diff --git a/qse/configure b/qse/configure
index b8b13f7a..ccf3c5d6 100755
--- a/qse/configure
+++ b/qse/configure
@@ -23898,7 +23898,7 @@ QSE_PROJECT_AUTHOR="${PACKAGE_BUGREPORT}"
 QSE_PROJECT_URL="${PACKAGE_URL}"
 
 
-ac_config_files="$ac_config_files Makefile README include/Makefile include/qse/Makefile include/qse/cmn/Makefile include/qse/cry/Makefile include/qse/si/Makefile include/qse/awk/Makefile include/qse/sed/Makefile include/qse/xli/Makefile include/qse/http/Makefile include/qse/rad/Makefile include/qse/dhcp/Makefile lib/Makefile lib/cmn/Makefile lib/cry/Makefile lib/si/Makefile lib/awk/Makefile lib/sed/Makefile lib/xli/Makefile lib/http/Makefile lib/rad/Makefile lib/dhcp/Makefile lib/qsecmn.pc lib/qsecry.pc lib/qsesi.pc lib/qsesed.pc lib/qseawk.pc lib/qsexli.pc lib/qsehttp.pc lib/qserad.pc lib/qsedhcp.pc cmd/Makefile cmd/awk/Makefile cmd/sed/Makefile cmd/xli/Makefile cmd/http/Makefile samples/Makefile samples/cmn/Makefile samples/cry/Makefile samples/si/Makefile samples/awk/Makefile samples/sed/Makefile samples/http/Makefile samples/rad/Makefile regress/Makefile regress/awk/Makefile regress/awk/regress.sh regress/sed/Makefile regress/sed/regress.sh doc/Makefile doc/Doxyfile tools/Makefile"
+ac_config_files="$ac_config_files Makefile README include/Makefile include/qse/Makefile include/qse/cmn/Makefile include/qse/cry/Makefile include/qse/si/Makefile include/qse/awk/Makefile include/qse/sed/Makefile include/qse/xli/Makefile include/qse/http/Makefile include/qse/rad/Makefile include/qse/dhcp/Makefile lib/Makefile lib/cmn/Makefile lib/cry/Makefile lib/si/Makefile lib/awk/Makefile lib/sed/Makefile lib/xli/Makefile lib/http/Makefile lib/rad/Makefile lib/dhcp/Makefile lib/qsecmn.pc lib/qsecry.pc lib/qsesi.pc lib/qsesed.pc lib/qseawk.pc lib/qsexli.pc lib/qsehttp.pc lib/qserad.pc lib/qsedhcp.pc cmd/Makefile cmd/awk/Makefile cmd/sed/Makefile cmd/xli/Makefile cmd/http/Makefile samples/Makefile samples/cmn/Makefile samples/cry/Makefile samples/si/Makefile samples/awk/Makefile samples/sed/Makefile samples/http/Makefile samples/rad/Makefile samples/dhcp/Makefile regress/Makefile regress/awk/Makefile regress/awk/regress.sh regress/sed/Makefile regress/sed/regress.sh doc/Makefile doc/Doxyfile tools/Makefile"
 
 cat >confcache <<\_ACEOF
 # This file is a shell script that caches the results of configure
@@ -25121,6 +25121,7 @@ do
     "samples/sed/Makefile") CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES samples/sed/Makefile" ;;
     "samples/http/Makefile") CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES samples/http/Makefile" ;;
     "samples/rad/Makefile") CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES samples/rad/Makefile" ;;
+    "samples/dhcp/Makefile") CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES samples/dhcp/Makefile" ;;
     "regress/Makefile") CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES regress/Makefile" ;;
     "regress/awk/Makefile") CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES regress/awk/Makefile" ;;
     "regress/awk/regress.sh") CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES regress/awk/regress.sh" ;;
diff --git a/qse/configure.ac b/qse/configure.ac
index d16e5819..1d75ff0c 100644
--- a/qse/configure.ac
+++ b/qse/configure.ac
@@ -834,6 +834,7 @@ AC_CONFIG_FILES([
 	samples/sed/Makefile 
 	samples/http/Makefile
 	samples/rad/Makefile
+	samples/dhcp/Makefile
 	regress/Makefile
 	regress/awk/Makefile
 	regress/awk/regress.sh
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/cmn/Makefile.am b/qse/include/qse/cmn/Makefile.am
index 16162c96..ca590210 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/cmn/Makefile.am
+++ b/qse/include/qse/cmn/Makefile.am
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ pkginclude_HEADERS = \
 	time.h \
 	tmr.h \
 	tre.h \
+	test.h \
 	uni.h \
 	uri.h \
 	utf8.h \
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/cmn/Makefile.in b/qse/include/qse/cmn/Makefile.in
index ba735754..c93d2d60 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/cmn/Makefile.in
+++ b/qse/include/qse/cmn/Makefile.in
@@ -135,8 +135,8 @@ am__can_run_installinfo = \
 am__pkginclude_HEADERS_DIST = alg.h arr.h chr.h cp949.h cp950.h dll.h \
 	env.h fma.h fmt.h gdl.h htb.h htl.h hton.h hwad.h ipad.h \
 	main.h map.h mb8.h mbwc.h mem.h oht.h opt.h path.h pma.h rbt.h \
-	rex.h sll.h slmb.h str.h time.h tmr.h tre.h uni.h uri.h utf8.h \
-	xma.h Mmgr.hpp StdMmgr.hpp HeapMmgr.hpp Mmged.hpp \
+	rex.h sll.h slmb.h str.h time.h tmr.h tre.h test.h uni.h uri.h \
+	utf8.h xma.h Mmgr.hpp StdMmgr.hpp HeapMmgr.hpp Mmged.hpp \
 	ScopedPtr.hpp SharedPtr.hpp StrBase.hpp String.hpp Mpool.hpp \
 	Association.hpp LinkedList.hpp HashList.hpp HashTable.hpp \
 	RedBlackTree.hpp RedBlackTable.hpp Array.hpp BinaryHeap.hpp
@@ -374,8 +374,8 @@ top_srcdir = @top_srcdir@
 pkginclude_HEADERS = alg.h arr.h chr.h cp949.h cp950.h dll.h env.h \
 	fma.h fmt.h gdl.h htb.h htl.h hton.h hwad.h ipad.h main.h \
 	map.h mb8.h mbwc.h mem.h oht.h opt.h path.h pma.h rbt.h rex.h \
-	sll.h slmb.h str.h time.h tmr.h tre.h uni.h uri.h utf8.h xma.h \
-	$(am__append_1)
+	sll.h slmb.h str.h time.h tmr.h tre.h test.h uni.h uri.h \
+	utf8.h xma.h $(am__append_1)
 all: all-am
 
