diff --git a/qse/cmd/awk/awk.c b/qse/cmd/awk/awk.c
index 84ac0033..72e365b1 100644
--- a/qse/cmd/awk/awk.c
+++ b/qse/cmd/awk/awk.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * $Id: awk.c 455 2011-05-09 16:11:13Z hyunghwan.chung $
+ * $Id: awk.c 456 2011-05-12 14:55:53Z hyunghwan.chung $
  *
     Copyright 2006-2011 Chung, Hyung-Hwan.
     This file is part of QSE.
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 #include <qse/cmn/stdio.h>
 #include <qse/cmn/main.h>
 #include <qse/cmn/xma.h>
-#include <qse/cmn/time.h>
 
 #include <string.h>
 #include <signal.h>
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/awk/awk.h b/qse/include/qse/awk/awk.h
index 49477119..3e057b98 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/awk/awk.h
+++ b/qse/include/qse/awk/awk.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * $Id: awk.h 441 2011-04-22 14:28:43Z hyunghwan.chung $
+ * $Id: awk.h 456 2011-05-12 14:55:53Z hyunghwan.chung $
  *
     Copyright 2006-2011 Chung, Hyung-Hwan.
     This file is part of QSE.
@@ -1898,6 +1898,34 @@ qse_awk_val_t* qse_awk_rtx_makemapval (
 	qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx
 );
 
+
+/**
+ * The qse_awk_rtx_setmapvalfld() function sets a field value in a map.
+ * You must make sure that the type of @a map is #QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP.
+ * @return value @a v on success, #QSE_NULL on failure.
+ */
+qse_awk_val_t* qse_awk_rtx_setmapvalfld (
+	qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx,
+	qse_awk_val_t* map,
+	qse_char_t*    kptr,
+	qse_size_t     klen,
+	qse_awk_val_t* v
+);
+
+/**
+ * The qse_awk_rtx_setmapvalfld() function gets the field value in a map.
+ * You must make sure that the type of @a map is #QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP.
+ * If the field is not found, the function fails and sets the error number
+ * to #QSE_AWK_EINVAL.
+ * @return field value on success, #QSE_NULL on failure.
+ */
+qse_awk_val_t* qse_awk_rtx_getmapvalfld (
+        qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx,
+	qse_awk_val_t* map,
+        qse_char_t*    kptr,
+	qse_size_t     klen
+);
+
 /**
  * The qse_awk_rtx_makerefval() function creates a reference value.
  * @return value on success, QSE_NULL on failure
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/Awk.cpp b/qse/lib/awk/Awk.cpp
index 0d8ac1d2..6e22c74a 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/Awk.cpp
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/Awk.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * $Id: Awk.cpp 441 2011-04-22 14:28:43Z hyunghwan.chung $
+ * $Id: Awk.cpp 456 2011-05-12 14:55:53Z hyunghwan.chung $
  * 
     Copyright 2006-2011 Chung, Hyung-Hwan.
     This file is part of QSE.
@@ -604,6 +604,7 @@ int Awk::Value::setIndexedVal (Run* r, const Index& idx, val_t* v)
 		qse_awk_rtx_refupval (r->rtx, map);
 		qse_awk_rtx_refupval (r->rtx, v);
 
+/* TODO: use qse_awk_rtx_setmapvalfld() */
 		/* update the map with a given value */
 		pair_t* pair = qse_htb_upsert (
 			((qse_awk_val_map_t*)map)->map, 
@@ -640,6 +641,7 @@ int Awk::Value::setIndexedVal (Run* r, const Index& idx, val_t* v)
 
 		qse_awk_rtx_refupval (r->rtx, v);
 
+/* TODO: use qse_awk_rtx_setmapvalfld() */
 		pair_t* pair = qse_htb_upsert (
 			((qse_awk_val_map_t*)val)->map, 
 			(char_t*)idx.ptr, idx.len, v, 0);
@@ -748,7 +750,6 @@ int Awk::Value::setIndexedStr (Run* r, const Index& idx, const char_t* str)
 	return n;
 }
 
-
 bool Awk::Value::isIndexed () const
 {
 	QSE_ASSERT (val != QSE_NULL);
@@ -767,6 +768,19 @@ int Awk::Value::getIndexed (const Index& idx, Value* v) const
 	}
 
