.
+///
 
 /////////////////////////////////
 QSE_BEGIN_NAMESPACE(QSE)
diff --git a/qse/lib/sed/Sed.cpp b/qse/lib/sed/Sed.cpp
index e0f5b871..ded8c17b 100644
--- a/qse/lib/sed/Sed.cpp
+++ b/qse/lib/sed/Sed.cpp
@@ -90,21 +90,6 @@ void Sed::setTrait (int trait)
 	qse_sed_setopt (sed, QSE_SED_TRAIT, &trait);
 }
 
-
-#if 0
-Sed::size_t Sed::getMaxDepth (depth_t id) const
-{
-	QSE_ASSERT (sed != QSE_NULL);
-	return qse_sed_getmaxdepth (sed, id);
-}
-
-void Sed::setMaxDepth (int ids, size_t depth)
-{
-	QSE_ASSERT (sed != QSE_NULL);
-	qse_sed_setmaxdepth (sed, ids, depth);
-}
-#endif
-
 const Sed::char_t* Sed::getErrorMessage () const
 {
 	return (sed == QSE_NULL)? QSE_T(""): qse_sed_geterrmsg (sed);
diff --git a/qse/samples/awk/Makefile.am b/qse/samples/awk/Makefile.am
index 34280392..4badf93b 100644
--- a/qse/samples/awk/Makefile.am
+++ b/qse/samples/awk/Makefile.am
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ AM_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-I$(top_srcdir)/include \
 	-I$(includedir)
 
-bin_PROGRAMS = awk01 awk02 awk03 awk04 awk05 awk06 awk07 awk09 awk11 awk15
+bin_PROGRAMS = awk01 awk02 awk03 awk04 awk05 awk06 awk07 awk08 awk09 awk10 awk11 awk12 awk15
 
 LDFLAGS = -L../../lib/awk -L../../lib/cmn
 LDADD = -lqseawk -lqsecmn $(LIBM)
@@ -16,16 +16,20 @@ LDADD += $(UNICOWS_LIBS)
 endif
 endif
 
+CMNFILES = awk00.c awk00.h
 awk01_SOURCES = awk01.c 
-awk02_SOURCES = awk02.c awk00.c awk00.h
-awk03_SOURCES = awk03.c awk00.c awk00.h
-awk04_SOURCES = awk04.c awk00.c awk00.h
-awk05_SOURCES = awk05.c awk00.c awk00.h
-awk06_SOURCES = awk06.c awk00.c awk00.h
-awk07_SOURCES = awk07.c awk00.c awk00.h
-awk09_SOURCES = awk09.c awk00.c awk00.h
-awk11_SOURCES = awk11.c awk00.c awk00.h
-awk15_SOURCES = awk15.c awk00.c awk00.h
+awk02_SOURCES = awk02.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk03_SOURCES = awk03.c $(CMNFILES) 
+awk04_SOURCES = awk04.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk05_SOURCES = awk05.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk06_SOURCES = awk06.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk07_SOURCES = awk07.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk08_SOURCES = awk08.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk09_SOURCES = awk09.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk10_SOURCES = awk10.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk11_SOURCES = awk11.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk12_SOURCES = awk12.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk15_SOURCES = awk15.c $(CMNFILES)
 
