diff --git a/qse/include/qse/awk/awk.h b/qse/include/qse/awk/awk.h
index 794cc995..be5f8bb2 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/awk/awk.h
+++ b/qse/include/qse/awk/awk.h
@@ -1667,6 +1667,11 @@ QSE_EXPORT const qse_char_t* qse_awk_geterrmsg (
 	const qse_awk_t* awk /**< awk */
 );
 
+QSE_EXPORT const qse_char_t* qse_awk_backuperrmsg (
+	qse_awk_t* awk /**< awk */
+);
+
+
 /**
  * The qse_awk_geterrinf() function copies error information into memory
  * pointed to by \a errinf from \a awk.
@@ -2344,6 +2349,10 @@ QSE_EXPORT const qse_char_t* qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg (
 	const qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx /**< runtime context */
 );
 
+QSE_EXPORT const qse_char_t* qse_awk_rtx_backuperrmsg (
+	qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx /**< runtime context */
+);
+
 /**
  * The qse_awk_rtx_geterrinf() function copies error information into memory
  * pointed to by \a errinf from a runtime context \a rtx.
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/cmn/Mmgr.hpp b/qse/include/qse/cmn/Mmgr.hpp
index 4cab17b9..8daf8ae4 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/cmn/Mmgr.hpp
+++ b/qse/include/qse/cmn/Mmgr.hpp
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ public:
 	/// allocation. if it fails, it raise an exception if it's
 	/// configured to do so.
 	///
-	void* allocate (qse_size_t n, bool raise_exception = true) QSE_CPP_THREXCEPT1(MemoryError)
+	void* allocate (qse_size_t n, bool raise_exception = true) /*QSE_CPP_THREXCEPT1(MemoryError)*/
 	{
 		void* xptr = this->allocMem (n);
 		if (!xptr && raise_exception) QSE_THROW (MemoryError);
@@ -92,14 +92,14 @@ public:
 	/// The callocate() function allocates memory like allocate() and 
 	/// clears the memory before returning.
 	///
-	void* callocate (qse_size_t n, bool raise_exception = true) QSE_CPP_THREXCEPT1(MemoryError);
+	void* callocate (qse_size_t n, bool raise_exception = true) /*QSE_CPP_THREXCEPT1(MemoryError)*/;
 
 	///
 	/// The reallocate() function calls reallocMem() for memory
 	/// reallocation. if it fails, it raise an exception if it's
 	/// configured to do so.
 	///
-	void* reallocate (void* ptr, qse_size_t n, bool raise_exception = true) QSE_CPP_THREXCEPT1(MemoryError)
+	void* reallocate (void* ptr, qse_size_t n, bool raise_exception = true) /*QSE_CPP_THREXCEPT1(MemoryError)*/
 	{
 		void* xptr = this->reallocMem (ptr, n);
 		if (!xptr && raise_exception) QSE_THROW (MemoryError);
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ protected:
 QSE_END_NAMESPACE(QSE)
 /////////////////////////////////
 
-QSE_EXPORT void* operator new (qse_size_t size, QSE::Mmgr* mmgr) QSE_CPP_THREXCEPT1(QSE::Mmgr::MemoryError);
+QSE_EXPORT void* operator new (qse_size_t size, QSE::Mmgr* mmgr) /*QSE_CPP_THREXCEPT1(QSE::Mmgr::MemoryError)*/;
 
 #if defined(QSE_CPP_NO_OPERATOR_DELETE_OVERLOADING)
 QSE_EXPORT void qse_operator_delete (void* ptr, QSE::Mmgr* mmgr);
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ QSE_EXPORT void qse_operator_delete (void* ptr, QSE::Mmgr* mmgr);
 QSE_EXPORT void operator delete (void* ptr, QSE::Mmgr* mmgr);
 #endif
 
-QSE_EXPORT void* operator new (qse_size_t size, QSE::Mmgr* mmgr, void* existing_ptr) QSE_CPP_THREXCEPT1(QSE::Mmgr::MemoryError);
+QSE_EXPORT void* operator new (qse_size_t size, QSE::Mmgr* mmgr, void* existing_ptr) /*QSE_CPP_THREXCEPT1(QSE::Mmgr::MemoryError)*/;
 
