diff --git a/qse/cmd/awk/awk.c b/qse/cmd/awk/awk.c
index 63784f9b..56ac923c 100644
--- a/qse/cmd/awk/awk.c
+++ b/qse/cmd/awk/awk.c
@@ -1314,3 +1314,19 @@ oops:
 	return ret;
 }
 
+
+#if defined(FAKE_SOCKET)
+socket () {}
+listen () {}
+accept () {}
+recvfrom () {}
+connect () {}
+getsockopt () {}
+recv      () {}
+setsockopt () {}
+send      () {}
+bind     () {}
+shutdown  () {}  
+
+void* memmove (void* x, void* y, size_t z) {}
+#endif
diff --git a/qse/configure b/qse/configure
index 21f60335..1ca0690c 100755
--- a/qse/configure
+++ b/qse/configure
@@ -17579,7 +17579,19 @@ _ACEOF
 fi
 done
 
-for ac_func in timegm timelocal
+for ac_func in lstat fchmod fsync ftruncate
+do :
+  as_ac_var=`$as_echo "ac_cv_func_$ac_func" | $as_tr_sh`
+ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "$ac_func" "$as_ac_var"
+if eval test \"x\$"$as_ac_var"\" = x"yes"; then :
+  cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
+#define `$as_echo "HAVE_$ac_func" | $as_tr_cpp` 1
+_ACEOF
+
+fi
+done
+
+for ac_func in timegm timelocal localtime_r gettimeofday settimeofday
 do :
   as_ac_var=`$as_echo "ac_cv_func_$ac_func" | $as_tr_sh`
 ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "$ac_func" "$as_ac_var"
@@ -17651,7 +17663,7 @@ _ACEOF
 fi
 done
 
-for ac_func in _vsnprintf _vsnwprintf
+for ac_func in snprintf _vsnprintf _vsnwprintf
 do :
   as_ac_var=`$as_echo "ac_cv_func_$ac_func" | $as_tr_sh`
 ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "$ac_func" "$as_ac_var"
diff --git a/qse/configure.ac b/qse/configure.ac
index 9e38b412..14a03758 100644
--- a/qse/configure.ac
+++ b/qse/configure.ac
@@ -144,13 +144,14 @@ AC_CHECK_FUNCS([mbsnrtowcs mbsrtowcs wcsnrtombs wcsrtombs])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([wctype iswctype wctrans towctrans])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([isblank iswblank])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([lseek64 stat64 fstat64 lstat64 ftruncate64 readdir64 dirfd])
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS([timegm timelocal])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS([lstat fchmod fsync ftruncate])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS([timegm timelocal localtime_r gettimeofday settimeofday])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([utime utimes])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([sysconf prctl fdopendir setrlimit getrlimit])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([backtrace backtrace_symbols])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([fork vfork posix_spawn gettid nanosleep select])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([makecontext swapcontext getcontext setcontext])
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS([_vsnprintf _vsnwprintf])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS([snprintf _vsnprintf _vsnwprintf])
 
 OLDLIBS="$LIBS"
 LIBS="$LIBM $LIBS"
diff --git a/qse/doc/page/installation.md b/qse/doc/page/installation.md
index 18f06a5a..a7032896 100644
--- a/qse/doc/page/installation.md
+++ b/qse/doc/page/installation.md
@@ -167,11 +167,13 @@ available for the native makefile for Watcom C/C++ for OS/2 only.
     ln -sf sys/net net
 
 - Specify GREP if configure fails to find an acceptable grep.
+- Specify RANLIB to /bin/true. 
+  /bin/ranlib ended up like this: *ranlib: .libs/libqsecmn.a: not an archive*
 - Build in the source tree. Building outside the source tree is likely to fail
   for dificiency of the bundled make utility.
 - Do not include -g in CFLAGS. 
 
-    ./configure GREP=/bin/grep CFLAGS=""
+    ./configure GREP=/bin/grep RANLIB=/bin/true CFLAGS=""
 
 - Change RANLIB from "ranlib" to "true" in libltdl/libtool.
 
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/cmn/slmb.h b/qse/include/qse/cmn/slmb.h
index ce22fd17..6fc1d00e 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/cmn/slmb.h
+++ b/qse/include/qse/cmn/slmb.h
@@ -24,11 +24,9 @@
 #include <qse/types.h>
 #include <qse/macros.h>
 
-/** @file
+/** \file
  * This file provides functions, types, macros for 
  * multibyte/wide-character conversion based on system locale.
- *
- * 
  */
 
 /**
@@ -39,9 +37,9 @@ typedef struct qse_mbstate_t qse_mbstate_t;
 struct qse_mbstate_t
 {
 #if defined(QSE_SIZEOF_MBSTATE_T) && (QSE_SIZEOF_MBSTATE_T > 0)
-	char dummy[QSE_SIZEOF_MBSTATE_T];
+	qse_uint8_t dummy[QSE_SIZEOF_MBSTATE_T];
 #else
-	char dummy[1];
+	qse_uint8_t dummy[1];
 #endif
 };
 
@@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ QSE_EXPORT qse_size_t qse_slwcrtoslmb (
  * It returns 0 if an invalid multibyte sequence is detected, mblen + 1 if the 
  * sequence is incomplete. It returns the number of bytes processed to form a 
  * wide character.
- * @note This function can not handle conversion producing non-initial
+ * \note This function can not handle conversion producing non-initial
  *       states. For each call, it assumes initial state.
  */
 QSE_EXPORT qse_size_t qse_slmbtoslwc (
@@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ QSE_EXPORT qse_size_t qse_slmbtoslwc (
  * It returns 0 if the wide character is illegal, mblen + 1 if mblen is not 
  * large enough to hold the multibyte sequence. On successful conversion, it 
  * returns the number of bytes in the sequence.
- * @note This function can not handle conversion producing non-initial
+ * \note This function can not handle conversion producing non-initial
  *       states. For each call, it assumes initial state.
  */
 QSE_EXPORT qse_size_t qse_slwctoslmb (
@@ -103,12 +101,12 @@ QSE_EXPORT qse_size_t qse_slwctoslmb (
 
 /**
  * The qse_slmblen() function scans a multibyte sequence to get the number of 
- * bytes needed to form a wide character. It does not scan more than @a mblen
+ * bytes needed to form a wide character. It does not scan more than \a mblen
  * bytes.
- * @return number of bytes processed on success, 
+ * \return number of bytes processed on success, 
  *         0 for invalid sequences, 
  *         mblen + 1 for incomplete sequences
- * @note This function can not handle conversion producing non-initial
+ * \note This function can not handle conversion producing non-initial
  *       states. For each call, it assumes initial state.
  */
 QSE_EXPORT qse_size_t qse_slmblen (
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/config.h.in b/qse/include/qse/config.h.in
index 5edf97c7..ed1c846f 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/config.h.in
+++ b/qse/include/qse/config.h.in
@@ -200,6 +200,9 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `expq' function. */
 #undef HAVE_EXPQ
 