 if ENABLE_CXX
 
diff --git a/qse/samples/awk/Makefile.in b/qse/samples/awk/Makefile.in
index 0b899b01..97ce4d74 100644
--- a/qse/samples/awk/Makefile.in
+++ b/qse/samples/awk/Makefile.in
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ build_triplet = @build@
 host_triplet = @host@
 bin_PROGRAMS = awk01$(EXEEXT) awk02$(EXEEXT) awk03$(EXEEXT) \
 	awk04$(EXEEXT) awk05$(EXEEXT) awk06$(EXEEXT) awk07$(EXEEXT) \
-	awk09$(EXEEXT) awk11$(EXEEXT) awk15$(EXEEXT) $(am__EXEEXT_1)
+	awk08$(EXEEXT) awk09$(EXEEXT) awk10$(EXEEXT) awk11$(EXEEXT) \
+	awk12$(EXEEXT) awk15$(EXEEXT) $(am__EXEEXT_1)
 @WCHAR_TRUE@@WIN32_TRUE@am__append_1 = $(UNICOWS_LIBS)
 @ENABLE_CXX_TRUE@am__append_2 = awk21 awk22 awk23 awk24 awk25 awk26 awk27 awk28
 subdir = samples/awk
@@ -65,39 +66,52 @@ awk01_LDADD = $(LDADD)
 am__DEPENDENCIES_1 =
 @WCHAR_TRUE@@WIN32_TRUE@am__DEPENDENCIES_2 = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1)
 awk01_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
-am_awk02_OBJECTS = awk02.$(OBJEXT) awk00.$(OBJEXT)
+am__objects_1 = awk00.$(OBJEXT)
+am_awk02_OBJECTS = awk02.$(OBJEXT) $(am__objects_1)
 awk02_OBJECTS = $(am_awk02_OBJECTS)
 awk02_LDADD = $(LDADD)
 awk02_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
-am_awk03_OBJECTS = awk03.$(OBJEXT) awk00.$(OBJEXT)
+am_awk03_OBJECTS = awk03.$(OBJEXT) $(am__objects_1)
 awk03_OBJECTS = $(am_awk03_OBJECTS)
 awk03_LDADD = $(LDADD)
 awk03_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
-am_awk04_OBJECTS = awk04.$(OBJEXT) awk00.$(OBJEXT)
+am_awk04_OBJECTS = awk04.$(OBJEXT) $(am__objects_1)
 awk04_OBJECTS = $(am_awk04_OBJECTS)
 awk04_LDADD = $(LDADD)
 awk04_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
-am_awk05_OBJECTS = awk05.$(OBJEXT) awk00.$(OBJEXT)
+am_awk05_OBJECTS = awk05.$(OBJEXT) $(am__objects_1)
 awk05_OBJECTS = $(am_awk05_OBJECTS)
 awk05_LDADD = $(LDADD)
 awk05_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
-am_awk06_OBJECTS = awk06.$(OBJEXT) awk00.$(OBJEXT)
+am_awk06_OBJECTS = awk06.$(OBJEXT) $(am__objects_1)
 awk06_OBJECTS = $(am_awk06_OBJECTS)
 awk06_LDADD = $(LDADD)
 awk06_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
-am_awk07_OBJECTS = awk07.$(OBJEXT) awk00.$(OBJEXT)
+am_awk07_OBJECTS = awk07.$(OBJEXT) $(am__objects_1)
 awk07_OBJECTS = $(am_awk07_OBJECTS)
 awk07_LDADD = $(LDADD)
 awk07_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
-am_awk09_OBJECTS = awk09.$(OBJEXT) awk00.$(OBJEXT)
+am_awk08_OBJECTS = awk08.$(OBJEXT) $(am__objects_1)
+awk08_OBJECTS = $(am_awk08_OBJECTS)
+awk08_LDADD = $(LDADD)
+awk08_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
+am_awk09_OBJECTS = awk09.$(OBJEXT) $(am__objects_1)
 awk09_OBJECTS = $(am_awk09_OBJECTS)
 awk09_LDADD = $(LDADD)
 awk09_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
-am_awk11_OBJECTS = awk11.$(OBJEXT) awk00.$(OBJEXT)
+am_awk10_OBJECTS = awk10.$(OBJEXT) $(am__objects_1)
+awk10_OBJECTS = $(am_awk10_OBJECTS)
+awk10_LDADD = $(LDADD)
+awk10_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
+am_awk11_OBJECTS = awk11.$(OBJEXT) $(am__objects_1)
 awk11_OBJECTS = $(am_awk11_OBJECTS)
 awk11_LDADD = $(LDADD)
 awk11_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
-am_awk15_OBJECTS = awk15.$(OBJEXT) awk00.$(OBJEXT)
+am_awk12_OBJECTS = awk12.$(OBJEXT) $(am__objects_1)
+awk12_OBJECTS = $(am_awk12_OBJECTS)
+awk12_LDADD = $(LDADD)
+awk12_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
+am_awk15_OBJECTS = awk15.$(OBJEXT) $(am__objects_1)
 awk15_OBJECTS = $(am_awk15_OBJECTS)
 awk15_LDADD = $(LDADD)
 awk15_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_1) $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
@@ -166,13 +180,15 @@ CXXLINK = $(LIBTOOL) --tag=CXX $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) $(LIBTOOLFLAGS) \
 	$(LDFLAGS) -o $@
 SOURCES = $(awk01_SOURCES) $(awk02_SOURCES) $(awk03_SOURCES) \
 	$(awk04_SOURCES) $(awk05_SOURCES) $(awk06_SOURCES) \
-	$(awk07_SOURCES) $(awk09_SOURCES) $(awk11_SOURCES) \
+	$(awk07_SOURCES) $(awk08_SOURCES) $(awk09_SOURCES) \
+	$(awk10_SOURCES) $(awk11_SOURCES) $(awk12_SOURCES) \
 	$(awk15_SOURCES) $(awk21_SOURCES) $(awk22_SOURCES) \
 	$(awk23_SOURCES) $(awk24_SOURCES) $(awk25_SOURCES) \
 	$(awk26_SOURCES) $(awk27_SOURCES) $(awk28_SOURCES)
 DIST_SOURCES = $(awk01_SOURCES) $(awk02_SOURCES) $(awk03_SOURCES) \
 	$(awk04_SOURCES) $(awk05_SOURCES) $(awk06_SOURCES) \
-	$(awk07_SOURCES) $(awk09_SOURCES) $(awk11_SOURCES) \
+	$(awk07_SOURCES) $(awk08_SOURCES) $(awk09_SOURCES) \
+	$(awk10_SOURCES) $(awk11_SOURCES) $(awk12_SOURCES) \
 	$(awk15_SOURCES) $(am__awk21_SOURCES_DIST) \
 	$(am__awk22_SOURCES_DIST) $(am__awk23_SOURCES_DIST) \
 	$(am__awk24_SOURCES_DIST) $(am__awk25_SOURCES_DIST) \
@@ -361,16 +377,20 @@ AM_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-I$(includedir)
 