 #if 0
 // i found no way to delete an array allocated with
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/awk-prv.h b/qse/lib/awk/awk-prv.h
index a62d7d97..1d309bab 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/awk-prv.h
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/awk-prv.h
@@ -290,6 +290,7 @@ struct qse_awk_t
 	/* housekeeping */
 	qse_awk_errstr_t errstr;
 	qse_awk_errinf_t errinf;
+	qse_char_t errmsg_backup[256];
 
 	int stopall;
 	qse_awk_ecb_t* ecb;
@@ -426,6 +427,8 @@ struct qse_awk_rtx_t
 	} depth;
 
 	qse_awk_errinf_t errinf;
+	qse_char_t errmsg_backup[256];
+
 	qse_awk_rtx_ecb_t* ecb;
 };
 
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/err.c b/qse/lib/awk/err.c
index 63ad79bc..d3fb0036 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/err.c
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/err.c
@@ -219,7 +219,11 @@ void qse_awk_geterror (const qse_awk_t* awk, qse_awk_errnum_t* errnum, const qse
 	if (errloc) *errloc = awk->errinf.loc;
 }
 
-
+const qse_char_t* qse_awk_backuperrmsg (qse_awk_t* awk)
+{
+	qse_strxcpy (awk->errmsg_backup, QSE_COUNTOF(awk->errmsg_backup), qse_awk_geterrmsg(awk));
+	return awk->errmsg_backup;
+}
 
 void qse_awk_seterrnum (qse_awk_t* awk, qse_awk_errnum_t errnum, const qse_cstr_t* errarg)
 {
@@ -299,6 +303,12 @@ void qse_awk_rtx_geterror (
 	}
 }
 
+const qse_char_t* qse_awk_rtx_backuperrmsg (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx)
+{
+	qse_strxcpy (rtx->errmsg_backup, QSE_COUNTOF(rtx->errmsg_backup), qse_awk_rtx_geterrmsg(rtx));
+	return rtx->errmsg_backup;
+}
+
 void qse_awk_rtx_seterrnum (
 	qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, qse_awk_errnum_t errnum, const qse_cstr_t* errarg)
 {
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/parse.c b/qse/lib/awk/parse.c
index a5cea580..9094b63a 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/parse.c
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/parse.c
@@ -6989,7 +6989,7 @@ static qse_awk_mod_t* query_module (
 		/* TODO: binary search ... */
 		for (n = 0; n < QSE_COUNTOF(static_modtab); n++)
 		{
-			if (qse_strcmp (static_modtab[n].modname, segs[0].ptr) == 0) 
+			if (qse_strcmp(static_modtab[n].modname, segs[0].ptr) == 0) 
 			{
 				load = static_modtab[n].modload;
 				break;
@@ -7014,7 +7014,7 @@ static qse_awk_mod_t* query_module (
 
 			/* i copy-insert 'md' into the table before calling 'load'.
 			 * to pass the same address to load(), query(), etc */
-			pair = qse_rbt_insert (awk->modtab, segs[0].ptr, segs[0].len, &md, QSE_SIZEOF(md));
+			pair = qse_rbt_insert(awk->modtab, segs[0].ptr, segs[0].len, &md, QSE_SIZEOF(md));
 			if (pair == QSE_NULL)
 			{
 				qse_awk_seterrnum (awk, QSE_AWK_ENOMEM, QSE_NULL);
@@ -7031,10 +7031,10 @@ static qse_awk_mod_t* query_module (
 			goto done;
 		}
 #endif
+		qse_awk_seterrnum (awk, QSE_AWK_ENOERR, QSE_NULL);
 