+/* Define to 1 if you have the `fchmod' function. */
+#undef HAVE_FCHMOD
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <fcntl.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_FCNTL_H
 
@@ -236,6 +239,12 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `fstat64' function. */
 #undef HAVE_FSTAT64
 
+/* Define to 1 if you have the `fsync' function. */
+#undef HAVE_FSYNC
+
+/* Define to 1 if you have the `ftruncate' function. */
+#undef HAVE_FTRUNCATE
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `ftruncate64' function. */
 #undef HAVE_FTRUNCATE64
 
@@ -254,6 +263,9 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `gettid' function. */
 #undef HAVE_GETTID
 
+/* Define to 1 if you have the `gettimeofday' function. */
+#undef HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <ifaddrs.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_IFADDRS_H
 
@@ -302,6 +314,9 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <linux/sockios.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_LINUX_SOCKIOS_H
 
+/* Define to 1 if you have the `localtime_r' function. */
+#undef HAVE_LOCALTIME_R
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `log' function. */
 #undef HAVE_LOG
 
@@ -329,6 +344,9 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `lseek64' function. */
 #undef HAVE_LSEEK64
 
+/* Define to 1 if you have the `lstat' function. */
+#undef HAVE_LSTAT
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `lstat64' function. */
 #undef HAVE_LSTAT64
 
@@ -455,6 +473,9 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `setrlimit' function. */
 #undef HAVE_SETRLIMIT
 
+/* Define to 1 if you have the `settimeofday' function. */
+#undef HAVE_SETTIMEOFDAY
+
 /* Define if you have the shl_load function. */
 #undef HAVE_SHL_LOAD
 
@@ -485,6 +506,9 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `sinq' function. */
 #undef HAVE_SINQ
 
+/* Define to 1 if you have the `snprintf' function. */
+#undef HAVE_SNPRINTF
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <spawn.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_SPAWN_H
 
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/fnc.c b/qse/lib/awk/fnc.c
index 1d6217d5..b41fddb7 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/fnc.c
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/fnc.c
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ int qse_awk_fnc_split (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
 	qse_awk_val_t* a0, * a1, * a2, * t1, * t2;
 	qse_awk_val_type_t a1_vtype, a2_vtype, t1_vtype;
 
-	qse_cstr_t str = { QSE_NULL, 0 };
+	qse_cstr_t str;
 	qse_cstr_t fs;
 	qse_char_t* fs_free = QSE_NULL;
 	const qse_char_t* p;
@@ -615,6 +615,9 @@ int qse_awk_fnc_split (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, const qse_awk_fnc_info_t* fi)
 	qse_awk_errnum_t errnum;
 	int x;
 
+	str.ptr = QSE_NULL;
+	str.len = 0;
+
 	nargs = qse_awk_rtx_getnargs (rtx);
 	QSE_ASSERT (nargs >= 2 && nargs <= 3);
 
@@ -881,7 +884,7 @@ static int __substitute (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, qse_awk_int_t max_count)
 	qse_awk_val_type_t a0_vtype;
 
 	qse_cstr_t s0, s2;
-	qse_cstr_t s1 = { QSE_NULL, 0 };
+	qse_cstr_t s1;
 	const qse_char_t* s2_end;
 
 	qse_char_t* s0_free = QSE_NULL;
@@ -897,6 +900,9 @@ static int __substitute (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx, qse_awk_int_t max_count)
 
 	qse_awk_int_t sub_count;
 
+	s1.ptr = QSE_NULL;
+	s1.len = 0;
+
 	nargs = qse_awk_rtx_getnargs (rtx);
 	QSE_ASSERT (nargs >= 2 && nargs <= 3);
 
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/misc.c b/qse/lib/awk/misc.c
index 143583b1..e227c807 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/misc.c
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/misc.c
@@ -1194,8 +1194,10 @@ static int matchtre (
 	qse_cstr_t submat[9], qse_awk_errnum_t* errnum)
 {
 	int n;
-	qse_tre_match_t match[10] = { { 0, 0 }, };
+	/*qse_tre_match_t match[10] = { { 0, 0 }, };*/
+	qse_tre_match_t match[10];
 
+	QSE_MEMSET (match, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(match));
 	n = qse_tre_execx (tre, str->ptr, str->len, match, QSE_COUNTOF(match), opt);
 	if (n <= -1)
 	{
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/parse.c b/qse/lib/awk/parse.c
index 8c514f74..05f8e0d2 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/parse.c
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/parse.c
@@ -1016,8 +1016,12 @@ static int parse_progunit (qse_awk_t* awk)
 		if (MATCH(awk,TOK_NEWLINE) || MATCH(awk,TOK_SEMICOLON) || MATCH(awk,TOK_EOF))
 		{
 			/* blockless pattern */
-			int eof = MATCH(awk,TOK_EOF);
-			qse_awk_loc_t ploc = awk->ptok.loc;
+			int eof;
+			qse_awk_loc_t ploc;
+
+
+			eof = MATCH(awk,TOK_EOF);
+			ploc  = awk->ptok.loc;
 
 			awk->parse.id.block = PARSE_ACTION_BLOCK;
 			if (parse_action_block (awk, ptn, 1) == QSE_NULL)
@@ -1351,8 +1355,9 @@ static qse_awk_nde_t* parse_function (qse_awk_t* awk)
 static qse_awk_nde_t* parse_begin (qse_awk_t* awk)
 {
 	qse_awk_nde_t* nde;
-	qse_awk_loc_t xloc = awk->tok.loc;
+	qse_awk_loc_t xloc;
 
+	xloc = awk->tok.loc;
 	QSE_ASSERT (MATCH(awk,TOK_LBRACE));
 
 	if (get_token(awk) <= -1) return QSE_NULL; 
@@ -1376,8 +1381,9 @@ static qse_awk_nde_t* parse_begin (qse_awk_t* awk)
 static qse_awk_nde_t* parse_end (qse_awk_t* awk)
 {
 	qse_awk_nde_t* nde;
-	qse_awk_loc_t xloc = awk->tok.loc;
+	qse_awk_loc_t xloc;
 
+	xloc = awk->tok.loc;
 	QSE_ASSERT (MATCH(awk,TOK_LBRACE));
 
 	if (get_token(awk) <= -1) return QSE_NULL; 
@@ -1402,8 +1408,9 @@ static qse_awk_chain_t* parse_action_block (
 {
 	qse_awk_nde_t* nde;
 	qse_awk_chain_t* chain;
-	qse_awk_loc_t xloc = awk->tok.loc;
+	qse_awk_loc_t xloc;
 