 .SUFFIXES:
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/cmn/test.h b/qse/include/qse/cmn/test.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..279b59c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/qse/include/qse/cmn/test.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ *
+    Copyright (c) 2006-2014 Chung, Hyung-Hwan. All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+    OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+    IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+    INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+    NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+    DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+    THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+    (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+    THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _QSE_CMN_TEST_H_
+#define _QSE_CMN_TEST_H_
+
+#include <qse/si/sio.h>
+
+#define QSE_TESASSERT_FAIL1(msg1) qse_printf(QSE_T("FAILURE in %hs[%d] - %s\n"), __func__, (int)__LINE__, msg1)
+#define QSE_TESASSERT_FAIL2(msg1,msg2) qse_printf(QSE_T("FAILURE in %hs[%d] - %s - %s\n"), __func__, (int)__LINE__, msg1, msg2)
+
+#define QSE_TESASSERT1(test,msg1) do { if (!(test)) { QSE_TESASSERT_FAIL1(msg1); goto oops; } } while(0)
+#define QSE_TESASSERT2(test,msg1,msg2) do { if (!(test)) { QSE_TESASSERT_FAIL2(msg1,msg2); goto oops; } } while(0)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/qse/include/qse/dhcp/dhcpmsg.h b/qse/include/qse/dhcp/dhcpmsg.h
index ddba9d22..bdb4e51e 100644
--- a/qse/include/qse/dhcp/dhcpmsg.h
+++ b/qse/include/qse/dhcp/dhcpmsg.h
@@ -11,8 +11,19 @@
 /* operation code */
 enum qse_dhcp4_op_t
 {
-	QSE_DHCP4OP_BOOTREQUEST = 1,
-	QSE_DHCP4OP_BOOTREPLY   = 2
+	QSE_DHCP4_OP_BOOTREQUEST = 1,
+	QSE_DHCP4_OP_BOOTREPLY   = 2
+};
+
+enum qse_dhcp4_htype_t
+{
+	QSE_DHCP4_HTYPE_ETHERNET   = 1,
+	QSE_DHCP4_HTYPE_IEEE802    = 6,
+	QSE_DHCP4_HTYPE_ARCNET     = 7,
+	QSE_DHCP4_HTYPE_APPLETALK  = 8,
+	QSE_DHCP4_HTYPE_HDLC       = 17,
+	QSE_DHCP4_HTYPE_ATM        = 19,
+	QSE_DHCP4_HTYPE_INFINIBAND = 32
 };
 
 /* option codes (partial) */
@@ -71,17 +82,29 @@ enum qse_dhcp4_opt_relay_t
 /* message type */
 enum qse_dhcp4_msg_t
 {
-	QSE_DHCP4MSG_DISCOVER = 1,
-	QSE_DHCP4MSG_OFFER    = 2,
-	QSE_DHCP4MSG_REQUEST  = 3,
-	QSE_DHCP4MSG_DECLINE  = 4,
-	QSE_DHCP4MSG_ACK      = 5,
-	QSE_DHCP4MSG_NAK      = 6,
-	QSE_DHCP4MSG_RELEASE  = 7,
-	QSE_DHCP4MSG_INFORM   = 8
+	QSE_DHCP4_MSG_DISCOVER         = 1,
+	QSE_DHCP4_MSG_OFFER            = 2,
+	QSE_DHCP4_MSG_REQUEST          = 3,
+	QSE_DHCP4_MSG_DECLINE          = 4,
+	QSE_DHCP4_MSG_ACK              = 5,
+	QSE_DHCP4_MSG_NAK              = 6,
+	QSE_DHCP4_MSG_RELEASE          = 7,
+	QSE_DHCP4_MSG_INFORM           = 8,
+
+	/*QSE_DHCP4_MSG_RENEW            = 9,*/
+
+	QSE_DHCP4_MSG_LEASE_QUERY      = 10,
+	QSE_DHCP4_MSG_LEASE_UNASSIGNED = 11,
+	QSE_DHCP4_MSG_LEASE_UNKNOWN    = 12,
+	QSE_DHCP4_MSG_LEASE_ACTIVE     = 13,
+
+	QSE_DHCP4_MSG_BULK_LEASE_QUERY = 14,
+	QSE_DHCP4_MSG_LEASE_QUERY_DONE = 15
 };
 
-struct qse_dhcp4_pkt_t
+#include <qse/pack1.h>
+
+struct qse_dhcp4_pkt_hdr_t
 {
 	qse_uint8_t  op; 
 	qse_uint8_t  htype; 
@@ -103,24 +126,74 @@ struct qse_dhcp4_pkt_t
 	 * the first four bytes of the options compose a magic cookie  
 	 * 0x63 0x82 0x53 0x63 */
 };
+typedef struct qse_dhcp4_pkt_hdr_t qse_dhcp4_pkt_hdr_t;
 
-typedef struct qse_dhcp4_pkt_t qse_dhcp4_pkt_t;
+struct qse_dhcp4_opt_hdr_t
+{
+	qse_uint8_t code;
+	qse_uint8_t len;
+};
+typedef struct qse_dhcp4_opt_hdr_t qse_dhcp4_opt_hdr_t;
+
+typedef int (*qse_dhcp4_opt_walker_t) (qse_dhcp4_opt_hdr_t* opt);
+
+struct qse_dhcp4_pktinf_t
+{
+	qse_dhcp4_pkt_hdr_t* hdr;
+	qse_size_t           len;
+};
+typedef struct qse_dhcp4_pktinf_t qse_dhcp4_pktinf_t;
+
+struct qse_dhcp4_pktbuf_t
+{
+	qse_dhcp4_pkt_hdr_t* hdr;
+	qse_size_t           len;
+	qse_size_t           capa;
+};
+typedef struct qse_dhcp4_pktbuf_t qse_dhcp4_pktbuf_t;
+
+#include <qse/unpack.h>
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-QSE_EXPORT qse_uint8_t* qse_dhcp4_get_options (
-	const qse_dhcp4_pkt_t* pkt,
-	qse_size_t             len,
-	qse_size_t*            olen /* option area length */
+QSE_EXPORT int qse_dhcp4_initialize_pktbuf (
+	qse_dhcp4_pktbuf_t* pkt,
+	void*               buf,
+	qse_size_t          capa
 );
 