 		/* attempt to find an external module */
 		QSE_MEMSET (&spec, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(spec));
-
 		if (awk->opt.mod[0].len > 0)
 			spec.prefix = awk->opt.mod[0].ptr;
 		else spec.prefix = QSE_T(QSE_AWK_DEFAULT_MODPREFIX);
@@ -7042,7 +7042,7 @@ static qse_awk_mod_t* query_module (
 		if (awk->opt.mod[1].len > 0)
 			spec.postfix = awk->opt.mod[1].ptr;
 		else spec.postfix = QSE_T(QSE_AWK_DEFAULT_MODPOSTFIX);
-		
+
 		QSE_MEMSET (&md, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(md));
 		if (awk->prm.modopen && awk->prm.modsym && awk->prm.modclose)
 		{
@@ -7053,31 +7053,44 @@ static qse_awk_mod_t* query_module (
 
 		if (md.handle == QSE_NULL) 
 		{
-			ea.ptr = segs[0].ptr;
-			ea.len = segs[0].len;
-			qse_awk_seterror (awk, QSE_AWK_ENOENT, &ea, QSE_NULL);
+			if (qse_awk_geterrnum(awk) == QSE_AWK_ENOERR)
+			{
+				qse_awk_seterrfmt (awk, QSE_AWK_ENOENT, QSE_NULL, QSE_T("module '%.*js' not found"), (int)segs[0].len, segs[0].ptr);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				const qse_char_t* olderrmsg = qse_awk_backuperrmsg(awk);
+				qse_awk_seterrfmt (awk, QSE_AWK_ENOENT, QSE_NULL, QSE_T("module '%.*js' not found - %js"), (int)segs[0].len, segs[0].ptr, olderrmsg);
+			}
 			return QSE_NULL;
 		}
 
 		buflen = qse_strcpy (&buf[13], segs[0].ptr);
 		/* attempt qse_awk_mod_xxx */
-		load = awk->prm.modsym (awk, md.handle, &buf[1]);
+		load = awk->prm.modsym(awk, md.handle, &buf[1]);
 		if (!load) 
 		{
 			/* attempt _qse_awk_mod_xxx */
-			load = awk->prm.modsym (awk, md.handle, &buf[0]);
+			load = awk->prm.modsym(awk, md.handle, &buf[0]);
 			if (!load)
 			{
+				qse_awk_seterrnum (awk, QSE_AWK_ENOERR, QSE_NULL);
+
 				/* attempt qse_awk_mod_xxx_ */
 				buf[13 + buflen] = QSE_T('_');
 				buf[13 + buflen + 1] = QSE_T('\0');
-				load = awk->prm.modsym (awk, md.handle, &buf[1]);
+				load = awk->prm.modsym(awk, md.handle, &buf[1]);
 				if (!load)
 				{
-					ea.ptr = &buf[1];
-					ea.len = 12 + buflen;
-					qse_awk_seterror (awk, QSE_AWK_ENOENT, &ea, QSE_NULL);
-
+					if (qse_awk_geterrnum(awk) == QSE_AWK_ENOERR)
+					{
+						qse_awk_seterrfmt (awk, QSE_AWK_ENOENT, QSE_NULL, QSE_T("module '%.*js' not found"), (int)(12 + buflen));
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						qse_char_t* olderrmsg = qse_awk_backuperrmsg(awk);
+						qse_awk_seterrfmt (awk, QSE_AWK_ENOENT, QSE_NULL, QSE_T("module '%.*js' not found - %js"), (int)(12 + buflen), &buf[1], olderrmsg);
+					}
 					awk->prm.modclose (awk, md.handle);
 					return QSE_NULL;
 				}
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/std.c b/qse/lib/awk/std.c
index ca07d7cb..aa1caec2 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/std.c
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/std.c
@@ -402,6 +402,10 @@ void* qse_awk_stdmodopen (qse_awk_t* awk, const qse_awk_mod_spec_t* spec)
 	}
 
 	h = dlopen(modpath, RTLD_NOW);
+	if (!h)
+	{
+		qse_awk_seterrfmt (awk, QSE_AWK_ESYSERR, QSE_NULL, QSE_T("%hs"), dlerror());
+	}
 