+	xloc = awk->tok.loc;
 	if (blockless) nde = QSE_NULL;
 	else
 	{
@@ -1563,7 +1570,8 @@ static qse_awk_nde_t* parse_block (
 		{
 			/* parse an actual statement in a block */
 			{
-				qse_awk_loc_t sloc = awk->tok.loc;
+				qse_awk_loc_t sloc;
+				sloc = awk->tok.loc;
 				nde = parse_statement (awk, &sloc);
 			}
 
@@ -2155,7 +2163,9 @@ static qse_awk_nde_t* parse_if (qse_awk_t* awk, const qse_awk_loc_t* xloc)
 		if (get_token(awk) <= -1) goto oops;
 
 		{
-			qse_awk_loc_t eloc = awk->tok.loc;
+			qse_awk_loc_t eloc;
+
+			eloc = awk->tok.loc;
 			else_part = parse_statement (awk, &eloc);
 			if (else_part == QSE_NULL) goto oops;
 		}
@@ -2330,7 +2340,9 @@ static qse_awk_nde_t* parse_for (qse_awk_t* awk, const qse_awk_loc_t* xloc)
 	if (!MATCH(awk,TOK_RPAREN)) 
 	{
 		{
-			qse_awk_loc_t eloc = awk->tok.loc;
+			qse_awk_loc_t eloc;
+
+			eloc = awk->tok.loc;
 			incr = parse_expr_withdc (awk, &eloc);
 			if (incr == QSE_NULL) goto oops;
 		}
@@ -2511,7 +2523,9 @@ static qse_awk_nde_t* parse_return (qse_awk_t* awk, const qse_awk_loc_t* xloc)
 	}
 	else 
 	{
-		qse_awk_loc_t eloc = awk->tok.loc;
+		qse_awk_loc_t eloc;
+
+		eloc = awk->tok.loc;
 		val = parse_expr_withdc (awk, &eloc);
 		if (val == QSE_NULL) 
 		{
@@ -2549,7 +2563,9 @@ static qse_awk_nde_t* parse_exit (qse_awk_t* awk, const qse_awk_loc_t* xloc)
 	}
 	else 
 	{
-		qse_awk_loc_t eloc = awk->tok.loc;
+		qse_awk_loc_t eloc;
+
+		eloc = awk->tok.loc;
 		val = parse_expr_withdc (awk, &eloc);
 		if (val == QSE_NULL) 
 		{
@@ -2812,7 +2828,7 @@ static qse_awk_nde_t* parse_print (qse_awk_t* awk, const qse_awk_loc_t* xloc)
 		{
 			int i;
 			qse_awk_nde_exp_t* ep = (qse_awk_nde_exp_t*)args_tail;
-			struct 
+			static struct 
 			{
 				int opc;
 				int out;
@@ -2847,8 +2863,7 @@ static qse_awk_nde_t* parse_print (qse_awk_t* awk, const qse_awk_loc_t* xloc)
 				{
 					qse_awk_nde_t* tmp;
 
-					if (tab[i].opt && 
-					    !(awk->opt.trait&tab[i].opt)) break;
+					if (tab[i].opt && !(awk->opt.trait & tab[i].opt)) break;
 
 					tmp = args_tail;
 
@@ -3073,7 +3088,9 @@ static qse_awk_nde_t* parse_statement (
 	else if (MATCH(awk,TOK_LBRACE)) 
 	{
 		/* a block statemnt { ... } */
-		qse_awk_loc_t tloc = awk->ptok.loc;
+		qse_awk_loc_t tloc;
+
+		tloc = awk->ptok.loc;
 		if (get_token(awk) <= -1) return QSE_NULL; 
 		nde = parse_block_dc (awk, &tloc, 0);
 	}
@@ -3085,8 +3102,11 @@ static qse_awk_nde_t* parse_statement (
 		 * statement id can be changed in parse_statement_nb.
 		 * it will, in turn, call parse_statement which will
 		 * eventually change the statement id. */
-		int old_id = awk->parse.id.stmt;
-		qse_awk_loc_t tloc = awk->tok.loc;
+		int old_id;
+		qse_awk_loc_t tloc;
+
+		old_id = awk->parse.id.stmt;
+		tloc = awk->tok.loc;
 
 		/* set the current statement id */
 		awk->parse.id.stmt = awk->tok.type;
@@ -3238,7 +3258,9 @@ static qse_awk_nde_t* parse_expr (
 	}
 
 	{
-		qse_awk_loc_t eloc = awk->tok.loc;
+		qse_awk_loc_t eloc;
+
+		eloc = awk->tok.loc;
 		y = parse_expr_withdc (awk, &eloc);
 	}
 	if (y == QSE_NULL) 
@@ -5215,7 +5237,9 @@ static qse_awk_nde_t* parse_hashidx (
 		}
 
 		{
-			qse_awk_loc_t eloc = awk->tok.loc;
+			qse_awk_loc_t eloc;
+
+			eloc = awk->tok.loc;
 			tmp = parse_expr_withdc (awk, &eloc);
 		}
 		if (tmp == QSE_NULL) 
@@ -6709,24 +6733,16 @@ static qse_awk_mod_t* query_module (
 		qse_awk_mod_spec_t spec;
 		qse_size_t buflen;
 		/*qse_char_t buf[64 + 15] = QSE_T("_qse_awk_mod_");*/
-		qse_char_t buf[64 + 15] = 
-		{
-			QSE_T('_'), 
-			QSE_T('q'), 
-			QSE_T('s'), 
-			QSE_T('e'), 
-			QSE_T('_'), 
-			QSE_T('a'), 
-			QSE_T('w'), 
-			QSE_T('k'), 
-			QSE_T('_'), 
-			QSE_T('m'), 
-			QSE_T('o'), 
-			QSE_T('d'), 
-			QSE_T('_')
-			/* the terminating null isn't needed */
-		};
 