-QSE_EXPORT qse_uint8_t* qse_dhcp4_get_option (
-	const qse_dhcp4_pkt_t* pkt,
-	qse_size_t             len,
-	int                    code,
-	qse_uint8_t*           olen
+QSE_EXPORT int qse_dhcp4_add_option (
+	qse_dhcp4_pktbuf_t* pkt,
+	int                 code,
+	void*               optr, /**< option data pointer */
+	qse_uint8_t         olen  /**< option data length */
+);
+
+QSE_EXPORT void qse_dhcp4_compact_options (
+	qse_dhcp4_pktbuf_t* pkt
+);
+
+#if 0
+QSE_EXPORT int qse_dhcp4_add_options (
+	qse_dhcp4_pkt_hdr_t* pkt,
+	qse_size_t       len,
+	qse_size_t       max,
+	int              code,
+	qse_uint8_t*     optr, /* option data */
+	qse_uint8_t      olen  /* option length */
+);
+#endif
+
+QSE_EXPORT int qse_dhcp4_walk_options (
+	const qse_dhcp4_pktinf_t* pkt,
+	qse_dhcp4_opt_walker_t    walker
+);
+
+QSE_EXPORT qse_dhcp4_opt_hdr_t* qse_dhcp4_find_option (
+	const qse_dhcp4_pktinf_t* pkt,
+	int                       ode
 );
 
 QSE_EXPORT qse_uint8_t* qse_dhcp4_get_relay_suboption (
@@ -130,16 +203,6 @@ QSE_EXPORT qse_uint8_t* qse_dhcp4_get_relay_suboption (
 	qse_uint8_t*       olen
 );
 
-
-QSE_EXPORT int qse_dhcp4_add_option (
-	qse_dhcp4_pkt_t* pkt,
-	qse_size_t       len,
-	qse_size_t       max,
-	int              code,
-	qse_uint8_t*     optr, /* option data */
-	qse_uint8_t      olen  /* option length */
-);
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/qse/lib/dhcp/dhcpmsg.c b/qse/lib/dhcp/dhcpmsg.c
index d19ff0c4..af33bdd4 100644
--- a/qse/lib/dhcp/dhcpmsg.c
+++ b/qse/lib/dhcp/dhcpmsg.c
@@ -2,44 +2,121 @@
 #include <qse/cmn/hton.h>
 #include "../cmn/mem-prv.h"
 
-qse_uint8_t* qse_dhcp4_get_options (const qse_dhcp4_pkt_t* pkt, qse_size_t len, qse_size_t* olen)
+#include <qse/pack1.h>
+struct magic_cookie_t
 {
-	qse_uint32_t cookie;
-	qse_size_t optlen;
-	qse_uint8_t* opt;
+	qse_uint32_t value;
+};
+typedef struct magic_cookie_t magic_cookie_t;
+#include <qse/unpack.h>
 
-	/* check if a packet is large enough to hold the known header */
-	if (len < QSE_SIZEOF(qse_dhcp4_pkt_t)) return QSE_NULL; 
-
-	/* get the length of option fields */
-	optlen = len - QSE_SIZEOF(qse_dhcp4_pkt_t);
-
-	/* check if a packet is large enough to have a magic cookie */
-	if (optlen < QSE_SIZEOF(cookie)) return QSE_NULL; 
-
-	/* get the pointer to the beginning of options */
-	opt = (qse_uint8_t*)(pkt + 1);
-
-	/* use QSE_MEMCPY to prevent any alignment issues */
-	QSE_MEMCPY (&cookie, opt, QSE_SIZEOF(cookie));
-	/* check if the packet contains the right magic cookie */
-	if (cookie != qse_hton32(QSE_DHCP4_MAGIC_COOKIE)) return QSE_NULL;
-
-	*olen = optlen - QSE_SIZEOF(cookie);
-	return (qse_uint8_t*)(opt + QSE_SIZEOF(cookie));
+int qse_dhcp4_initialize_pktbuf (qse_dhcp4_pktbuf_t* pkt, void* buf, qse_size_t capa)
+{
+	if (capa < QSE_SIZEOF(*pkt->hdr)) return -1;
+	pkt->hdr = (qse_dhcp4_pkt_hdr_t*)buf;
+	pkt->len = QSE_SIZEOF(*pkt->hdr);
+	pkt->capa = capa;
+	QSE_MEMSET (pkt->hdr, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(*pkt->hdr));
+	return 0;
 }
 
-qse_uint8_t* qse_dhcp4_get_option (const qse_dhcp4_pkt_t* pkt, qse_size_t len, int code, qse_uint8_t* olen)
+int qse_dhcp4_add_option (qse_dhcp4_pktbuf_t* pkt, int code, void* optr, qse_uint8_t olen)
+{
+	qse_dhcp4_opt_hdr_t* opthdr;
+	magic_cookie_t* cookie; 
+	int optlen;
+
+/* TODO: support to override sname and file */
+	if (pkt->len < QSE_SIZEOF(*pkt->hdr) || pkt->capa < pkt->len) 
+	{
+		/* the pktbuf_t structure got messy */
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (pkt->len == QSE_SIZEOF(*pkt->hdr))
+	{
+		/* the first option is being added */
+		if (pkt->capa - pkt->len < QSE_SIZEOF(*cookie)) return -1;
+		cookie = (magic_cookie_t*)((qse_uint8_t*)pkt->hdr + pkt->len);
+		cookie->value = QSE_CONST_HTON32(QSE_DHCP4_MAGIC_COOKIE);
+		pkt->len += QSE_SIZEOF(*cookie);
+	}
+	else if (pkt->len < QSE_SIZEOF(*pkt->hdr) + QSE_SIZEOF(*cookie))
+	{
+		/* no space for cookie */
+		return -1;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		cookie = (magic_cookie_t*)(pkt->hdr + 1);
+		if (cookie->value != QSE_CONST_HTON32(QSE_DHCP4_MAGIC_COOKIE)) return -1;
+	}
+
+/* do i need to disallow adding a new option if END is found? */
+
+	if (code == QSE_DHCP4_OPT_PADDING || code == QSE_DHCP4_OPT_END)
+	{
+		optlen = 1; /* no length field in the header and no option palyload */
+		if (pkt->capa - pkt->len < optlen) return -1;
+		opthdr = (qse_dhcp4_opt_hdr_t*)((qse_uint8_t*)pkt->hdr + pkt->len);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		optlen = QSE_SIZEOF(*opthdr) + olen;
+
+		if (pkt->capa - pkt->len < optlen) return -1;
+		opthdr = (qse_dhcp4_opt_hdr_t*)((qse_uint8_t*)pkt->hdr + pkt->len);
+
+		opthdr->len = olen;
+		if (olen > 0) QSE_MEMCPY (opthdr + 1, optr, olen);
+	}
+
+	opthdr->code = code;
+	pkt->len += optlen;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void qse_dhcp4_compact_options (qse_dhcp4_pktbuf_t* pkt)
+{
+	/* TODO: move some optiosn to sname or file fields if they are not in use. */
+}
+
+static qse_uint8_t* get_option_start (const qse_dhcp4_pkt_hdr_t* pkt, qse_size_t len, qse_size_t* olen)
+{
+	magic_cookie_t* cookie;
+	qse_size_t optlen;
+
+	/* check if a packet is large enough to hold the known header */
+	if (len < QSE_SIZEOF(qse_dhcp4_pkt_hdr_t)) return QSE_NULL; 
+
+	/* get the length of option fields */
+	optlen = len - QSE_SIZEOF(qse_dhcp4_pkt_hdr_t);
+
+	/* check if a packet is large enough to have a magic cookie */
+	if (optlen < QSE_SIZEOF(*cookie)) return QSE_NULL; 
+
+	/* get the pointer to the beginning of options */
+	cookie = (magic_cookie_t*)(pkt + 1);
+
+	/* check if the packet contains the right magic cookie */
+	if (cookie->value != QSE_CONST_HTON32(QSE_DHCP4_MAGIC_COOKIE)) return QSE_NULL;
+
+	*olen = optlen - QSE_SIZEOF(*cookie);
+	return (qse_uint8_t*)(cookie + 1);
+}
+
+int qse_dhcp4_walk_options (const qse_dhcp4_pktinf_t* pkt, qse_dhcp4_opt_walker_t walker)
 {
 	const qse_uint8_t* optptr[3];
 	qse_size_t optlen[3];
 	int i;
 