 	QSE_MMGR_FREE (awk->mmgr, modpath);
 
diff --git a/qse/lib/awkmod/mod-mysql.c b/qse/lib/awkmod/mod-mysql.c
index 3cd63e6a..e4100b81 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awkmod/mod-mysql.c
+++ b/qse/lib/awkmod/mod-mysql.c
@@ -254,88 +254,6 @@ static int fnc_close (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int fnc_connect (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
-{
-	sql_list_t* sql_list;
-	sql_node_t* sql_node;
-	int ret = -1, take_rtx_err = 0;
-
-	qse_awk_val_t* a1, * a2, * a3;
-	qse_mchar_t* host = QSE_NULL;
-	qse_mchar_t* user = QSE_NULL;
-	qse_mchar_t* pass = QSE_NULL;
-
-	sql_list = rtx_to_sql_list(rtx, fi);
-	sql_node = get_sql_list_node_with_arg(rtx, sql_list, qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 0));
-	if (sql_node)
-	{
-		a1 = qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 1);
-		a2 = qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 2);
-		a3 = qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 3);
-
-		host = qse_awk_rtx_getvalmbs(rtx, a1, QSE_NULL);
-		if (!host) { take_rtx_err = 1; goto done; }
-		user = qse_awk_rtx_getvalmbs(rtx, a2, QSE_NULL);
-		if (!user) { take_rtx_err = 1; goto done; }
-		pass = qse_awk_rtx_getvalmbs(rtx, a3, QSE_NULL);
-		if (!pass) { take_rtx_err = 1; goto done; }
-
-		if (!mysql_real_connect(sql_node->mysql, host, user, pass, QSE_NULL, 0, QSE_NULL, 0))
-		{
-			set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_T("%hs"), mysql_error(sql_node->mysql));
-			sql_node->connect_ever_attempted = 1; /* doesn't matter if mysql_real_connect() failed */
-			goto done;
-		}
-
-		sql_node->connect_ever_attempted = 1;
-		ret = 0;
-	}
-
-done:
-	if (take_rtx_err) set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_NULL);
-	if (pass) qse_awk_rtx_freevalmbs (rtx, a3, pass);
-	if (user) qse_awk_rtx_freevalmbs (rtx, a2, user);
-	if (host) qse_awk_rtx_freevalmbs (rtx, a1, host);
-
-	qse_awk_rtx_setretval (rtx, qse_awk_rtx_makeintval(rtx, ret));
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int fnc_ping (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
-{
-	sql_list_t* sql_list;
-	sql_node_t* sql_node;
-	int ret = -1, take_rtx_err = 0;
-
-	sql_list = rtx_to_sql_list(rtx, fi);
-	sql_node = get_sql_list_node_with_arg(rtx, sql_list, qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 0));
-	if (sql_node)
-	{
-		if (!sql_node->connect_ever_attempted)
-		{
-			set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_T("not connected"));
-			goto done;
-		}
-
-		if (mysql_ping(sql_node->mysql) != 0)
-		{
-			set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_T("%hs"), mysql_error(sql_node->mysql));
-			goto done;
-		}
-
-		ret = 0;
-	}
-
-done:
-	if (take_rtx_err) set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_NULL);
-	qse_awk_rtx_setretval (rtx, qse_awk_rtx_makeintval(rtx, ret));
-	return 0;
-
-oops:
-	if (take_rtx_err) set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_NULL);
-	return -1;
-}
-
 #if 0
 static int fnc_get_option (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
 {
@@ -360,12 +278,6 @@ static int fnc_get_option (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
 			goto oops;
 		}
 
-		if (!sql_node->connect_ever_attempted)
-		{
-			set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_T("not connected"));
-			goto done;
-		}
-
 		switch (id)
 		{
 			case MYSQL_OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT:
@@ -484,7 +396,6 @@ static int fnc_set_option (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
 				goto done;
 		}
 
-printf ("%d %d\n", (int)id, *(int*)vptr);
 		if (mysql_options(sql_node->mysql, id, vptr) != 0)
 		{
 			set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_T("%hs"), mysql_error(sql_node->mysql));
@@ -504,6 +415,93 @@ oops:
 	return -1;
 }
 