 	// get the value from the map.
+	val_t* fv = qse_awk_rtx_getmapvalfld (val, idx.ptr, idx.len);
+
+	// the key is not found. it is not an error. v is just nil 
+	if (fv == QSE_NULL)
+	{
+		v->clear ();
+		return 0; 
+	}
+
+	// if v.set fails, it should return an error 
+	return v->setVal (run, fv);
+		
+#if 0
 	qse_awk_val_map_t* m = (qse_awk_val_map_t*)val;
 	pair_t* pair = qse_htb_search (m->map, idx.ptr, idx.len);
 
@@ -779,6 +793,7 @@ int Awk::Value::getIndexed (const Index& idx, Value* v) const
 
 	// if v.set fails, it should return an error 
 	return v->setVal (run, (val_t*)QSE_HTB_VPTR(pair));
+#endif
 }
 
 Awk::Value::IndexIterator Awk::Value::getFirstIndex (Index* idx) const
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/val.c b/qse/lib/awk/val.c
index 564314a0..cbe7e6ec 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/val.c
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/val.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * $Id: val.c 441 2011-04-22 14:28:43Z hyunghwan.chung $
+ * $Id: val.c 456 2011-05-12 14:55:53Z hyunghwan.chung $
  *
     Copyright 2006-2011 Chung, Hyung-Hwan.
     This file is part of QSE.
@@ -388,7 +388,6 @@ static void same_mapval (qse_htb_t* map, void* dptr, qse_size_t dlen)
 
 qse_awk_val_t* qse_awk_rtx_makemapval (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx)
 {
-	qse_awk_val_map_t* val;
 	static qse_htb_mancbs_t mancbs =
 	{
 	/* the key is copied inline into a pair and is freed when the pair
@@ -408,6 +407,7 @@ qse_awk_val_t* qse_awk_rtx_makemapval (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx)
 		QSE_HTB_SIZER_DEFAULT,
 		QSE_HTB_HASHER_DEFAULT
 	};
+	qse_awk_val_map_t* val;
 
 	/* CHECK */
 	/* 
@@ -464,6 +464,69 @@ qse_awk_val_t* qse_awk_rtx_makemapval (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx)
 	return (qse_awk_val_t*)val;
 }
 
+qse_awk_val_t* qse_awk_rtx_setmapvalfld (
+	qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, qse_awk_val_t* map, 
+	qse_char_t* kptr, qse_size_t klen, qse_awk_val_t* v)
+{
+	QSE_ASSERT (map->type == QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP);
+
+#if 0
+	if (map->type != QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP)
+	{
+		qse_awk_rtx_seterrnum (rtx, QSE_AWK_ENOTIDX, QSE_NULL);
+		return QSE_NULL;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if (qse_htb_upsert (
+		((qse_awk_val_map_t*)map)->map,
+		kptr, klen, v, 0) == QSE_NULL)
+	{
+		qse_awk_rtx_seterrnum (rtx, QSE_AWK_ENOMEM, QSE_NULL);
+		return QSE_NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* the value is passed in by an external party. we can't refup()
+	 * and refdown() the value if htb_upsert() fails. that way, the value
+	 * can be destroyed if it was passed with the reference count of 0.
+	 * so we increment the reference count when htb_upsert() is complete */
+	qse_awk_rtx_refupval (rtx, v);
+
+	return v;
+}
+
+qse_awk_val_t* qse_awk_rtx_getmapvalfld (
+	qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, qse_awk_val_t* map, 
+	qse_char_t* kptr, qse_size_t klen)
+{
+	qse_htb_pair_t* pair;
+
+	QSE_ASSERT (map->type == QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP);
+
+#if 0
+	if (map->type != QSE_AWK_VAL_MAP)
+	{
+		qse_awk_rtx_seterrnum (rtx, QSE_AWK_ENOTIDX, QSE_NULL);
+		return QSE_NULL;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	pair = qse_htb_search (((qse_awk_val_map_t*)map)->map, kptr, klen);
+	if (pair == QSE_NULL)
+	{
+		/* the given key is not found in the map.
+		 * we return NULL here as this function is called by 
+		 * a user unlike the awk statement accessing the map key.
+		 * so you can easily determine if the key is found by
+		 * checking the error number.
+		 */
+		qse_awk_rtx_seterrnum (rtx, QSE_AWK_EINVAL, QSE_NULL);
+		return QSE_NULL;
+	}
+		
+	return QSE_HTB_VPTR(pair);
+}
+
 qse_awk_val_t* qse_awk_rtx_makerefval (
 	qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, int id, qse_awk_val_t** adr)
 {