 LDADD = -lqseawk -lqsecmn $(LIBM) $(am__append_1)
+CMNFILES = awk00.c awk00.h
 awk01_SOURCES = awk01.c 
-awk02_SOURCES = awk02.c awk00.c awk00.h
-awk03_SOURCES = awk03.c awk00.c awk00.h
-awk04_SOURCES = awk04.c awk00.c awk00.h
-awk05_SOURCES = awk05.c awk00.c awk00.h
-awk06_SOURCES = awk06.c awk00.c awk00.h
-awk07_SOURCES = awk07.c awk00.c awk00.h
-awk09_SOURCES = awk09.c awk00.c awk00.h
-awk11_SOURCES = awk11.c awk00.c awk00.h
-awk15_SOURCES = awk15.c awk00.c awk00.h
+awk02_SOURCES = awk02.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk03_SOURCES = awk03.c $(CMNFILES) 
+awk04_SOURCES = awk04.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk05_SOURCES = awk05.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk06_SOURCES = awk06.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk07_SOURCES = awk07.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk08_SOURCES = awk08.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk09_SOURCES = awk09.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk10_SOURCES = awk10.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk11_SOURCES = awk11.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk12_SOURCES = awk12.c $(CMNFILES)
+awk15_SOURCES = awk15.c $(CMNFILES)
 @ENABLE_CXX_TRUE@CXXLIB = -lqseawkxx -lqsecmnxx
 @ENABLE_CXX_TRUE@awk21_SOURCES = awk21.cpp
 @ENABLE_CXX_TRUE@awk22_SOURCES = awk22.cpp
@@ -486,12 +506,21 @@ awk06$(EXEEXT): $(awk06_OBJECTS) $(awk06_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_awk06_DEPENDENCIE
 awk07$(EXEEXT): $(awk07_OBJECTS) $(awk07_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_awk07_DEPENDENCIES) 
 	@rm -f awk07$(EXEEXT)
 	$(LINK) $(awk07_OBJECTS) $(awk07_LDADD) $(LIBS)
+awk08$(EXEEXT): $(awk08_OBJECTS) $(awk08_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_awk08_DEPENDENCIES) 
+	@rm -f awk08$(EXEEXT)
+	$(LINK) $(awk08_OBJECTS) $(awk08_LDADD) $(LIBS)
 awk09$(EXEEXT): $(awk09_OBJECTS) $(awk09_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_awk09_DEPENDENCIES) 
 	@rm -f awk09$(EXEEXT)
 	$(LINK) $(awk09_OBJECTS) $(awk09_LDADD) $(LIBS)
+awk10$(EXEEXT): $(awk10_OBJECTS) $(awk10_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_awk10_DEPENDENCIES) 
+	@rm -f awk10$(EXEEXT)
+	$(LINK) $(awk10_OBJECTS) $(awk10_LDADD) $(LIBS)
 awk11$(EXEEXT): $(awk11_OBJECTS) $(awk11_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_awk11_DEPENDENCIES) 
 	@rm -f awk11$(EXEEXT)
 	$(LINK) $(awk11_OBJECTS) $(awk11_LDADD) $(LIBS)
+awk12$(EXEEXT): $(awk12_OBJECTS) $(awk12_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_awk12_DEPENDENCIES) 
+	@rm -f awk12$(EXEEXT)
+	$(LINK) $(awk12_OBJECTS) $(awk12_LDADD) $(LIBS)
 awk15$(EXEEXT): $(awk15_OBJECTS) $(awk15_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_awk15_DEPENDENCIES) 
 	@rm -f awk15$(EXEEXT)
 	$(LINK) $(awk15_OBJECTS) $(awk15_LDADD) $(LIBS)
@@ -534,8 +563,11 @@ distclean-compile:
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/awk05.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/awk06.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/awk07.Po@am__quote@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/awk08.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/awk09.Po@am__quote@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/awk10.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/awk11.Po@am__quote@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/awk12.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/awk15.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/awk21.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/awk22.Po@am__quote@
diff --git a/qse/samples/awk/awk02.c b/qse/samples/awk/awk02.c
index 20d69327..710bd266 100644
--- a/qse/samples/awk/awk02.c
+++ b/qse/samples/awk/awk02.c
@@ -101,8 +101,7 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	/* parse a script in a string */
 	if (qse_awk_parsestd (awk, psin, QSE_NULL) <= -1)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
 		goto oops;
 	}
 
diff --git a/qse/samples/awk/awk03.c b/qse/samples/awk/awk03.c
index d7785faf..499a6f50 100644
--- a/qse/samples/awk/awk03.c
+++ b/qse/samples/awk/awk03.c
@@ -109,8 +109,7 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	/* parse a script in a string */
 	if (qse_awk_parsestd (awk, psin, QSE_NULL) <= -1)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
 		goto oops;
 	}
 
@@ -125,8 +124,7 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	);
 	if (rtx == QSE_NULL) 
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
 		goto oops;
 	}
 
@@ -148,19 +146,19 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	retv = qse_awk_rtx_loop (rtx);
 	if (retv == QSE_NULL)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
 		goto oops;
 	}
 
 	/* decrement the reference count of the return value */
 	qse_awk_rtx_refdownval (rtx, retv);
-	ret = 0;
 
-oops:
 	/* the buffer is available during the runtime context is alive */
 	qse_printf (QSE_T("Console Output:\n================\n%.*s\n"), (int)con->conoutpos, con->conout);
 
+	ret = 0;
+
+oops:
 	/* destroy the runtime context */
 	if (rtx) qse_awk_rtx_close (rtx);
 
diff --git a/qse/samples/awk/awk04.c b/qse/samples/awk/awk04.c
index faefa397..7eee7602 100644
--- a/qse/samples/awk/awk04.c
+++ b/qse/samples/awk/awk04.c
@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	qse_awk_t* awk = QSE_NULL;
 	qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx = QSE_NULL;
 	qse_awk_parsestd_t psin[2];
-	int ret, i, opt;
+	int ret = -1, i, opt;
 
 	/* create an awk object */
 	awk = qse_awk_openstd (0);
 	if (awk == QSE_NULL)  
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: cannot open awk\n"));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: cannot open awk\n"));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 
 	/* get the awk's trait */
@@ -48,10 +48,9 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	psin[1].type = QSE_AWK_PARSESTD_NULL;
 