+static int fnc_connect (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
+{
+	sql_list_t* sql_list;
+	sql_node_t* sql_node;
+	int ret = -1, take_rtx_err = 0;
+
+	qse_awk_val_t* a1, * a2, * a3;
+	qse_mchar_t* host = QSE_NULL;
+	qse_mchar_t* user = QSE_NULL;
+	qse_mchar_t* pass = QSE_NULL;
+
+	sql_list = rtx_to_sql_list(rtx, fi);
+	sql_node = get_sql_list_node_with_arg(rtx, sql_list, qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 0));
+	if (sql_node)
+	{
+		a1 = qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 1);
+		a2 = qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 2);
+		a3 = qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 3);
+
+		host = qse_awk_rtx_getvalmbs(rtx, a1, QSE_NULL);
+		if (!host) { take_rtx_err = 1; goto done; }
+		user = qse_awk_rtx_getvalmbs(rtx, a2, QSE_NULL);
+		if (!user) { take_rtx_err = 1; goto done; }
+		pass = qse_awk_rtx_getvalmbs(rtx, a3, QSE_NULL);
+		if (!pass) { take_rtx_err = 1; goto done; }
+
+		if (!mysql_real_connect(sql_node->mysql, host, user, pass, QSE_NULL, 0, QSE_NULL, 0))
+		{
+			set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_T("%hs"), mysql_error(sql_node->mysql));
+			sql_node->connect_ever_attempted = 1; /* doesn't matter if mysql_real_connect() failed */
+			goto done;
+		}
+
+		sql_node->connect_ever_attempted = 1;
+		ret = 0;
+	}
+
+done:
+	if (take_rtx_err) set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_NULL);
+	if (pass) qse_awk_rtx_freevalmbs (rtx, a3, pass);
+	if (user) qse_awk_rtx_freevalmbs (rtx, a2, user);
+	if (host) qse_awk_rtx_freevalmbs (rtx, a1, host);
+
+	qse_awk_rtx_setretval (rtx, qse_awk_rtx_makeintval(rtx, ret));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#define ENSURE_CONNECT_EVER_ATTEMPTED(rtx, sql_list, sql_node) \
+	do { \
+		if (!(sql_node)->connect_ever_attempted) \
+		{ \
+			set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_T("not connected")); \
+			goto done; \
+		} \
+	} while(0)
+
+static int fnc_ping (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
+{
+	sql_list_t* sql_list;
+	sql_node_t* sql_node;
+	int ret = -1, take_rtx_err = 0;
+
+	sql_list = rtx_to_sql_list(rtx, fi);
+	sql_node = get_sql_list_node_with_arg(rtx, sql_list, qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 0));
+	if (sql_node)
+	{
+		ENSURE_CONNECT_EVER_ATTEMPTED(rtx, sql_list, sql_node);
+
+		if (mysql_ping(sql_node->mysql) != 0)
+		{
+			set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_T("%hs"), mysql_error(sql_node->mysql));
+			goto done;
+		}
+
+		ret = 0;
+	}
+
+done:
+	if (take_rtx_err) set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_NULL);
+	qse_awk_rtx_setretval (rtx, qse_awk_rtx_makeintval(rtx, ret));
+	return 0;
+
+oops:
+	if (take_rtx_err) set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_NULL);
+	return -1;
+}
+
 static int fnc_autocommit (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
 {
 	sql_list_t* sql_list;
@@ -519,11 +517,7 @@ static int fnc_autocommit (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
 		v = qse_awk_rtx_valtobool(rtx, qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 1));
 		if (v <= -1) { take_rtx_err = 1; goto oops; }
 
-		if (!sql_node->connect_ever_attempted)
-		{
-			set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_T("not connected"));
-			goto done;
-		}
+		ENSURE_CONNECT_EVER_ATTEMPTED(rtx, sql_list, sql_node);
 
 		if (mysql_autocommit(sql_node->mysql, v) != 0)
 		{
@@ -559,11 +553,7 @@ static int fnc_commit (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
 		v = qse_awk_rtx_valtobool(rtx, qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 1));
 		if (v <= -1) { take_rtx_err = 1; goto oops; }
 
-		if (!sql_node->connect_ever_attempted)
-		{
-			set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_T("not connected"));
-			goto done;
-		}
+		ENSURE_CONNECT_EVER_ATTEMPTED(rtx, sql_list, sql_node);
 
 		if (mysql_commit(sql_node->mysql) != 0)
 		{
@@ -599,11 +589,7 @@ static int fnc_rollback (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
 		v = qse_awk_rtx_valtobool(rtx, qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 1));
 		if (v <= -1) { take_rtx_err = 1; goto oops; }
 