-	optptr[0] = qse_dhcp4_get_options (pkt, len, &optlen[0]);
-	if (optptr[0] == QSE_NULL) return QSE_NULL;
+	optptr[0] = get_option_start(pkt->hdr, pkt->len, &optlen[0]);
+	if (optptr[0] == QSE_NULL) return -1;
 
-	optptr[1] = (const qse_uint8_t*)pkt->file;
-	optptr[2] = (const qse_uint8_t*)pkt->sname;
+	optptr[1] = (const qse_uint8_t*)pkt->hdr->file;
+	optptr[2] = (const qse_uint8_t*)pkt->hdr->sname;
 	optlen[1] = 0;
 	optlen[2] = 0;
 
@@ -51,49 +128,99 @@ qse_uint8_t* qse_dhcp4_get_option (const qse_dhcp4_pkt_t* pkt, qse_size_t len, i
 		while (opt < end)
 		{
 			/* option code */
-			qse_uint8_t oc, ol;
+			qse_dhcp4_opt_hdr_t* opthdr;
 
-			oc = *opt++;
+			if (opt + QSE_SIZEOF(*opthdr) >= end) return -1;
+			opthdr = (qse_dhcp4_opt_hdr_t*)opt;
+			opt += QSE_SIZEOF(*opthdr);
 
-			if (oc == QSE_DHCP4_OPT_PADDING) continue;
-			if (oc == QSE_DHCP4_OPT_END) break;
-		
-			if (opt >= end) 
+			/* no len field exists for PADDING and END */
+			if (opthdr->code == QSE_DHCP4_OPT_PADDING) continue; 
+			if (opthdr->code == QSE_DHCP4_OPT_END) break;
+
+			if (opt + opthdr->len >= end) return -1; /* the length field is wrong */
+
+			if (opthdr->code == QSE_DHCP4_OPT_OVERLOAD)
+			{
+				if (opthdr->len != 1) return -1;
+				if (*opt & QSE_DHCP4_OPT_OVERLOAD_FILE) optlen[1] = QSE_SIZEOF(pkt->hdr->file);
+				if (*opt & QSE_DHCP4_OPT_OVERLOAD_SNAME) optlen[2] = QSE_SIZEOF(pkt->hdr->sname);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				int n;
+				if ((n = walker(opthdr)) <= -1) return -1;
+				if (n == 0) break; /* stop */
+			}
+
+			opt += opthdr->len;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+qse_dhcp4_opt_hdr_t* qse_dhcp4_find_option (const qse_dhcp4_pktinf_t* pkt, int code)
+{
+	const qse_uint8_t* optptr[3];
+	qse_size_t optlen[3];
+	int i;
+
+	optptr[0] = get_option_start(pkt->hdr, pkt->len, &optlen[0]);
+	if (optptr[0] == QSE_NULL) return QSE_NULL;
+
+	optptr[1] = (const qse_uint8_t*)pkt->hdr->file;
+	optptr[2] = (const qse_uint8_t*)pkt->hdr->sname;
+	optlen[1] = 0;
+	optlen[2] = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+	{
+		const qse_uint8_t* opt = optptr[i];
+		const qse_uint8_t* end = opt + optlen[i];
+
+		while (opt < end)
+		{
+			/* option code */
+			qse_dhcp4_opt_hdr_t* opthdr;
+
+			if (opt + QSE_SIZEOF(*opthdr) >= end) 
 			{
 				/*return QSE_NULL; */
 				break;
 			}
+			opthdr = (qse_dhcp4_opt_hdr_t*)opt;
+			opt += QSE_SIZEOF(*opthdr);
+
+			if (opthdr->code == QSE_DHCP4_OPT_PADDING) continue;
+			if (opthdr->code == QSE_DHCP4_OPT_END) break;
 
 			/* option length */
-			ol = *opt++;
 
-			if (oc == code)
+			if (opthdr->code == code)
 			{
-				if (opt + ol >= end) 
+				if (opt + opthdr->len >= end) 
 				{
 					/*return QSE_NULL; */
 					break;
 				}
 
-				*olen = ol;
-				return (qse_uint8_t*)opt;
+				return opthdr;
 			}
 
-			if (oc == QSE_DHCP4_OPT_OVERLOAD)
+			if (opthdr->code == QSE_DHCP4_OPT_OVERLOAD)
 			{
-				if (ol != 1) 
+				if (opthdr->len != 1) 
 				{
 					/*return QSE_NULL; */
 					break;
 				}
 
-				if (*opt & QSE_DHCP4_OPT_OVERLOAD_FILE) 
-					optlen[1] = QSE_SIZEOF(pkt->file);
-				if (*opt & QSE_DHCP4_OPT_OVERLOAD_SNAME) 
-					optlen[2] = QSE_SIZEOF(pkt->sname);
+				if (*opt & QSE_DHCP4_OPT_OVERLOAD_FILE) optlen[1] = QSE_SIZEOF(pkt->hdr->file);
+				if (*opt & QSE_DHCP4_OPT_OVERLOAD_SNAME) optlen[2] = QSE_SIZEOF(pkt->hdr->sname);
 			}
 
-			opt += ol;
+			opt += opthdr->len;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -126,32 +253,3 @@ qse_uint8_t* qse_dhcp4_get_relay_suboption (const qse_uint8_t* ptr, qse_uint8_t
 }
 