+		/* maximum module name length is 64. 15 is decomposed to 13 + 1 + 1.
+		 * 13 for _qse_awk_mod_t
+		 * 1 for _ at the end when qse_awk_mod_xxx_ is attempted.
+		 * 1 for the terminating '\0'
+		 */
+		qse_char_t buf[64 + 15]; 
+
+		/* the terminating null isn't needed in buf here */
+		QSE_MEMCPY (buf, QSE_T("_qse_awk_mod_"), QSE_SIZEOF(qse_char_t) * 13); 
 		if (segs[0].len > QSE_COUNTOF(buf) - 15)
 		{
 			/* module name too long  */
diff --git a/qse/lib/awk/run.c b/qse/lib/awk/run.c
index 472f4e1f..80a82725 100644
--- a/qse/lib/awk/run.c
+++ b/qse/lib/awk/run.c
@@ -1262,36 +1262,34 @@ static int defaultify_globals (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx)
 	struct gtab_t
 	{
 		int idx;
-		const qse_char_t* str;
-	} gtab[] =
+		const qse_char_t* str[2];
+	};
+	static struct gtab_t gtab[7] =
 	{
-		{ QSE_AWK_GBL_CONVFMT,   DEFAULT_CONVFMT },
-		{ QSE_AWK_GBL_FILENAME,  QSE_NULL },
-		{ QSE_AWK_GBL_OFILENAME, QSE_NULL },
-		{ QSE_AWK_GBL_OFMT,      DEFAULT_OFMT },
-		{ QSE_AWK_GBL_OFS,       DEFAULT_OFS },
-		{ QSE_AWK_GBL_ORS,       DEFAULT_ORS },
-		{ QSE_AWK_GBL_SUBSEP,    DEFAULT_SUBSEP },
+		{ QSE_AWK_GBL_CONVFMT,    { DEFAULT_CONVFMT, DEFAULT_CONVFMT  } },
+		{ QSE_AWK_GBL_FILENAME,   { QSE_NULL,        QSE_NULL         } },
+		{ QSE_AWK_GBL_OFILENAME,  { QSE_NULL,        QSE_NULL         } },
+		{ QSE_AWK_GBL_OFMT,       { DEFAULT_OFMT,    DEFAULT_OFMT     } },
+		{ QSE_AWK_GBL_OFS,        { DEFAULT_OFS,     DEFAULT_OFS      } },
+		{ QSE_AWK_GBL_ORS,        { DEFAULT_ORS,     DEFAULT_ORS_CRLF } },
+		{ QSE_AWK_GBL_SUBSEP,     { DEFAULT_SUBSEP,  DEFAULT_SUBSEP   } },
 	};
 
 	qse_awk_val_t* tmp;
 	qse_size_t i, j;
+	int stridx;
 
-	if (rtx->awk->opt.trait & QSE_AWK_CRLF)
-	{
-		/* ugly */
-		gtab[5].str = DEFAULT_ORS_CRLF;
-	}
 
+	stridx = (rtx->awk->opt.trait & QSE_AWK_CRLF)? 1: 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < QSE_COUNTOF(gtab); i++)
 	{
-		if (gtab[i].str == QSE_NULL || gtab[i].str[0] == QSE_T('\0'))
+		if (gtab[i].str[stridx] == QSE_NULL || gtab[i].str[stridx][0] == QSE_T('\0'))
 		{
 			tmp = qse_awk_val_zls;
 		}
 		else 
 		{
-			tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithstr (rtx, gtab[i].str);
+			tmp = qse_awk_rtx_makestrvalwithstr (rtx, gtab[i].str[stridx]);
 			if (tmp == QSE_NULL) return -1;
 		}
 		
@@ -1303,8 +1301,7 @@ static int defaultify_globals (qse_awk_rtx_t* rtx)
 		{
 			for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
 			{
-				qse_awk_rtx_setgbl (
-					rtx, gtab[i].idx, qse_awk_val_nil);
+				qse_awk_rtx_setgbl (rtx, gtab[i].idx, qse_awk_val_nil);
 			}
 
 			qse_awk_rtx_refdownval (rtx, tmp);
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/Makefile.am b/qse/lib/cmn/Makefile.am
index b69ad868..81ab34c0 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/Makefile.am
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/Makefile.am
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ noinst_HEADERS = \
 	tre.h \
 	tre-ast.h \
 	tre-compile.h \
-	tre-match-utils.h \
+	tre-match-ut.h \
 	tre-parse.h \
 	tre-stack.h
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ libqsecmn_la_SOURCES = \
 	nwio.c \
 	oht.c \
 	opt.c \
-	path-basename.c \
+	path-base.c \
 	path-canon.c \
 	pio.c \
 	pma.c \
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ libqsecmn_la_SOURCES = \
 	tre.c \
 	tre-ast.c \
 	tre-compile.c \
-	tre-match-backtrack.c \
-	tre-match-parallel.c \
+	tre-match-bt.c \
+	tre-match-pa.c \
 	tre-parse.c \
 	tre-stack.c \
 	uri.c \
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/Makefile.in b/qse/lib/cmn/Makefile.in
index a782ba6b..79a9e0bb 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/Makefile.in
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/Makefile.in
@@ -110,16 +110,15 @@ am__libqsecmn_la_SOURCES_DIST = alg-base64.c alg-rand.c alg-search.c \
 	fma.c fmt-intmax.c fmt-out.c fs.c fs-err.c fs-move.c glob.c \
 	hton.c ipad.c lda.c main.c mb8.c mbwc.c mbwc-str.c mem.c mux.c \
 	nwad.c nwad-skad.c nwif.c nwif-cfg.c nwio.c oht.c opt.c \
-	path-basename.c path-canon.c pio.c pma.c rbt.c rex.c sck.c \
-	sio.c sll.c slmb.c str-beg.c str-cat.c str-chr.c str-cnv.c \
-	str-cmp.c str-cpy.c str-del.c str-dup.c str-dyn.c str-end.c \
-	str-excl.c str-fcpy.c str-fmt.c str-fnmat.c str-incl.c \
-	str-join.c str-len.c str-pac.c str-pbrk.c str-put.c str-rev.c \
-	str-rot.c str-set.c str-spl.c str-spn.c str-str.c str-subst.c \
-	str-tok.c str-trm.c str-word.c task.c time.c tio.c tmr.c tre.c \
-	tre-ast.c tre-compile.c tre-match-backtrack.c \
-	tre-match-parallel.c tre-parse.c tre-stack.c uri.c utf8.c \
-	xma.c uni.c cp949.c cp950.c
+	path-base.c path-canon.c pio.c pma.c rbt.c rex.c sck.c sio.c \
+	sll.c slmb.c str-beg.c str-cat.c str-chr.c str-cnv.c str-cmp.c \
+	str-cpy.c str-del.c str-dup.c str-dyn.c str-end.c str-excl.c \
+	str-fcpy.c str-fmt.c str-fnmat.c str-incl.c str-join.c \
+	str-len.c str-pac.c str-pbrk.c str-put.c str-rev.c str-rot.c \
+	str-set.c str-spl.c str-spn.c str-str.c str-subst.c str-tok.c \
+	str-trm.c str-word.c task.c time.c tio.c tmr.c tre.c tre-ast.c \
+	tre-compile.c tre-match-bt.c tre-match-pa.c tre-parse.c \
+	tre-stack.c uri.c utf8.c xma.c uni.c cp949.c cp950.c
 @ENABLE_BUNDLED_UNICODE_TRUE@am__objects_1 = uni.lo
 @ENABLE_XCMGRS_TRUE@am__objects_2 = cp949.lo cp950.lo
 am_libqsecmn_la_OBJECTS = alg-base64.lo alg-rand.lo alg-search.lo \
@@ -127,18 +126,17 @@ am_libqsecmn_la_OBJECTS = alg-base64.lo alg-rand.lo alg-search.lo \
 	htb.lo fio.lo fma.lo fmt-intmax.lo fmt-out.lo fs.lo fs-err.lo \
 	fs-move.lo glob.lo hton.lo ipad.lo lda.lo main.lo mb8.lo \
 	mbwc.lo mbwc-str.lo mem.lo mux.lo nwad.lo nwad-skad.lo nwif.lo \
-	nwif-cfg.lo nwio.lo oht.lo opt.lo path-basename.lo \
-	path-canon.lo pio.lo pma.lo rbt.lo rex.lo sck.lo sio.lo sll.lo \
-	slmb.lo str-beg.lo str-cat.lo str-chr.lo str-cnv.lo str-cmp.lo \
+	nwif-cfg.lo nwio.lo oht.lo opt.lo path-base.lo path-canon.lo \
+	pio.lo pma.lo rbt.lo rex.lo sck.lo sio.lo sll.lo slmb.lo \
+	str-beg.lo str-cat.lo str-chr.lo str-cnv.lo str-cmp.lo \
 	str-cpy.lo str-del.lo str-dup.lo str-dyn.lo str-end.lo \
 	str-excl.lo str-fcpy.lo str-fmt.lo str-fnmat.lo str-incl.lo \
 	str-join.lo str-len.lo str-pac.lo str-pbrk.lo str-put.lo \
 	str-rev.lo str-rot.lo str-set.lo str-spl.lo str-spn.lo \
 	str-str.lo str-subst.lo str-tok.lo str-trm.lo str-word.lo \
 	task.lo time.lo tio.lo tmr.lo tre.lo tre-ast.lo tre-compile.lo \
-	tre-match-backtrack.lo tre-match-parallel.lo tre-parse.lo \
-	tre-stack.lo uri.lo utf8.lo xma.lo $(am__objects_1) \
-	$(am__objects_2)
+	tre-match-bt.lo tre-match-pa.lo tre-parse.lo tre-stack.lo \
+	uri.lo utf8.lo xma.lo $(am__objects_1) $(am__objects_2)
 libqsecmn_la_OBJECTS = $(am_libqsecmn_la_OBJECTS)
 AM_V_lt = $(am__v_lt_@AM_V@)
 am__v_lt_ = $(am__v_lt_@AM_DEFAULT_V@)
@@ -408,7 +406,7 @@ noinst_HEADERS = \
 	tre.h \
 	tre-ast.h \
 	tre-compile.h \
-	tre-match-utils.h \
+	tre-match-ut.h \
 	tre-parse.h \
 	tre-stack.h
 