-		if (!sql_node->connect_ever_attempted)
-		{
-			set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_T("not connected"));
-			goto done;
-		}
+		ENSURE_CONNECT_EVER_ATTEMPTED(rtx, sql_list, sql_node);
 
 		if (mysql_rollback(sql_node->mysql) != 0)
 		{
@@ -624,11 +610,61 @@ oops:
 	return -1;
 }
 
+static int fnc_affected_rows (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
+{
+	sql_list_t* sql_list;
+	sql_node_t* sql_node;
+	int ret = -1, take_rtx_err = 0;
+
+	sql_list = rtx_to_sql_list(rtx, fi);
+	sql_node = get_sql_list_node_with_arg(rtx, sql_list, qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 0));
+	if (sql_node)
+	{
+		my_ulonglong nrows;
+		qse_awk_val_t* vrows;
+
+		ENSURE_CONNECT_EVER_ATTEMPTED(rtx, sql_list, sql_node);
+
+		nrows = mysql_affected_rows(sql_node->mysql);
+		if (nrows == (my_ulonglong)-1)
+		{
+			set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_T("%hs"), mysql_error(sql_node->mysql));
+			goto done;
+		}
+
+		vrows = qse_awk_rtx_makeintval(rtx, nrows);
+		if (!vrows)
+		{
+			take_rtx_err = 1;
+			goto oops;
+		}
+
+		if (qse_awk_rtx_setrefval(rtx, (qse_awk_val_ref_t*)qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 1), vrows) <= -1)
+		{
+			qse_awk_rtx_refupval (rtx, vrows);
+			qse_awk_rtx_refdownval (rtx, vrows);
+			take_rtx_err = 1;
+			goto oops;
+		}
+
+		ret = 0;
+	}
+
+done:
+	if (take_rtx_err) set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_NULL);
+	qse_awk_rtx_setretval (rtx, qse_awk_rtx_makeintval(rtx, ret));
+	return 0;
+
+oops:
+	if (take_rtx_err) set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_NULL);
+	return -1;
+}
+
 static int fnc_escape_string (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
 {
 	sql_list_t* sql_list;
 	sql_node_t* sql_node;
-	int take_rtx_err = 0;
+	int ret = -1, take_rtx_err = 0;
 
 	qse_awk_val_t* a1, *retv;
 	qse_mchar_t* qstr = QSE_NULL;
@@ -639,7 +675,7 @@ static int fnc_escape_string (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
 	if (sql_node)
 	{
 		qse_size_t qlen;
-		
+
 		a1 = qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 1);
 
 		qstr = qse_awk_rtx_getvalmbs(rtx, a1, &qlen);
@@ -648,27 +684,38 @@ static int fnc_escape_string (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
 		ebuf = qse_awk_rtx_allocmem(rtx, (qlen * 2 + 1) * QSE_SIZEOF(*qstr));
 		if (!ebuf) { take_rtx_err = 1; goto oops; }
 
-		if (mysql_real_escape_string(sql_node->mysql, ebuf, qstr, qlen) != 0)
+		ENSURE_CONNECT_EVER_ATTEMPTED(rtx, sql_list, sql_node);
+		mysql_real_escape_string(sql_node->mysql, ebuf, qstr, qlen);
+
+		retv = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithmbs(rtx, ebuf);
+		if (!retv)
 		{
-			set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_T("%hs"), mysql_error(sql_node->mysql));
-			goto done;
+			take_rtx_err = 1;
+			goto oops;
 		}
+
+		if (qse_awk_rtx_setrefval(rtx, (qse_awk_val_ref_t*)qse_awk_rtx_getarg(rtx, 2), retv) <= -1)
+		{
+			qse_awk_rtx_refupval (rtx, retv);
+			qse_awk_rtx_refdownval (rtx, retv);
+			take_rtx_err = 1;
+			goto oops;
+		}
+
+		ret = 0;
 	}
 