 	/* parse a script */
-	ret = qse_awk_parsestd (awk, psin, QSE_NULL);
-	if (ret == -1)
+	if (qse_awk_parsestd (awk, psin, QSE_NULL) <= -1)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), 
 			qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
 		goto oops;
 	}
@@ -67,9 +66,8 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	);
 	if (rtx == QSE_NULL) 
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 	
 	/* call init() initially, followed by 4 calls to main(), 
@@ -84,9 +82,8 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 		v = qse_awk_rtx_call (rtx, fnc[i], QSE_NULL, 0);
 		if (v == QSE_NULL)
 		{
-			qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-				qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
-			ret = -1; goto oops;
+			qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+			goto oops;
 		}
 
 		/* convert the return value to a string with duplication */
@@ -97,9 +94,8 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 
 		if (str == QSE_NULL)
 		{
-			qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-				qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
-			ret = -1; goto oops;
+			qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+			goto oops;
 		}
 
 		/* print the return value */
@@ -109,9 +105,12 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 		qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, str);
 	}	
 
+	ret = 0;
+
 oops:
 	/* destroy a runtime context */
 	if (rtx) qse_awk_rtx_close (rtx);
+
 	/* destroy the awk object */
 	if (awk) qse_awk_close (awk);
 
diff --git a/qse/samples/awk/awk05.c b/qse/samples/awk/awk05.c
index 3dc661b9..903cb9ff 100644
--- a/qse/samples/awk/awk05.c
+++ b/qse/samples/awk/awk05.c
@@ -14,16 +14,16 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	qse_awk_parsestd_t psin[2];
 	qse_char_t* str;
 	qse_size_t len;
-	qse_awk_val_t* rtv = QSE_NULL;
+	qse_awk_val_t* rtv;
 	qse_awk_val_t* arg[2] = { QSE_NULL, QSE_NULL };
-	int ret, i, opt;
+	int ret = -1, i, opt;
 
 	/* create an awk object */
 	awk = qse_awk_openstd (0);
 	if (awk == QSE_NULL)  
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: cannot open awk\n"));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: cannot open awk\n"));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 
 	/* get the awk's trait */
@@ -40,11 +40,9 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	psin[1].type = QSE_AWK_PARSESTD_NULL;
 
 	/* parse the script */
-	ret = qse_awk_parsestd (awk, psin, QSE_NULL);
-	if (ret == -1)
+	if  (qse_awk_parsestd (awk, psin, QSE_NULL) <= -1)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
 		goto oops;
 	}
 
@@ -59,18 +57,16 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	);
 	if (rtx == QSE_NULL) 
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 	
 	/* create the first argument to the pow function to call */
 	arg[0] = qse_awk_rtx_makeintval (rtx, 50);
 	if (arg[0] == QSE_NULL)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 	qse_awk_rtx_refupval (rtx, arg[0]);
 
@@ -78,9 +74,8 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	arg[1] = qse_awk_rtx_makeintval (rtx, 3);
 	if (arg[1] == QSE_NULL)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 	qse_awk_rtx_refupval (rtx, arg[1]);
 
@@ -88,9 +83,8 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	rtv = qse_awk_rtx_call (rtx, QSE_T("pow"), arg, 2);
 	if (rtv == QSE_NULL)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 
 	/* duplicate the return value to a string */
@@ -101,9 +95,8 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 
 	if (str == QSE_NULL)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 
 	qse_printf (QSE_T("[%.*s]\n"), (int)len, str);
@@ -111,6 +104,8 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	/* destroy the duplicated string  */
 	qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, str);
 
+	ret = 0;
+
 oops:
 	/* dereference all arguments */
 	for (i = 0; i < QSE_COUNTOF(arg); i++)
@@ -120,6 +115,7 @@ oops:
 
 	/* destroy a runtime context */
 	if (rtx) qse_awk_rtx_close (rtx);
+
 	/* destroy the processor */
 	if (awk) qse_awk_close (awk);
 
diff --git a/qse/samples/awk/awk06.c b/qse/samples/awk/awk06.c
index f9eb8bbb..db9d643e 100644
--- a/qse/samples/awk/awk06.c
+++ b/qse/samples/awk/awk06.c
@@ -14,17 +14,17 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	qse_awk_parsestd_t psin[2];
 	qse_char_t* str;
 	qse_size_t len;
-	qse_awk_val_t* rtv = QSE_NULL;
+	qse_awk_val_t* rtv;
 	qse_awk_val_t* arg[2] = { QSE_NULL, QSE_NULL };
-	int ret, i, opt;
+	int ret = -1, i, opt;
 	qse_awk_fun_t* fun;
 
 	/* create an awk object */
 	awk = qse_awk_openstd (0);
 	if (awk == QSE_NULL)  
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: cannot open awk\n"));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: cannot open awk\n"));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 
 	/* get the awk's trait */
@@ -41,11 +41,9 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	psin[1].type = QSE_AWK_PARSESTD_NULL;
 
 	/* parse the script */
-	ret = qse_awk_parsestd (awk, psin, QSE_NULL);
-	if (ret == -1)
+	if (qse_awk_parsestd (awk, psin, QSE_NULL) <= -1)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
 		goto oops;
 	}
 
@@ -60,18 +58,16 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	);
 	if (rtx == QSE_NULL) 
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 	
 	/* create the first argument to the pow function to call */
 	arg[0] = qse_awk_rtx_makeintval (rtx, 50);
 	if (arg[0] == QSE_NULL)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 	qse_awk_rtx_refupval (rtx, arg[0]);
 