@@ -416,17 +414,16 @@ libqsecmn_la_SOURCES = alg-base64.c alg-rand.c alg-search.c alg-sort.c \
 	assert.c chr.c dir.c dll.c env.c gdl.c htb.c fio.c fma.c \
 	fmt-intmax.c fmt-out.c fs.c fs-err.c fs-move.c glob.c hton.c \
 	ipad.c lda.c main.c mb8.c mbwc.c mbwc-str.c mem.c mux.c nwad.c \
-	nwad-skad.c nwif.c nwif-cfg.c nwio.c oht.c opt.c \
-	path-basename.c path-canon.c pio.c pma.c rbt.c rex.c sck.c \
-	sio.c sll.c slmb.c str-beg.c str-cat.c str-chr.c str-cnv.c \
-	str-cmp.c str-cpy.c str-del.c str-dup.c str-dyn.c str-end.c \
-	str-excl.c str-fcpy.c str-fmt.c str-fnmat.c str-incl.c \
-	str-join.c str-len.c str-pac.c str-pbrk.c str-put.c str-rev.c \
-	str-rot.c str-set.c str-spl.c str-spn.c str-str.c str-subst.c \
-	str-tok.c str-trm.c str-word.c task.c time.c tio.c tmr.c tre.c \
-	tre-ast.c tre-compile.c tre-match-backtrack.c \
-	tre-match-parallel.c tre-parse.c tre-stack.c uri.c utf8.c \
-	xma.c $(am__append_1) $(am__append_2)
+	nwad-skad.c nwif.c nwif-cfg.c nwio.c oht.c opt.c path-base.c \
+	path-canon.c pio.c pma.c rbt.c rex.c sck.c sio.c sll.c slmb.c \
+	str-beg.c str-cat.c str-chr.c str-cnv.c str-cmp.c str-cpy.c \
+	str-del.c str-dup.c str-dyn.c str-end.c str-excl.c str-fcpy.c \
+	str-fmt.c str-fnmat.c str-incl.c str-join.c str-len.c \
+	str-pac.c str-pbrk.c str-put.c str-rev.c str-rot.c str-set.c \
+	str-spl.c str-spn.c str-str.c str-subst.c str-tok.c str-trm.c \
+	str-word.c task.c time.c tio.c tmr.c tre.c tre-ast.c \
+	tre-compile.c tre-match-bt.c tre-match-pa.c tre-parse.c \
+	tre-stack.c uri.c utf8.c xma.c $(am__append_1) $(am__append_2)
 libqsecmn_la_LDFLAGS = -version-info 1:0:0 -no-undefined
 libqsecmn_la_LIBADD = $(SOCKET_LIBS) $(QUADMATH_LIBS)
 @ENABLE_CXX_TRUE@libqsecmnxx_la_SOURCES = \
@@ -550,7 +547,7 @@ distclean-compile:
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/nwio.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/oht.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/opt.Plo@am__quote@
-@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/path-basename.Plo@am__quote@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/path-base.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/path-canon.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/pio.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/pma.Plo@am__quote@
@@ -596,8 +593,8 @@ distclean-compile:
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tmr.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tre-ast.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tre-compile.Plo@am__quote@
-@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tre-match-backtrack.Plo@am__quote@
-@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tre-match-parallel.Plo@am__quote@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tre-match-bt.Plo@am__quote@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tre-match-pa.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tre-parse.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tre-stack.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/tre.Plo@am__quote@
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/fio.c b/qse/lib/cmn/fio.c
index 46c7bd55..7fc53807 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/fio.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/fio.c
@@ -1135,11 +1135,17 @@ int qse_fio_truncate (qse_fio_t* fio, qse_fio_off_t size)
 	}
 
 	return 0;
-#else
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_FTRUNCATE)
+
 	int n;
 	n = QSE_FTRUNCATE (fio->handle, size);
 	if (n <= -1) fio->errnum = syserr_to_errnum (errno);
 	return n;
+
+#else
+	fio->errnum = QSE_FIO_ENOIMPL;
+	return -1;
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1526,11 +1532,16 @@ int qse_fio_chmod (qse_fio_t* fio, int mode)
 	fio->errnum = QSE_FIO_ENOIMPL;
 	return (qse_fio_off_t)-1;
 