 done:
 	if (take_rtx_err) set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_NULL);
-	if (qstr) qse_awk_rtx_freevalmbs (rtx, a1, qstr);
-	retv = ebuf? qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithmbs(rtx, ebuf): qse_awk_rtx_makenilval(rtx);
+	if (take_rtx_err) set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_NULL);
 	if (ebuf) qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, ebuf);
-	if (!retv) return -1;
-
-	qse_awk_rtx_setretval (rtx, retv);
+	if (qstr) qse_awk_rtx_freevalmbs (rtx, a1, qstr);
+	qse_awk_rtx_setretval (rtx, qse_awk_rtx_makeintval(rtx, ret));
 	return 0;
 
 oops:
-	if (take_rtx_err) set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_NULL);
-	if (qstr) qse_awk_rtx_freevalmbs (rtx, a1, qstr);
 	if (ebuf) qse_awk_rtx_freemem (rtx, ebuf);
+	if (qstr) qse_awk_rtx_freevalmbs (rtx, a1, qstr);
 	return -1;
 }
 
@@ -691,11 +738,7 @@ static int fnc_query (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
 		qstr = qse_awk_rtx_getvalmbs(rtx, a1, &qlen);
 		if (!qstr) { take_rtx_err = 1; goto oops; }
 
-		if (!sql_node->connect_ever_attempted)
-		{
-			set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_T("not connected"));
-			goto done;
-		}
+		ENSURE_CONNECT_EVER_ATTEMPTED(rtx, sql_list, sql_node);
 
 		if (mysql_real_query(sql_node->mysql, qstr, qlen) != 0)
 		{
@@ -734,11 +777,7 @@ static int fnc_store_result (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
 
 		res_list = rtx_to_res_list(rtx, fi);
 
-		if (!sql_node->connect_ever_attempted)
-		{
-			set_error_on_sql_list (rtx, sql_list, QSE_T("not connected"));
-			goto done;
-		}
+		ENSURE_CONNECT_EVER_ATTEMPTED(rtx, sql_list, sql_node);
 
 		res = mysql_store_result(sql_node->mysql);
 		if (!res)
@@ -888,21 +927,22 @@ struct inttab_t
 static fnctab_t fnctab[] =
 {
 	/* keep this table sorted for binary search in query(). */
-	{ QSE_T("autocommit"),    { { 1, 1, QSE_NULL },     fnc_autocommit,     0 } },
-	{ QSE_T("close"),         { { 1, 1, QSE_NULL },     fnc_close,          0 } },
-	{ QSE_T("commit"),        { { 1, 1, QSE_NULL },     fnc_commit,         0 } },
-	{ QSE_T("connect"),       { { 4, 8, QSE_NULL },     fnc_connect,        0 } },
-	{ QSE_T("errmsg"),        { { 0, 0, QSE_NULL },     fnc_errmsg,         0 } },
-	{ QSE_T("escape_string"), { { 2, 2, QSE_NULL },     fnc_escape_string,  0 } },
-	{ QSE_T("fetch_row"),     { { 2, 2, QSE_T("vr") },  fnc_fetch_row,      0 } },
-	{ QSE_T("free_result"),   { { 1, 1, QSE_NULL },     fnc_free_result,    0 } },
-	/*{ QSE_T("get_option"),    { { 3, 3, QSE_T("vr") },  fnc_get_option,     0 } },*/
-	{ QSE_T("open"),          { { 0, 0, QSE_NULL },     fnc_open,           0 } },
-	{ QSE_T("ping"),          { { 1, 1, QSE_NULL },     fnc_ping,           0 } },
-	{ QSE_T("query"),         { { 2, 2, QSE_NULL },     fnc_query,          0 } },
-	{ QSE_T("rollback"),      { { 1, 1, QSE_NULL },     fnc_rollback,       0 } },
-	{ QSE_T("set_option"),    { { 3, 3, QSE_NULL },     fnc_set_option,     0 } },
-	{ QSE_T("store_result"),  { { 1, 1, QSE_NULL },     fnc_store_result,   0 } }
+	{ QSE_T("affected_rows"),     { { 2, 2, QSE_T("vr") },  fnc_affected_rows,  0 } },
+	{ QSE_T("autocommit"),        { { 2, 2, QSE_NULL },     fnc_autocommit,     0 } },
+	{ QSE_T("close"),             { { 1, 1, QSE_NULL },     fnc_close,          0 } },
+	{ QSE_T("commit"),            { { 1, 1, QSE_NULL },     fnc_commit,         0 } },
+	{ QSE_T("connect"),           { { 4, 8, QSE_NULL },     fnc_connect,        0 } },
+	{ QSE_T("errmsg"),            { { 0, 0, QSE_NULL },     fnc_errmsg,         0 } },
+	{ QSE_T("escape_string"),     { { 3, 3, QSE_T("vvr") }, fnc_escape_string,  0 } },
+	{ QSE_T("fetch_row"),         { { 2, 2, QSE_T("vr") },  fnc_fetch_row,      0 } },
+	{ QSE_T("free_result"),       { { 1, 1, QSE_NULL },     fnc_free_result,    0 } },
+	/*{ QSE_T("get_option"),       { { 3, 3, QSE_T("vr") },  fnc_get_option,     0 } },*/
+	{ QSE_T("open"),              { { 0, 0, QSE_NULL },     fnc_open,           0 } },
+	{ QSE_T("ping"),              { { 1, 1, QSE_NULL },     fnc_ping,           0 } },
+	{ QSE_T("query"),             { { 2, 2, QSE_NULL },     fnc_query,          0 } },
+	{ QSE_T("rollback"),          { { 1, 1, QSE_NULL },     fnc_rollback,       0 } },
+	{ QSE_T("set_option"),        { { 3, 3, QSE_NULL },     fnc_set_option,     0 } },
+	{ QSE_T("store_result"),      { { 1, 1, QSE_NULL },     fnc_store_result,   0 } }
 };
 