@@ -79,9 +75,8 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	arg[1] = qse_awk_rtx_makeintval (rtx, 3);
 	if (arg[1] == QSE_NULL)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 	qse_awk_rtx_refupval (rtx, arg[1]);
 
@@ -89,18 +84,16 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	fun = qse_awk_rtx_findfun (rtx, QSE_T("pow"));
 	if (fun == QSE_NULL)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 
 	/* call the function found */
 	rtv = qse_awk_rtx_callfun (rtx, fun, arg, 2);
 	if (rtv == QSE_NULL)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 
 	/* duplicate the return value to a string */
@@ -111,9 +104,8 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 
 	if (str == QSE_NULL)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 
 	qse_printf (QSE_T("[%.*s]\n"), (int)len, str);
@@ -121,6 +113,8 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	/* destroy the duplicated string  */
 	qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, str);
 
+	ret = 0;
+
 oops:
 	/* dereference all arguments */
 	for (i = 0; i < QSE_COUNTOF(arg); i++)
@@ -130,6 +124,7 @@ oops:
 
 	/* destroy a runtime context */
 	if (rtx) qse_awk_rtx_close (rtx);
+
 	/* destroy the processor */
 	if (awk) qse_awk_close (awk);
 
diff --git a/qse/samples/awk/awk07.c b/qse/samples/awk/awk07.c
index 15b432af..9ecb5d95 100644
--- a/qse/samples/awk/awk07.c
+++ b/qse/samples/awk/awk07.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	qse_awk_parsestd_t psin[2];
 	qse_awk_val_t* rtv = QSE_NULL;
 	qse_awk_val_t* arg = QSE_NULL;
-	int ret, opt;
+	int ret = -1, opt;
 
 	/* this structure is passed to qse_awk_rtx_makemapvalwithdata() */
 	qse_awk_val_map_data_t md[] =
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	awk = qse_awk_openstd (0);
 	if (awk == QSE_NULL)  
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: cannot open awk\n"));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: cannot open awk\n"));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 
 	/* get the awk's trait */
@@ -47,11 +47,9 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	psin[1].type = QSE_AWK_PARSESTD_NULL;
 
 	/* parse the script */
-	ret = qse_awk_parsestd (awk, psin, QSE_NULL);
-	if (ret == -1)
+	if (qse_awk_parsestd (awk, psin, QSE_NULL) <= -1)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
 		goto oops;
 	}
 
@@ -67,18 +65,16 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	);
 	if (rtx == QSE_NULL) 
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 	
 	/* create a map value to pass as an argument */
 	arg = qse_awk_rtx_makemapvalwithdata (rtx, md);
 	if (arg == QSE_NULL)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 	qse_awk_rtx_refupval (rtx, arg);
 	
@@ -86,9 +82,8 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 	rtv = qse_awk_rtx_call (rtx, QSE_T("dump"), &arg, 1);
 	if (rtv == QSE_NULL)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
-		ret = -1; goto oops;
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		goto oops;
 	}
 
 	if (rtv->type == QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP)
@@ -110,9 +105,8 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 				rtx, QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP_ITR_VAL(iptr), &str.len);
 			if (str.ptr == QSE_NULL)
 			{
-				qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-					qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
-				ret = -1; goto oops;
+				qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+				goto oops;
 			}
 	
 			/* #QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP_ITR_KEY returns the key part */
@@ -136,15 +130,16 @@ static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 		str.ptr = qse_awk_rtx_valtostrdup (rtx, rtv, &str.len);
 		if (str.ptr == QSE_NULL)
 		{
-			qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("error: %s\n"), 
-				qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
-			ret = -1; goto oops;
+			qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+			goto oops;
 		}
 	
 		qse_printf (QSE_T("ret [%.*s]\n"), (int)str.len, str.ptr);
 		qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, str.ptr);
 	}
 