-#else
+#elif defined(HAVE_FCHMOD)
 	int n;
 	n = QSE_FCHMOD (fio->handle, mode);
 	if (n <= -1) fio->errnum = syserr_to_errnum (errno);
 	return n;
+
+#else
+	fio->errnum = QSE_FIO_ENOIMPL;
+	return -1;
+
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1569,12 +1580,16 @@ int qse_fio_sync (qse_fio_t* fio)
 	fio->errnum = QSE_FIO_ENOIMPL;
 	return (qse_fio_off_t)-1;
 
-#else
+#elif defined(HAVE_FSYNC)
 
 	int n;
 	n = QSE_FSYNC (fio->handle);
 	if (n <= -1) fio->errnum = syserr_to_errnum (errno);
 	return n;
+#else
+
+	fio->errnum = QSE_FIO_ENOIMPL;
+	return -1;
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/fmt-out.c b/qse/lib/cmn/fmt-out.c
index 2f65e553..b9e0519c 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/fmt-out.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/fmt-out.c
@@ -26,12 +26,15 @@
 #include "mem.h"
 #include "fmt.h"
 
-#include <stdio.h> /* for snrintf() */
+#include <stdio.h> /* for snrintf(). used for floating-point number formatting */
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || (defined(__WATCOMC__) && (__WATCOMC__ < 1200))
 #	define snprintf _snprintf 
+#	if !defined(HAVE_SNPRINTF)
+#		define HAVE_SNPRINTF
+#	endif
 #endif
 #if defined(HAVE_QUADMATH_H)
-#	include <quadmath.h> /* for quadmath_snprintf */
+#	include <quadmath.h> /* for quadmath_snprintf() */
 #endif
 /* TODO: remove stdio.h and quadmath.h once snprintf gets replaced by own 
 floting-point conversion implementation*/
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/fmt-out.h b/qse/lib/cmn/fmt-out.h
index 1eb0039d..a60d2d09 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/fmt-out.h
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/fmt-out.h
@@ -553,17 +553,18 @@ reswitch:
 			long double v_ld;
 			double v_d;
 			int dtype = 0;
+			qse_size_t newcapa;
 
 			if (lm_flag & LF_J)
 			{
 			#if (QSE_SIZEOF___FLOAT128 > 0) && defined(HAVE_QUADMATH_SNPRINTF) && (QSE_SIZEOF_FLTMAX_T == QSE_SIZEOF___FLOAT128)
 				v_qd = va_arg (ap, qse_fltmax_t);
 				dtype = LF_QD;
+			#elif QSE_SIZEOF_FLTMAX_T == QSE_SIZEOF_DOUBLE
+				v_d = va_arg (ap, qse_fltmax_t);
 			#elif QSE_SIZEOF_FLTMAX_T == QSE_SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE
 				v_ld = va_arg (ap, qse_fltmax_t);
 				dtype = LF_LD;
-			#elif QSE_SIZEOF_FLTMAX_T == QSE_SIZEOF_DOUBLE
-				v_d = va_arg (ap, qse_fltmax_t);
 			#else
 				#error Unsupported qse_flt_t
 			#endif
@@ -571,11 +572,16 @@ reswitch:
 			else if (lm_flag & LF_Z)
 			{
 				/* qse_flt_t is limited to double or long double */
-			#if QSE_SIZEOF_FLT_T == QSE_SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE
+
+				/* precedence goes to double if sizeof(double) == sizeof(long double) 
+				 * for example, %Lf didn't work on some old platforms.
+				 * so i prefer the format specifier with no modifier.
+				 */
+			#if QSE_SIZEOF_FLT_T == QSE_SIZEOF_DOUBLE
+				v_d = va_arg (ap, qse_flt_t);
+			#elif QSE_SIZEOF_FLT_T == QSE_SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE
 				v_ld = va_arg (ap, qse_flt_t);
 				dtype = LF_LD;
-			#elif QSE_SIZEOF_FLT_T == QSE_SIZEOF_DOUBLE
-				v_d = va_arg (ap, qse_flt_t);
 			#else
 				#error Unsupported qse_flt_t
 			#endif
@@ -648,26 +654,55 @@ reswitch:
 
 			if (dtype == LF_LD)
 				fltfmt.ptr[fmtlen++] = QSE_MT('L');
-			#if (QSE_SIZEOF___FLOAT128 > 0)
+		#if (QSE_SIZEOF___FLOAT128 > 0)
 			else if (dtype == LF_QD)
 				fltfmt.ptr[fmtlen++] = QSE_MT('Q');
-			#endif
+		#endif
 
 			fltfmt.ptr[fmtlen++] = ch;
 			fltfmt.ptr[fmtlen] = QSE_MT('\0');
 
+		#if defined(HAVE_SNPRINTF)	
+			/* nothing special here */
+		#else
+			/* best effort to avoid buffer overflow when no snprintf is available. 
+			 * i really can't do much if it happens. */
+			newcapa = precision + width + 32;
+			if (fltout.capa < newcapa)
+			{
+				QSE_ASSERT (fltout.ptr == fltout.sbuf);
+
+				fltout.ptr = QSE_MMGR_ALLOC (QSE_MMGR_GETDFL(), QSE_SIZEOF(char_t) * (newcapa + 1));
+				if (fltout.ptr == QSE_NULL) goto oops;
+				fltout.capa = newcapa;
+			}
+		#endif
+
 			while (1)
 			{
-				qse_size_t newcapa;
 
 				if (dtype == LF_LD)
+				{
+				#if defined(HAVE_SNPRINTF)
 					q = snprintf ((qse_mchar_t*)fltout.ptr, fltout.capa + 1, fltfmt.ptr, v_ld);
+				#else
+					q = sprintf ((qse_mchar_t*)fltout.ptr, fltfmt.ptr, v_ld);
+				#endif
+				}
 			#if (QSE_SIZEOF___FLOAT128 > 0) && defined(HAVE_QUADMATH_SNPRINTF)
 				else if (dtype == LF_QD)
+				{
 					q = quadmath_snprintf ((qse_mchar_t*)fltout.ptr, fltout.capa + 1, fltfmt.ptr, v_qd);
+				}
 			#endif
 				else
+				{
+				#if defined(HAVE_SNPRINTF)
 					q = snprintf ((qse_mchar_t*)fltout.ptr, fltout.capa + 1, fltfmt.ptr, v_d);
+				#else
+					q = sprintf ((qse_mchar_t*)fltout.ptr, fltfmt.ptr, v_d);
+				#endif
+				}
 				if (q <= -1) goto oops;
 				if (q <= fltout.capa) break;
 
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/fs-move.c b/qse/lib/cmn/fs-move.c
index 3070dad3..3d83359a 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/fs-move.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/fs-move.c
@@ -223,14 +223,22 @@ int qse_fs_move (
 
 	/* use lstat because we need to move the symbolic link 
 	 * itself if the file is a symbolic link */ 
+	#if defined(HAVE_LSTAT)
 	if (QSE_LSTAT (fop.old_path, &fop.old_stat) == -1)
+	#else
+	if (QSE_STAT (fop.old_path, &fop.old_stat) == -1) /* is this ok to use stat? */
+	#endif
 	{
 		fs->errnum = qse_fs_syserrtoerrnum (fs, errno);
 		goto oops;
 	}
 	else fop.flags |= FOP_OLD_STAT;
 