 static inttab_t inttab[] =
@@ -1023,6 +1063,7 @@ static void unload (qse_awk_mod_t* mod, qse_awk_t* awk)
 
 	QSE_ASSERT (QSE_RBT_SIZE(rbt) == 0);
 	qse_rbt_close (rbt);
+//mysql_library_end ();
 }
 
 int qse_awk_mod_mysql (qse_awk_mod_t* mod, qse_awk_t* awk)
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/Mmgr.cpp b/qse/lib/cmn/Mmgr.cpp
index 6ed74bd1..225fed36 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/Mmgr.cpp
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/Mmgr.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ void Mmgr::free_mem (mmgr_t* mmgr, void* ptr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
 	((Mmgr*)mmgr->ctx)->freeMem (ptr);
 }
 
-void* Mmgr::callocate (qse_size_t n, bool raise_exception) QSE_CPP_THREXCEPT1(MemoryError)
+void* Mmgr::callocate (qse_size_t n, bool raise_exception) /*QSE_CPP_THREXCEPT1(MemoryError)*/
 {
 	void* ptr = this->allocate(n, raise_exception);
 	QSE_MEMSET (ptr, 0, n);
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ void Mmgr::setDFL (Mmgr* mmgr) QSE_CPP_NOEXCEPT
 QSE_END_NAMESPACE(QSE)
 /////////////////////////////////
 
-void* operator new (qse_size_t size, QSE::Mmgr* mmgr) QSE_CPP_THREXCEPT1(QSE::Mmgr::MemoryError)
+void* operator new (qse_size_t size, QSE::Mmgr* mmgr) /*QSE_CPP_THREXCEPT1(QSE::Mmgr::MemoryError)*/
 {
 	return mmgr->allocate (size);
 }
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ void operator delete (void* ptr, QSE::Mmgr* mmgr)
 	mmgr->dispose (ptr);
 }
 
-void* operator new (qse_size_t size, QSE::Mmgr* mmgr, void* existing_ptr) QSE_CPP_THREXCEPT1(QSE::Mmgr::MemoryError)
+void* operator new (qse_size_t size, QSE::Mmgr* mmgr, void* existing_ptr) /*QSE_CPP_THREXCEPT1(QSE::Mmgr::MemoryError)*/
 {
 	// mmgr unused. i put it in the parameter list to make this function
 	// less conflicting with the stock ::operator new() that doesn't allocate.