+	ret = 0;
+
 oops:
 	/* clear the return value */
 	if (rtv) qse_awk_rtx_refdownval (rtx, rtv);
diff --git a/qse/samples/awk/awk08.c b/qse/samples/awk/awk08.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..36eebae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/qse/samples/awk/awk08.c
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#include <qse/awk/std.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/main.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/stdio.h>
+#include "awk00.h"
+
+static const qse_char_t* src = QSE_T(
+	"BEGIN { G0 = 10; G1 = \"hello, world\"; G2 = sin(90); match (\"abcdefg\", /[c-f]+/); }"
+);
+
+struct ginfo_t
+{
+	int g[3];
+};
+
+typedef struct ginfo_t ginfo_t;
+
+static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
+{
+	qse_awk_t* awk = QSE_NULL;
+	qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx = QSE_NULL;
+	qse_awk_parsestd_t psin[2];
+	qse_char_t* str;
+	qse_size_t len;
+	qse_awk_val_t* rtv;
+	int ret = -1, i;
+	ginfo_t* ginfo;
+
+	/* create an awk object */
+	awk = qse_awk_openstd (QSE_SIZEOF(*ginfo));
+	if (awk == QSE_NULL)  
+	{
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: cannot open awk\n"));
+		goto oops;
+	}
+
+	/* add global variables G1, G2, and G3. store the IDs to the extension 
+	 * area. the extension area is used for demonstration. there is no special
+	 * need to use it when adding global variables. */
+	ginfo = qse_awk_getxtnstd (awk);
+	for (i = 0; i < QSE_COUNTOF(ginfo->g); i++)
+	{
+		qse_char_t name[] = QSE_T("GX");
+		name[1] = QSE_T('0') + i; 
+		ginfo->g[i] = qse_awk_addgbl (awk, name);
+		if (ginfo->g[i] <= -1)
+		{
+			qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+			goto oops;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* prepare an awk script to parse */
+	psin[0].type = QSE_AWK_PARSESTD_STR;
+	psin[0].u.str.ptr = src;
+	psin[0].u.str.len = qse_strlen(src);
+	psin[1].type = QSE_AWK_PARSESTD_NULL;
+
+	/* parse the script */
+	if (qse_awk_parsestd (awk, psin, QSE_NULL) <= -1)
+	{
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		goto oops;
+	}
+
+	/* create a runtime context */
+	rtx = qse_awk_rtx_openstd (
+		awk, 
+		0,
+		QSE_T("awk08"), 
+		QSE_NULL, /* stdin */
+		QSE_NULL, /* stdout */
+		QSE_NULL  /* default cmgr */
+	);
+	if (rtx == QSE_NULL) 
+	{
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		goto oops;
+	}
+	
+	/* execute the script over the standard data streams */
+	rtv = qse_awk_rtx_loop (rtx);
+	if (rtv == QSE_NULL)
+	{
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		goto oops;
+	}
+
+	/* clear the return value */
+	qse_awk_rtx_refdownval (rtx, rtv);
+
+	/* get the values of built-in global variables
+	 * and print them */
+	for (i = 0; i < QSE_COUNTOF(ginfo->g); i++)
+	{
+		str = qse_awk_rtx_valtostrdup (rtx, qse_awk_rtx_getgbl (rtx, ginfo->g[i]), &len);
+		if (str == QSE_NULL)
+		{
+			qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+			goto oops;
+		}
+		qse_printf (QSE_T("G%d => %.*s\n"), i, (int)len, str);
+		qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, str);
+	}
+
+	/* get the value of RLENGTH and print it */
+	str = qse_awk_rtx_valtostrdup (rtx, qse_awk_rtx_getgbl (rtx, QSE_AWK_GBL_RLENGTH), &len);
+	if (str == QSE_NULL)
+	{
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		goto oops;
+	}
+	qse_printf (QSE_T("RLENGTH => %.*s\n"), (int)len, str);
+	qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, str);
+
+	ret = 0;
+
+oops:
+	/* destroy a runtime context */
+	if (rtx) qse_awk_rtx_close (rtx);
+
+	/* destroy the processor */
+	if (awk) qse_awk_close (awk);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int qse_main (int argc, qse_achar_t* argv[])
+{
+	init_awk_sample_locale ();
+	return qse_runmain (argc, argv, awk_main);
+}
+
diff --git a/qse/samples/awk/awk09.c b/qse/samples/awk/awk09.c
index f9645ad7..da301bbd 100644
--- a/qse/samples/awk/awk09.c
+++ b/qse/samples/awk/awk09.c
@@ -1,61 +1,67 @@
-/*
- * $Id$
- *
-    Copyright 2006-2012 Chung, Hyung-Hwan.
-    This file is part of QSE.
-
-    QSE is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-    it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as 
-    published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of 
-    the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-    QSE is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public 
-    License along with QSE. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-
 #include <qse/awk/std.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/main.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/mem.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/path.h>
 #include <qse/cmn/stdio.h>
+#include "awk00.h"
 
-/* this sample produces 8 text files containing multiplication chart. */
-
-const qse_char_t* src = QSE_T(
-	"BEGIN {"
-	"	for (i=2;i<=9;i++)"
-	"	{"
-	"		print \"OFILENAME:\" OFILENAME;"
-	"		for (j=1;j<=9;j++)"
-	"			print i \"*\" j \"=\" i * j;"
-	"		nextofile;"
-	"	}"
-	"}"
+static const qse_char_t* src = QSE_T(
+	"BEGIN { print basename(\"/etc/passwd\");  }"
 );
 
-int main ()
+static int fnc_basename (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
+{
+	qse_awk_val_t* a0, * rv;
+	qse_char_t* ptr;
+	qse_size_t len;
+
+	/* note that this implementation doesn't care if the parameter
+	 * contains a null character like "/etc/p\0asswd" */
+
+	/* get the value of the first parameter */
+	a0 = qse_awk_rtx_getarg (rtx, 0);	
+	if (a0->type == QSE_AWK_VAL_STR)
+	{
+		/* if it is a string value, don't duplicate the value */
+		ptr = ((qse_awk_val_str_t*)a0)->val.ptr;
+		len = ((qse_awk_val_str_t*)a0)->val.len;
+
+		/* make a string value with the base name  */
+		rv = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithstr (rtx, qse_basename (ptr));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/* if it is a string value, convert the value to a string 
+		 * with duplication  */
+		ptr = qse_awk_rtx_valtostrdup (rtx, a0, &len);	
+		if (ptr == QSE_NULL) return -1; 
+
+		/* make a string value with the base name  */
+		rv = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithstr (rtx, qse_basename (ptr));
+
+		/* free the duplicated string */
+		qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, ptr);
+	}
+
+	if (rv == QSE_NULL) return -1;
+
+	/* set the return value that basename() will return */
+	qse_awk_rtx_setretval (rtx, rv);
+
+	/* implemenation success */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
 {
 	qse_awk_t* awk = QSE_NULL;
 	qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx = QSE_NULL;
-	qse_awk_val_t* retv;
 	qse_awk_parsestd_t psin[2];
-	int ret = -1, opt;
-
-	const qse_char_t* output_files[] = 
-	{
-		QSE_T("awk09.out.2"),
-		QSE_T("awk09.out.3"),
-		QSE_T("awk09.out.4"),
-		QSE_T("awk09.out.5"),
-		QSE_T("awk09.out.6"),
-		QSE_T("awk09.out.7"),
-		QSE_T("awk09.out.8"),
-		QSE_T("awk09.out.9"),
-		QSE_NULL
-	};
+	qse_awk_val_t* rtv;
+	int ret = -1;
+	qse_awk_fnc_spec_t spec;
 