+	#if defined(HAVE_LSTAT)
 	if (QSE_LSTAT (fop.new_path, &fop.new_stat) == -1)
+	#else
+	if (QSE_STAT (fop.new_path, &fop.new_stat) == -1)
+	#endif
 	{
 		if (errno == ENOENT)
 		{
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/fs.c b/qse/lib/cmn/fs.c
index 9b231d63..c2c441bd 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/fs.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/fs.c
@@ -586,7 +586,11 @@ qse_fs_ent_t* qse_fs_read (qse_fs_t* fs, int flags)
 			return QSE_NULL;
 		}
 	
+	#if defined(HAVE_LSTAT)
 		x = QSE_LSTAT (mfname, &st);
+	#else
+		x = QSE_STAT (mfname, &st);
+	#endif
 		QSE_MMGR_FREE (fs->mmgr, mfname);
 
 		if (x == -1)
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/glob.c b/qse/lib/cmn/glob.c
index caf7c2cb..48ceb0b7 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/glob.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/glob.c
@@ -185,7 +185,13 @@ static int path_exists (glob_t* g, const qse_char_t* name)
 	if (mptr == QSE_NULL) return -1;
 #endif
 
-	return (lstat (mptr, &st) == 0)? 1: 0;
+#if defined(HAVE_LSTAT)
+	return (QSE_LSTAT (mptr, &st) == 0)? 1: 0;
+#else
+	/* use stat() if no lstat() is available. */
+	return (QSE_STAT (mptr, &st) == 0)? 1: 0;
+#endif
+
 	/* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 #endif
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/mem.c b/qse/lib/cmn/mem.c
index 3d19c365..60c4479d 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/mem.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/mem.c
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ static void* mmgr_alloc (qse_mmgr_t* mmgr, qse_size_t n)
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 	HANDLE heap;
 	heap = GetProcessHeap ();
-	if (heap == NULL) return QSE_NULL;
+	if (!heap) return QSE_NULL;
 	return HeapAlloc (heap, 0, n);	
 #else
 /* TODO: need to rewrite this for __OS2__ using DosAllocMem()? */
@@ -619,12 +619,17 @@ static void* mmgr_realloc (qse_mmgr_t* mmgr, void* ptr, qse_size_t n)
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 	HANDLE heap;
 	heap = GetProcessHeap ();
-	if (heap == NULL) return QSE_NULL;
+	if (!heap) return QSE_NULL;
 
 	return ptr? HeapReAlloc (heap, 0, ptr, n): 
 	            HeapAlloc (heap, 0, n);
 #else
-	return realloc (ptr, n);
+	/* realloc() on some old systems doesn't work like 
+	 * modern realloc() when ptr is NULL. let's divert
+	 * it to malloc() explicitly in such a case */
+
+	/*return realloc (ptr, n);*/
+	return ptr? realloc (ptr, n): malloc (n);
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/nwad-skad.c b/qse/lib/cmn/nwad-skad.c
index ba2d3d2d..37192660 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/nwad-skad.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/nwad-skad.c
@@ -48,7 +48,9 @@
 #	include <tcp.h> /* watt-32 */
 #	undef AF_UNIX
 #else
-#	include <sys/types.h>
+#	if defined(HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H)
+#		include <sys/types.h>
+#	endif
 #	include <sys/socket.h>
 #	include <netinet/in.h>
 #	if defined(HAVE_SYS_UN_H)
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/path-basename.c b/qse/lib/cmn/path-base.c
similarity index 100%
rename from qse/lib/cmn/path-basename.c
rename to qse/lib/cmn/path-base.c
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/pio.c b/qse/lib/cmn/pio.c
index c0f888e0..5da6e065 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/pio.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/pio.c
@@ -475,6 +475,8 @@ static int get_highest_fd (void)
 		return maxfd;
 	}
 
+/* TODO: should i also use getdtablesize() if available? */
+
 #if defined(HAVE_GETRLIMIT)
 	if (QSE_GETRLIMIT (RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim) <= -1 ||
 	    rlim.rlim_max == RLIM_INFINITY) 
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/rex.c b/qse/lib/cmn/rex.c
index fc6def08..a4cd3cf9 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/rex.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/rex.c
@@ -895,33 +895,21 @@ static qse_rex_node_t* comp_atom (comp_t* com)
 			default:
 				if (com->rex->option & QSE_REX_STRICT)
 				{
-					static qse_char_t spc[] =
-        				{
-						QSE_T(')'),
-						QSE_T('?'),
-						QSE_T('*'),
-						QSE_T('+'),
-						QSE_T('{'),
-						QSE_T('\0')
-					};
-
-					static qse_char_t nobound_spc[] =
-        				{
-						QSE_T(')'),
-						QSE_T('?'),
-						QSE_T('*'),
-						QSE_T('+'),
-						QSE_T('\0')
-					};
-
-					const qse_char_t* ptr;
-
-					ptr = (com->rex->option & QSE_REX_NOBOUND)? nobound_spc: spc;
-
-					if (qse_strchr (ptr, com->c.value))
+					/* check if a special charcter is at the 
+					 * position that requires a normal character. */
+					switch (com->c.value)
 					{
-						com->rex->errnum = QSE_REX_ESPCAWP;
-						return QSE_NULL;
+						case QSE_T('{'):
+							/* { is a normal charcter when bound is disabled */
+							if (com->rex->option & QSE_REX_NOBOUND) break;
+
+						case QSE_T(')'):
+						case QSE_T('?'):
+						case QSE_T('*'):
+						case QSE_T('+'):
+							/* it's at the wrong postion */
+							com->rex->errnum = QSE_REX_ESPCAWP;
+							return QSE_NULL;
 					}
 				}
 
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/slmb.c b/qse/lib/cmn/slmb.c
index 5fe5d1dd..358435e1 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/slmb.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/slmb.c
@@ -270,19 +270,25 @@ qse_size_t qse_slmbrlen (
 
 qse_size_t qse_slmbtoslwc (const qse_mchar_t* mb, qse_size_t mbl, qse_wchar_t* wc)
 {
-	qse_mbstate_t state = { { 0, } };
+	/*qse_mbstate_t state = { { 0, } };*/
+	qse_mbstate_t state;
+	QSE_MEMSET (&state, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(state));
 	return qse_slmbrtoslwc (mb, mbl, wc, &state);
 }
 
 qse_size_t qse_slwctoslmb (qse_wchar_t wc, qse_mchar_t* mb, qse_size_t mbl)
 {
-	qse_mbstate_t state = { { 0, } };
+	/*qse_mbstate_t state = { { 0, } };*/
+	qse_mbstate_t state;
+	QSE_MEMSET (&state, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(state));
 	return qse_slwcrtoslmb (wc, mb, mbl, &state);
 }
 
 qse_size_t qse_slmblen (const qse_mchar_t* mb, qse_size_t mbl)
 {
-	qse_mbstate_t state = { { 0, } };
+	/*qse_mbstate_t state = { { 0, } };*/
+	qse_mbstate_t state;
+	QSE_MEMSET (&state, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(state));
 	return qse_slmbrlen (mb, mbl, &state);
 }
 