 
-int qse_dhcp4_add_option (qse_dhcp4_pkt_t* pkt, qse_size_t len, qse_size_t max, int code, qse_uint8_t* optr, qse_uint8_t olen)
-{
-	qse_size_t optlen;
-
-#if 0
-	/* check if a packet is large enough to hold the known header */
-	if (len < QSE_SIZEOF(qse_dhcp4_pkt_t)) return -1; 
-
-	/* get the length of option fields */
-	optlen = len - QSE_SIZEOF(qse_dhcp4_pkt_t);
-
-	/* check if a packet is large enough to have a magic cookie */
-	if (optlen < QSE_SIZEOF(cookie)) return QSE_NULL; 
-
-	/* get the pointer to the beginning of options */
-	opt = (qse_uint8_t*)(pkt + 1);
-
-	/* use QSE_MEMCPY to prevent any alignment issues */
-	QSE_MEMCPY (&cookie, opt, QSE_SIZEOF(cookie));
-	/* check if the packet contains the right magic cookie */
-	if (cookie != qse_hton32(QSE_DHCP4_MAGIC_COOKIE)) return QSE_NULL;
-
-	*olen = optlen - QSE_SIZEOF(cookie);
-	optr = (qse_uint8_t*)(opt + QSE_SIZEOF(cookie));
-#endif
-
-	return -1;
-}
-
diff --git a/qse/samples/Makefile.am b/qse/samples/Makefile.am
index d579a014..c6081350 100644
--- a/qse/samples/Makefile.am
+++ b/qse/samples/Makefile.am
@@ -1 +1 @@
-SUBDIRS = cmn cry si awk sed http rad
+SUBDIRS = cmn cry si awk sed http rad dhcp
diff --git a/qse/samples/Makefile.in b/qse/samples/Makefile.in
index b70708dc..1ef8f1b1 100644
--- a/qse/samples/Makefile.in
+++ b/qse/samples/Makefile.in
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ target_alias = @target_alias@
 top_build_prefix = @top_build_prefix@
 top_builddir = @top_builddir@
 top_srcdir = @top_srcdir@
-SUBDIRS = cmn cry si awk sed http rad
+SUBDIRS = cmn cry si awk sed http rad dhcp
 all: all-recursive
 
 .SUFFIXES:
diff --git a/qse/samples/cmn/sp02.cpp b/qse/samples/cmn/sp02.cpp
index 93e36c8d..b18834b1 100644
--- a/qse/samples/cmn/sp02.cpp
+++ b/qse/samples/cmn/sp02.cpp
@@ -1,69 +1,105 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <qse/cmn/SharedPtr.hpp>
 #include <qse/cmn/HeapMmgr.hpp>
+#include <qse/cmn/test.h>
+
+static int test_marker[1000] = { 0, };
+static int array_deleted = 0;
 
 class X
 {
 public:
 	X(int y = 0): y(y)
 	{
-		printf ("X(%d) constructured\n", this->y);
+		qse_printf (QSE_T("X(%d) constructured\n"), this->y);
+		test_marker[y]++;
 	}
 
 	~X()
 	{
-		printf ("X(%d) destructed\n", this->y);
+		qse_printf (QSE_T("X(%d) destructed\n"), this->y);
+		test_marker[y]--;
 	}
 
 	int y;
 };
 
+struct array_deleter: QSE::SharedPtrArrayDeleter<X>
+{
+	void operator() (X* ptr, void* arg)
+	{
+		array_deleted++;
+		QSE::SharedPtrArrayDeleter<X>::operator() (ptr, arg);
+	}
+};
+
 struct destroy_x_in_mmgr
 {
 	void operator() (X* x, void* arg)
 	{
-		x->~X();	
+		array_deleted++;
+		x->~X();
 		::operator delete (x, (QSE::Mmgr*)arg);
 	}
 };
 
-void f2 ()
+int f2 ()
 {
-        QSE::HeapMmgr heap_mmgr (QSE::Mmgr::getDFL(), 30000);
-        QSE::HeapMmgr heap_mmgr_2 (QSE::Mmgr::getDFL(), 30000);
+	QSE::HeapMmgr heap_mmgr (QSE::Mmgr::getDFL(), 30000);
+	QSE::HeapMmgr heap_mmgr_2 (QSE::Mmgr::getDFL(), 30000);
 	QSE::SharedPtr<X> y (new X(1));
 	QSE::SharedPtr<X,QSE::SharedPtrMmgrDeleter<X> > k (&heap_mmgr);
 
-	{
-		QSE::SharedPtr<X> x1 (y);
-	}
-	printf ("----------------------------\n");
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (y->y == 1, QSE_T("unexpected value"));
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (test_marker[y->y] == 1, QSE_T("allocation tally wrong"));
 
 	{
-		QSE::SharedPtr<X,QSE::SharedPtrArrayDeleter<X> > x3 (new X[10]);
+		QSE::SharedPtr<X> x1 (y);
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (x1->y == 1, QSE_T("unexpected value"));
 	}
-	printf ("----------------------------\n");
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (test_marker[y->y] == 1, QSE_T("allocation tally wrong"));
+	qse_printf (QSE_T("----------------------------\n"));
+
+	{
+		//QSE::SharedPtr<X,QSE::SharedPtrArrayDeleter<X> > x3 (new X[10]);
+		QSE::SharedPtr<X,array_deleter > x3 (new X[10]);
+	}
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (array_deleted == 1, QSE_T("array not deleted"));
+	qse_printf (QSE_T("----------------------------\n"));
 
 	{
 		//QSE::SharedPtr<X> x2 (new(&heap_mmgr) X, destroy_x);
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (test_marker[2] == 0, QSE_T("allocation tally wrong"));
 		QSE::SharedPtr<X,destroy_x_in_mmgr> x2 (&heap_mmgr, new(&heap_mmgr) X(2), &heap_mmgr);
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (x2->y == 2, QSE_T("unexpected value"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (test_marker[2] == 1, QSE_T("allocation tally wrong"));
 	}
-	printf ("----------------------------\n");
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (test_marker[2] == 0, QSE_T("allocation tally wrong"));
+	qse_printf (QSE_T("----------------------------\n"));
 
 	{
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (test_marker[3] == 0, QSE_T("allocation tally wrong"));
 		QSE::SharedPtr<X,QSE::SharedPtrMmgrDeleter<X> > x4 (new(&heap_mmgr_2) X(3), &heap_mmgr_2);
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (test_marker[3] == 1, QSE_T("allocation tally wrong"));
 
 		k = x4;
 		QSE::SharedPtr<X,QSE::SharedPtrMmgrDeleter<X> > x5 (k);
 	}
-	printf ("----------------------------\n");
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (test_marker[3] == 1, QSE_T("allocation tally wrong"));
+	qse_printf (QSE_T("----------------------------\n"));
 