+	/* create an awk object */
 	awk = qse_awk_openstd (0);
 	if (awk == QSE_NULL)  
 	{
@@ -63,51 +69,71 @@ int main ()
 		goto oops;
 	}
 
-	qse_awk_getopt (awk, QSE_AWK_TRAIT, &opt);
-	opt |= QSE_AWK_EXTRAKWS;
-	qse_awk_setopt (awk, QSE_AWK_TRAIT, &opt);
+	/* add a built-in function basename() */
+	qse_memset (&spec, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(spec));
+	spec.arg.min = 1; /* limit the number of arguments to 1 */
+	spec.arg.max = 1;
+	spec.impl = fnc_basename; /* specify the actual implementation */
+	if (qse_awk_addfnc (awk, QSE_T("basename"), &spec) == QSE_NULL)
+	{
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		goto oops;
+	}
 
+	/* prepare an awk script to parse */
 	psin[0].type = QSE_AWK_PARSESTD_STR;
 	psin[0].u.str.ptr = src;
 	psin[0].u.str.len = qse_strlen(src);
 	psin[1].type = QSE_AWK_PARSESTD_NULL;
 
+	/* parse the script */
 	if (qse_awk_parsestd (awk, psin, QSE_NULL) <= -1)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
 		goto oops;
 	}
 
+	/* create a runtime context */
 	rtx = qse_awk_rtx_openstd (
 		awk, 
 		0,
-		QSE_T("awk09"),
+		QSE_T("awk09"), 
 		QSE_NULL, /* stdin */
-		output_files,
+		QSE_NULL, /* stdout */
 		QSE_NULL  /* default cmgr */
 	);
 	if (rtx == QSE_NULL) 
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
 		goto oops;
 	}
 	
-	retv = qse_awk_rtx_loop (rtx);
-	if (retv == QSE_NULL)
+	/* execute the script over the standard data streams */
+	rtv = qse_awk_rtx_loop (rtx);
+	if (rtv == QSE_NULL)
 	{
-		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), 
-			qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
 		goto oops;
 	}
 
-	qse_awk_rtx_refdownval (rtx, retv);
+	/* clear the return value */
+	qse_awk_rtx_refdownval (rtx, rtv);
+
 	ret = 0;
 