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/syscall.h b/qse/lib/cmn/syscall.h
index 77cc61fe..f0228fd7 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/syscall.h
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/syscall.h
@@ -246,6 +246,18 @@
 #	define QSE_SETTIMEOFDAY(tv,tz) settimeofday(tv,tz)
 #endif
 
+#if defined(SYS_time) && defined(QSE_USE_SYSCALL)
+#	define QSE_TIME(tv) syscall(SYS_time,tv)
+#else
+#	define QSE_TIME(tv) time(tv)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SYS_stime) && defined(QSE_USE_SYSCALL)
+#	define QSE_STIME(tv) syscall(SYS_stime,tv)
+#else
+#	define QSE_STIME(tv) stime(tv)
+#endif
+
 #if defined(SYS_getrlimit) && defined(QSE_USE_SYSCALL)
 #	define QSE_GETRLIMIT(res,lim) syscall(SYS_getrlimit,res,lim)
 #else
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/time.c b/qse/lib/cmn/time.c
index 8dc483fa..ab512815 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/time.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/time.c
@@ -161,7 +161,8 @@ int qse_gettime (qse_ntime_t* t)
 	tv->nsec = 0;
 	
 	return 0;
-#else
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY)
 	struct timeval tv;
 	int n;
 
@@ -172,6 +173,12 @@ int qse_gettime (qse_ntime_t* t)
 	t->sec = tv.tv_sec;
 	t->nsec = QSE_USEC_TO_NSEC(tv.tv_usec);
 	return 0;
+
+#else
+	t->sec = QSE_TIME (QSE_NULL);
+	t->nsec = 0;
+
+	return 0;
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -229,7 +236,7 @@ int qse_settime (const qse_ntime_t* t)
 
 	return 0;
 
-#else
+#elif defined(HAVE_SETTIMEOFDAY)
 	struct timeval tv;
 	int n;
 
@@ -249,6 +256,12 @@ int qse_settime (const qse_ntime_t* t)
 	n = QSE_SETTIMEOFDAY (&tv, QSE_NULL);
 	if (n == -1) return -1;
 	return 0;
+
+#else
+
+	time_t tv;
+	tv = t->sec;
+	return (QSE_STIME (&tv) == -1)? -1: 0;
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -343,9 +356,12 @@ int qse_localtime (const qse_ntime_t* nt, qse_btime_t* bt)
 #	else
 #		error Please support other compilers
 #	endif
-#else
+#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
 	struct tm btm;
 	tm = localtime_r (&t, &btm);
+#else
+	/* thread unsafe */
+	tm = localtime (&t);
 #endif
 	if (tm == QSE_NULL) return -1;
 	
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/tmr.c b/qse/lib/cmn/tmr.c
index 7454cfde..590082d6 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/tmr.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/tmr.c
@@ -99,8 +99,11 @@ static qse_tmr_index_t sift_up (qse_tmr_t* tmr, qse_tmr_index_t index, int notif
 	parent = HEAP_PARENT(index);
 	if (index > 0 && YOUNGER_THAN(&tmr->event[index], &tmr->event[parent]))
 	{
-		qse_tmr_event_t item = tmr->event[index]; 
-		qse_size_t old_index = index;
+		qse_tmr_event_t item;
+		qse_size_t old_index;
+
+		item = tmr->event[index]; 
+		old_index = index;
 
 		do
 		{
@@ -131,8 +134,11 @@ static qse_tmr_index_t sift_down (qse_tmr_t* tmr, qse_tmr_index_t index, int not
 
 	if (index < base) /* at least 1 child is under the 'index' positmrn */
 	{
-		qse_tmr_event_t item = tmr->event[index];
-		qse_size_t old_index = index;
+		qse_tmr_event_t item;
+		qse_size_t old_index;
+
+		item = tmr->event[index];
+		old_index = index;
 
 		do
 		{
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-backtrack.c b/qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-bt.c
similarity index 99%
rename from qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-backtrack.c
rename to qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-bt.c
index 583f91f8..c0f93f76 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-backtrack.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-bt.c
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
 
 #include "tre.h"
-#include "tre-match-utils.h"
+#include "tre-match-ut.h"
 
 typedef struct
 {
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-parallel.c b/qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-pa.c
similarity index 99%
rename from qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-parallel.c
rename to qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-pa.c
index 6e5047c6..4fb2bbd9 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-parallel.c
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-pa.c
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
 
 #include "tre.h"
-#include "tre-match-utils.h"
+#include "tre-match-ut.h"
 
 typedef struct
 {
diff --git a/qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-utils.h b/qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-ut.h
similarity index 99%
rename from qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-utils.h
rename to qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-ut.h
index 94e060ec..23dccdab 100644
--- a/qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-utils.h
+++ b/qse/lib/cmn/tre-match-ut.h
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
  */
 
 /*
-  tre-match-utils.h - TRE matcher helper definitions
+  tre-match-ut.h - TRE matcher helper definitions
 
 This is the license, copyright notice, and disclaimer for TRE, a regex
 matching package (library and tools) with support for approximate
diff --git a/qse/lib/sed/sed.c b/qse/lib/sed/sed.c
index 444d2a2e..99d4b6fb 100644
--- a/qse/lib/sed/sed.c
+++ b/qse/lib/sed/sed.c
@@ -339,7 +339,9 @@ static int matchtre (
 #else
 
 	int n;
-	qse_tre_match_t match[10] = { { 0, 0 }, };
+	/*qse_tre_match_t match[10] = { { 0, 0 }, };*/
+	qse_tre_match_t match[10];
+	QSE_MEMSET (match, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(match));
 
 	n = qse_tre_execx (tre, str->ptr, str->len, match, QSE_COUNTOF(match), opt);
 	if (n <= -1)
@@ -1336,7 +1338,11 @@ do { \
 static int get_subst (qse_sed_t* sed, qse_sed_cmd_t* cmd)
 {
 	qse_cint_t c, delim;
-	qse_str_t* t[2] = { QSE_NULL, QSE_NULL };
+
+	/*qse_str_t* t[2] = { QSE_NULL, QSE_NULL };*/
+	qse_str_t* t[2];
+	t[0] = QSE_NULL;
+	t[1] = QSE_NULL;
 
 	c = CURSC (sed);
 	CHECK_CMDIC (sed, cmd, c, goto oops);