-	QSE_ASSERT (k->y == 3);
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (k->y == 3, QSE_T("unexpected value"));
+	return 0;
+
+oops:
+	return -1;
 }
 
 
 int main ()
 {
+	qse_open_stdsios();
 	f2 ();
+	qse_close_stdsios();
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/qse/samples/dhcp/Makefile.am b/qse/samples/dhcp/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..198132ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/qse/samples/dhcp/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+AiUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = nostdinc
+
+AM_CPPFLAGS = \
+	-I$(top_builddir)/include \
+	-I$(top_srcdir)/include \
+	-I$(includedir) 
+	
+bin_PROGRAMS = dhcp01 
+
+AM_LDFLAGS = -L../../lib/cmn -L../../lib/si -L../../lib/dhcp 
+LDADD = -lqsedhcp -lqsesi -lqsecmn 
+
+if WIN32 
+if WCHAR
+LDADD += $(UNICOWS_LIBS)
+endif
+endif
+
+dhcp01_SOURCES = dhcp01.c
+
+dhcp01_LDADD = $(LDADD)
diff --git a/qse/samples/dhcp/Makefile.in b/qse/samples/dhcp/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2ce8f872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/qse/samples/dhcp/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,706 @@
+# Makefile.in generated by automake 1.15 from Makefile.am.
+# @configure_input@
+
+# Copyright (C) 1994-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation
+# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
+# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without
+# even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+# PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
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+
+VPATH = @srcdir@
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+  else \
+    false; \
+  fi; \
+}
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+      ?) ;; \
+      *) echo "am__make_running_with_option: internal error: invalid" \
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+	$(top_srcdir)/m4/ax_cxx_namespace.m4 \
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+	$(top_srcdir)/m4/ax_pthread.m4 $(top_srcdir)/m4/libtool.m4 \
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+	$(top_srcdir)/m4/lx_find_mpi.m4 $(top_srcdir)/configure.ac
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+am__DEPENDENCIES_3 = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
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+am__v_lt_ = $(am__v_lt_@AM_DEFAULT_V@)
+am__v_lt_0 = --silent
+am__v_lt_1 = 
+AM_V_P = $(am__v_P_@AM_V@)
+am__v_P_ = $(am__v_P_@AM_DEFAULT_V@)
+am__v_P_0 = false
+am__v_P_1 = :
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+	$(CPPFLAGS) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)
+LTCOMPILE = $(LIBTOOL) $(AM_V_lt) --tag=CC $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) \
+	$(LIBTOOLFLAGS) --mode=compile $(CC) $(DEFS) \
+	$(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) \
+	$(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)
+AM_V_CC = $(am__v_CC_@AM_V@)
+am__v_CC_ = $(am__v_CC_@AM_DEFAULT_V@)
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+CCLD = $(CC)
+LINK = $(LIBTOOL) $(AM_V_lt) --tag=CC $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) \
+	$(LIBTOOLFLAGS) --mode=link $(CCLD) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) \
+	$(AM_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
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+am__v_CCLD_0 = @echo "  CCLD    " $@;
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+  case $$AM_UPDATE_INFO_DIR in \
+    n|no|NO) false;; \
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+	    -e 's|.*|.|' \
+	    -e 'p;x;s,.*/,,;s/$(EXEEXT)$$//;$(transform);s/$$/$(EXEEXT)/' | \
+	sed 'N;N;N;s,\n, ,g' | \
+	$(AWK) 'BEGIN { files["."] = ""; dirs["."] = 1 } \
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+	  END { for (d in files) print "f", d, files[d] }' | \
+	while read type dir files; do \
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+	    $(INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV) $(LIBTOOL) $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) $(LIBTOOLFLAGS) --mode=install $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $$files "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)$$dir" || exit $$?; \
+	    } \
+	; done
+
+uninstall-binPROGRAMS:
+	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
+	@list='$(bin_PROGRAMS)'; test -n "$(bindir)" || list=; \
+	files=`for p in $$list; do echo "$$p"; done | \
+	  sed -e 'h;s,^.*/,,;s/$(EXEEXT)$$//;$(transform)' \
+	      -e 's/$$/$(EXEEXT)/' \
+	`; \
+	test -n "$$list" || exit 0; \
+	echo " ( cd '$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)' && rm -f" $$files ")"; \
+	cd "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)" && rm -f $$files
+
+clean-binPROGRAMS:
+	@list='$(bin_PROGRAMS)'; test -n "$$list" || exit 0; \
+	echo " rm -f" $$list; \
+	rm -f $$list || exit $$?; \
+	test -n "$(EXEEXT)" || exit 0; \
+	list=`for p in $$list; do echo "$$p"; done | sed 's/$(EXEEXT)$$//'`; \
+	echo " rm -f" $$list; \
+	rm -f $$list
+
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+	$(am__define_uniq_tagged_files); mkid -fID $$unique
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+	$(am__define_uniq_tagged_files); \
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+	      $$unique; \
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+	fi
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+	  if test -f "$$i"; then \
+	    echo "$(subdir)/$$i"; \
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+	    || cp -p $$d/$$file "$(distdir)/$$file" \
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+	      install; \
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+	  $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
+	    install_sh_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG=-s \
+	    "INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV=STRIPPROG='$(STRIP)'" install; \
+	fi
+mostlyclean-generic:
+
+clean-generic:
+
+distclean-generic:
+	-test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)
+	-test . = "$(srcdir)" || test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)
+
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+	@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use"
+	@echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
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+	mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool pdf pdf-am ps ps-am \
+	tags tags-am uninstall uninstall-am uninstall-binPROGRAMS
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+.PRECIOUS: Makefile
+
+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/qse/samples/dhcp/dhcp01.c b/qse/samples/dhcp/dhcp01.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d361fda6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/qse/samples/dhcp/dhcp01.c
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#include <qse/cmn/mem.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/str.h>
+#include <qse/dhcp/dhcpmsg.h>
+#include <qse/si/sio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/ipad.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/test.h>
+
+
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+
+#define R(f) \
+	do { \
+		qse_printf (QSE_T("== %s ==\n"), QSE_T(#f)); \
+		if (f() == -1) goto oops; \
+	} while (0)
+
+
+static int test10()
+{
+	struct sockaddr_in sin;
+	int s;
+	qse_uint8_t buf[10000];
+	qse_dhcp4_pktbuf_t pb;
+	qse_ip4ad_t ip4ad[3];
+
+	if ((s=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP)) == -1) return -1;
+
+	memset (&sin, 0, sizeof(sin));
+	sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
+	sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.1.2");
+	sin.sin_port = htons(67);
+
+	qse_dhcp4_initialize_pktbuf (&pb, buf, QSE_SIZEOF(buf));
+	pb.hdr->op = QSE_DHCP4_OP_BOOTREQUEST;
+	pb.hdr->htype = QSE_DHCP4_HTYPE_ETHERNET;
+	pb.hdr->hlen = 6;
+
+	qse_dhcp4_add_option (&pb, QSE_DHCP4_OPT_HOST_NAME, "my.server", 9);
+	qse_dhcp4_add_option (&pb, QSE_DHCP4_OPT_PADDING, QSE_NULL, 0);
+	qse_dhcp4_add_option (&pb, QSE_DHCP4_OPT_PADDING, QSE_NULL, 0);
+	qse_dhcp4_add_option (&pb, QSE_DHCP4_OPT_PADDING, QSE_NULL, 0);
+	qse_strtoip4ad (QSE_T("192.168.1.1"), &ip4ad[0]);
+	qse_strtoip4ad (QSE_T("192.168.1.2"), &ip4ad[1]);
+	qse_strtoip4ad (QSE_T("192.168.1.3"), &ip4ad[2]);
+	qse_dhcp4_add_option (&pb, QSE_DHCP4_OPT_NAME_SERVER, ip4ad, QSE_SIZEOF(ip4ad));
+	qse_dhcp4_add_option (&pb, QSE_DHCP4_OPT_END, QSE_NULL, 0);
+	sendto (s, pb.hdr, pb.len, 0, &sin, sizeof(sin));
+
+	close (s);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main ()
+{
+	qse_open_stdsios (); 
+
+	R (test10);
+
+oops:
+	qse_close_stdsios ();
+	return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/qse/samples/rad/raddic01.c b/qse/samples/rad/raddic01.c
index 6e291db5..cc7f19b3 100644
--- a/qse/samples/rad/raddic01.c
+++ b/qse/samples/rad/raddic01.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <qse/rad/raddic.h>
 #include <qse/si/sio.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <qse/cmn/test.h>
 