 oops:
-	if (rtx != QSE_NULL) qse_awk_rtx_close (rtx);
-	if (awk != QSE_NULL) qse_awk_close (awk);
+	/* destroy a runtime context */
+	if (rtx) qse_awk_rtx_close (rtx);
+
+	/* destroy the processor */
+	if (awk) qse_awk_close (awk);
+
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int qse_main (int argc, qse_achar_t* argv[])
+{
+	init_awk_sample_locale ();
+	return qse_runmain (argc, argv, awk_main);
+}
+
diff --git a/qse/samples/awk/awk10.c b/qse/samples/awk/awk10.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6b2d8dd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/qse/samples/awk/awk10.c
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+#include <qse/awk/std.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/main.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/mem.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/path.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/stdio.h>
+#include "awk00.h"
+
+static const qse_char_t* src = QSE_T(
+	"BEGIN { if (basename(\"/etc/passwd\", base) <= -1) print \"ERROR\"; else  print base;  }"
+);
+
+static int fnc_basename (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
+{
+	qse_awk_val_t* a0, * rv = QSE_NULL;
+	qse_char_t* ptr;
+	qse_size_t len;
+
+	/* note that this implementation doesn't care if the parameter
+	 * contains a null character like "/etc/p\0asswd" */
+
+	/* get the value of the first parameter */
+	a0 = qse_awk_rtx_getarg (rtx, 0);	
+	if (a0->type == QSE_AWK_VAL_STR)
+	{
+		/* if it is a string value, don't duplicate the value */
+		ptr = ((qse_awk_val_str_t*)a0)->val.ptr;
+		len = ((qse_awk_val_str_t*)a0)->val.len;
+
+		/* make a string value with the base name  */
+		rv = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithstr (rtx, qse_basename (ptr));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/* if it is a string value, convert the value to a string 
+		 * with duplication  */
+		ptr = qse_awk_rtx_valtostrdup (rtx, a0, &len);	
+		if (ptr)
+		{
+			/* make a string value with the base name  */
+			rv = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithstr (rtx, qse_basename (ptr));
+
+			/* free the duplicated string */
+			qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, ptr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (rv)
+	{
+		/* change the value of the second parameter passed by reference  */
+		qse_awk_rtx_setrefval (rtx, qse_awk_rtx_getarg (rtx, 1), rv);
+
+		/* set the return value without error checks because 
+		 * qse_awk_rtx_makeintval() for 0 never fails */
+		qse_awk_rtx_setretval (rtx, qse_awk_rtx_makeintval (rtx, 0));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/* set the return value without error checks because 
+		 * qse_awk_rtx_makeintval() for -1 never fails */
+		qse_awk_rtx_setretval (rtx, qse_awk_rtx_makeintval (rtx, -1));
+	}
+
+	/* implementation success */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int awk_main (int argc, qse_char_t* argv[])
+{
+	qse_awk_t* awk = QSE_NULL;
+	qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx = QSE_NULL;
+	qse_awk_parsestd_t psin[2];
+	qse_awk_val_t* rtv;
+	int ret = -1;
+	qse_awk_fnc_spec_t spec;
+
+	/* create an awk object */
+	awk = qse_awk_openstd (0);
+	if (awk == QSE_NULL)  
+	{
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: cannot open awk\n"));
+		goto oops;
+	}
+
+	/* add a built-in function basename() */
+	qse_memset (&spec, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(spec));
+	spec.arg.min = 2; /* limit the number of arguments to 1 */
+	spec.arg.max = 2;
+	spec.arg.spec = QSE_T("vr"); /* pass the second argument by reference */
+	spec.impl = fnc_basename; /* specify the actual implementation */
+	if (qse_awk_addfnc (awk, QSE_T("basename"), &spec) == QSE_NULL)
+	{
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		goto oops;
+	}
+
+	/* prepare an awk script to parse */
+	psin[0].type = QSE_AWK_PARSESTD_STR;
+	psin[0].u.str.ptr = src;
+	psin[0].u.str.len = qse_strlen(src);
+	psin[1].type = QSE_AWK_PARSESTD_NULL;
+
+	/* parse the script */
+	if (qse_awk_parsestd (awk, psin, QSE_NULL) <= -1)
+	{
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		goto oops;
+	}
+
+	/* create a runtime context */
+	rtx = qse_awk_rtx_openstd (
+		awk, 
+		0,
+		QSE_T("awk10"), 
+		QSE_NULL, /* stdin */
+		QSE_NULL, /* stdout */
+		QSE_NULL  /* default cmgr */
+	);
+	if (rtx == QSE_NULL) 
+	{
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		goto oops;
+	}
+	
+	/* execute the script over the standard data streams */
+	rtv = qse_awk_rtx_loop (rtx);
+	if (rtv == QSE_NULL)
+	{
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		goto oops;
+	}
+
+	/* clear the return value */
+	qse_awk_rtx_refdownval (rtx, rtv);
+
+	ret = 0;
+
+oops:
+	/* destroy a runtime context */
+	if (rtx) qse_awk_rtx_close (rtx);
+
+	/* destroy the processor */
+	if (awk) qse_awk_close (awk);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int qse_main (int argc, qse_achar_t* argv[])
+{
+	init_awk_sample_locale ();
+	return qse_runmain (argc, argv, awk_main);
+}
+
diff --git a/qse/samples/awk/awk12.c b/qse/samples/awk/awk12.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a7a3f88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/qse/samples/awk/awk12.c
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#include <qse/awk/std.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/stdio.h>
+
+/* this sample produces 8 text files containing multiplication chart. */
+
+const qse_char_t* src = QSE_T(
+	"BEGIN {"
+	"	for (i=2;i<=9;i++)"
+	"	{"
+	"		print \"OFILENAME:\" OFILENAME;"
+	"		for (j=1;j<=9;j++)"
+	"			print i \"*\" j \"=\" i * j;"
+	"		nextofile;"
+	"	}"
+	"}"
+);
+
+int main ()
+{
+	qse_awk_t* awk = QSE_NULL;
+	qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx = QSE_NULL;
+	qse_awk_val_t* retv;
+	qse_awk_parsestd_t psin[2];
+	int ret = -1, opt;
+
+	const qse_char_t* output_files[] = 
+	{
+		QSE_T("awk09.out.2"),
+		QSE_T("awk09.out.3"),
+		QSE_T("awk09.out.4"),
+		QSE_T("awk09.out.5"),
+		QSE_T("awk09.out.6"),
+		QSE_T("awk09.out.7"),
+		QSE_T("awk09.out.8"),
+		QSE_T("awk09.out.9"),
+		QSE_NULL
+	};
+
+	awk = qse_awk_openstd (0);
+	if (awk == QSE_NULL)  
+	{
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: cannot open awk\n"));
+		goto oops;
+	}
+
+	qse_awk_getopt (awk, QSE_AWK_TRAIT, &opt);
+	opt |= QSE_AWK_EXTRAKWS;
+	qse_awk_setopt (awk, QSE_AWK_TRAIT, &opt);
+
+	psin[0].type = QSE_AWK_PARSESTD_STR;
+	psin[0].u.str.ptr = src;
+	psin[0].u.str.len = qse_strlen(src);
+	psin[1].type = QSE_AWK_PARSESTD_NULL;
+
+	if (qse_awk_parsestd (awk, psin, QSE_NULL) <= -1)
+	{
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), 
+			qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		goto oops;
+	}
+
+	rtx = qse_awk_rtx_openstd (
+		awk, 
+		0,
+		QSE_T("awk09"),
+		QSE_NULL, /* stdin */
+		output_files,
+		QSE_NULL  /* default cmgr */
+	);
+	if (rtx == QSE_NULL) 
+	{
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), 
+			qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+		goto oops;
+	}
+	
+	retv = qse_awk_rtx_loop (rtx);
+	if (retv == QSE_NULL)
+	{
+		qse_fprintf (QSE_STDERR, QSE_T("ERROR: %s\n"), 
+			qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+		goto oops;
+	}
+
+	qse_awk_rtx_refdownval (rtx, retv);
+	ret = 0;
+
+oops:
+	if (rtx != QSE_NULL) qse_awk_rtx_close (rtx);
+	if (awk != QSE_NULL) qse_awk_close (awk);
+	return ret;
+}
+