 #if 0
 #include <qse/rad/radmsg.h>
@@ -17,42 +18,36 @@
 		if (f() == -1) goto oops; \
 	} while (0)
 
-#define FAIL(msg) qse_printf(QSE_T("FAILURE in %hs line %d - %s\n"), __func__, __LINE__, msg)
-#define FAIL2(msg1,msg2) qse_printf(QSE_T("FAILURE in %hs line %d - %s - %s\n"), __func__, __LINE__, msg1, msg2)
-#define _assert(test,msg) do { if (!(test)) { FAIL(msg); goto oops; } } while(0)
-#define _assert2(test,msg1,msg2) do { if (!(test)) { FAIL2(msg1,msg2); goto oops; } } while(0)
-#define _verify(test) do { int r=test(); tests_run++; if(r) return r; } while(0)
-
 static int test1 ()
 {
 	qse_raddic_t* dic;
-	qse_raddic_vendor_t* vendor, * v;	
+	qse_raddic_vendor_t* vendor, * v;
 	int i;
 
 	dic = qse_raddic_open (QSE_MMGR_GETDFL(), 0);
-	_assert (dic != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to create a radius dictionary"));
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (dic != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to create a radius dictionary"));
 
 	vendor = qse_raddic_addvendor (dic, QSE_T("abiyo.net"), 12365);
-	_assert (vendor != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add the first vendor"));
-	_assert (vendor->vendorpec == 12365, QSE_T("the vendor value is not 12365"));
-	_assert (qse_strcasecmp(vendor->name, QSE_T("abiyo.net")) == 0, QSE_T("the vendor name is not abiyo.net"));
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (vendor != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add the first vendor"));
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (vendor->vendorpec == 12365, QSE_T("the vendor value is not 12365"));
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(vendor->name, QSE_T("abiyo.net")) == 0, QSE_T("the vendor name is not abiyo.net"));
 
 	vendor = qse_raddic_addvendor (dic, QSE_T("abiyo.net"), 99999);
-	_assert (vendor == QSE_NULL, QSE_T("a duplicate name must not be allowed"));
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (vendor == QSE_NULL, QSE_T("a duplicate name must not be allowed"));
 
 	vendor = qse_raddic_addvendor (dic, QSE_T("abiyo-aliased.net"), 12365);
-	_assert (vendor != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add a duplicate id"));
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (vendor != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add a duplicate id"));
 
 	vendor = qse_raddic_findvendorbyname (dic, QSE_T("Abiyo.Net"));
-	_assert (vendor != QSE_NULL && vendor->vendorpec == 12365, QSE_T("unable to find a vendor named Abiyo.Net"));
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (vendor != QSE_NULL && vendor->vendorpec == 12365, QSE_T("unable to find a vendor named Abiyo.Net"));
 
 	vendor = qse_raddic_findvendorbyvalue (dic, 12365);
-	_assert (vendor != QSE_NULL && vendor->vendorpec == 12365, QSE_T("unable to find a vendor of value 12365"));
-	_assert (qse_strcasecmp(vendor->name, QSE_T("abiyo-aliased.net")) == 0, QSE_T("unable to find a vendor of value 12365"));
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (vendor != QSE_NULL && vendor->vendorpec == 12365, QSE_T("unable to find a vendor of value 12365"));
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(vendor->name, QSE_T("abiyo-aliased.net")) == 0, QSE_T("unable to find a vendor of value 12365"));
 
 	vendor = qse_raddic_findvendorbyname (dic, QSE_T("Abiyo-aliased.Net"));
-	_assert (vendor != QSE_NULL && vendor->vendorpec == 12365, QSE_T("unable to find a vendor named Abiyo-aliased.Net"));
-	_assert (qse_strcasecmp(vendor->name, QSE_T("abiyo-aliased.net")) == 0, QSE_T("unable to find a vendor of value 12365"));
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (vendor != QSE_NULL && vendor->vendorpec == 12365, QSE_T("unable to find a vendor named Abiyo-aliased.Net"));
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(vendor->name, QSE_T("abiyo-aliased.net")) == 0, QSE_T("unable to find a vendor of value 12365"));
 
 #define COUNT1 600
 #define COUNT2 700
@@ -62,9 +57,9 @@ static int test1 ()
 		qse_char_t tmp[64];
 		qse_strxfmt(tmp, QSE_COUNTOF(tmp), QSE_T("test-%d"), i);
 		vendor = qse_raddic_addvendor (dic, tmp, i);
-		_assert (vendor != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add a vendor"));
-		_assert (vendor->vendorpec == i, QSE_T("wrong vendor value"));
-		_assert (qse_strcasecmp(vendor->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong vendor name"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (vendor != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add a vendor"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (vendor->vendorpec == i, QSE_T("wrong vendor value"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(vendor->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong vendor name"));
 	}
 
 	for (i = 1; i < COUNT1; i++)
@@ -72,9 +67,9 @@ static int test1 ()
 		qse_char_t tmp[64];
 		qse_strxfmt(tmp, QSE_COUNTOF(tmp), QSE_T("test-%d"), i);
 		vendor = qse_raddic_findvendorbyname (dic, tmp);
-		_assert (vendor != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find a vendor"));
-		_assert (vendor->vendorpec == i, QSE_T("wrong vendor value"));
-		_assert (qse_strcasecmp(vendor->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong vendor name"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (vendor != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find a vendor"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (vendor->vendorpec == i, QSE_T("wrong vendor value"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(vendor->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong vendor name"));
 	}
 
 	for (i = 1; i < COUNT1; i++)
@@ -82,9 +77,9 @@ static int test1 ()
 		qse_char_t tmp[64];
 		qse_strxfmt(tmp, QSE_COUNTOF(tmp), QSE_T("test-%d"), i);
 		vendor = qse_raddic_findvendorbyvalue (dic, i);
-		_assert (vendor != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find a vendor"));
-		_assert (vendor->vendorpec == i, QSE_T("wrong vendor value"));
-		_assert (qse_strcasecmp(vendor->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong vendor name"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (vendor != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find a vendor"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (vendor->vendorpec == i, QSE_T("wrong vendor value"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(vendor->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong vendor name"));
 	}
 
 	for (i = COUNT1; i < COUNT2; i++)
@@ -93,12 +88,12 @@ static int test1 ()
 		qse_strxfmt(tmp, QSE_COUNTOF(tmp), QSE_T("test-%d"), i);
 		vendor = qse_raddic_addvendor (dic, tmp, COUNT1); 
 		// insert different items with the same value
-		_assert (vendor != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add a vendor"));
-		_assert (vendor->vendorpec == COUNT1, QSE_T("wrong vendor value"));
-		_assert (qse_strcasecmp(vendor->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong vendor name"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (vendor != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add a vendor"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (vendor->vendorpec == COUNT1, QSE_T("wrong vendor value"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(vendor->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong vendor name"));
 
 		v = qse_raddic_findvendorbyvalue (dic, COUNT1);
-		_assert (vendor == v, QSE_T("unable to find a last added vendor by value"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (vendor == v, QSE_T("unable to find a last added vendor by value"));
 	}
 
 	for (i = COUNT1; i < COUNT2 - 1; i++)
@@ -109,24 +104,24 @@ static int test1 ()
 		qse_strxfmt(tmp, QSE_COUNTOF(tmp), QSE_T("test-%d"), i);
 
 		n = qse_raddic_deletevendorbyname (dic, tmp); 
-		_assert (n == 0, QSE_T("unable to delete a vendor"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (n == 0, QSE_T("unable to delete a vendor"));
 
 		v = qse_raddic_findvendorbyname (dic, tmp);
-		_assert (v == QSE_NULL, QSE_T("vendor found errorenously"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (v == QSE_NULL, QSE_T("vendor found errorenously"));
 
 		if (i == COUNT2 - 1)
 		{
 			v = qse_raddic_findvendorbyvalue (dic, COUNT1);
-			_assert (v == QSE_NULL, QSE_T("vendor of COUNT1 found errorenously"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (v == QSE_NULL, QSE_T("vendor of COUNT1 found errorenously"));
 		}
 		else
 		{
 			qse_strxfmt(tmp, QSE_COUNTOF(tmp), QSE_T("test-%d"), i + 1);
 			v = qse_raddic_findvendorbyname (dic, tmp);
-			_assert (v != QSE_NULL && v->vendorpec == COUNT1 && qse_strcasecmp(tmp, v->name) == 0, QSE_T("unable to find an expected vendor"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (v != QSE_NULL && v->vendorpec == COUNT1 && qse_strcasecmp(tmp, v->name) == 0, QSE_T("unable to find an expected vendor"));
 
 			v = qse_raddic_findvendorbyvalue (dic, COUNT1);
-			_assert (v != QSE_NULL && v->vendorpec == COUNT1, QSE_T("unable to find the vendor of COUNT1"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (v != QSE_NULL && v->vendorpec == COUNT1, QSE_T("unable to find the vendor of COUNT1"));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -137,7 +132,7 @@ static int test1 ()
 
 		qse_strxfmt(tmp, QSE_COUNTOF(tmp), QSE_T("test-%d"), i);
 		n = qse_raddic_deletevendorbyname (dic, tmp);
-		_assert (n == 0, QSE_T("unable to delete a vendor"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (n == 0, QSE_T("unable to delete a vendor"));
 	}
 
 	for (i = 1; i < COUNT1; i++)
@@ -145,31 +140,31 @@ static int test1 ()
 		qse_char_t tmp[64];
 		qse_strxfmt(tmp, QSE_COUNTOF(tmp), QSE_T("test-%d"), i);
 		v = qse_raddic_addvendor (dic, tmp, i);
-		_assert (v != QSE_NULL && v->vendorpec == i, QSE_T("unable to add a vendor"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (v != QSE_NULL && v->vendorpec == i, QSE_T("unable to add a vendor"));
 
 		qse_strxfmt(tmp, QSE_COUNTOF(tmp), QSE_T("testx-%d"), i);
 		v = qse_raddic_addvendor (dic, tmp, i);
-		_assert (v != QSE_NULL && v->vendorpec == i, QSE_T("unable to add a vendor"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (v != QSE_NULL && v->vendorpec == i, QSE_T("unable to add a vendor"));
 
 		qse_strxfmt(tmp, QSE_COUNTOF(tmp), QSE_T("testy-%d"), i);
 		v = qse_raddic_addvendor (dic, tmp, i);
-		_assert (v != QSE_NULL && v->vendorpec == i, QSE_T("unable to add a vendor"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (v != QSE_NULL && v->vendorpec == i, QSE_T("unable to add a vendor"));
 	}
 
 	for (i = 1; i < COUNT1; i++)
 	{
 		int n;
 		n = qse_raddic_deletevendorbyvalue (dic, i);
-		_assert (n == 0, QSE_T("unable to delete a vendor by value"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (n == 0, QSE_T("unable to delete a vendor by value"));
 
 		n = qse_raddic_deletevendorbyvalue (dic, i);
-		_assert (n == 0, QSE_T("unable to delete a vendor by value"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (n == 0, QSE_T("unable to delete a vendor by value"));
 
 		n = qse_raddic_deletevendorbyvalue (dic, i);
-		_assert (n == 0, QSE_T("unable to delete a vendor by value"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (n == 0, QSE_T("unable to delete a vendor by value"));
 
 		n = qse_raddic_deletevendorbyvalue (dic, i);
-		_assert (n <= -1, QSE_T("erroreneously successful vendor deletion by value"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (n <= -1, QSE_T("erroreneously successful vendor deletion by value"));
 	}
 
 	qse_raddic_close (dic);
@@ -190,7 +185,7 @@ static int test2 ()
 	int i, j;
 
 	dic = qse_raddic_open (QSE_MMGR_GETDFL(), 0);
-	_assert (dic != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to create a radius dictionary"));
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (dic != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to create a radius dictionary"));
 
 	memset (&f, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(f));
 
@@ -201,9 +196,9 @@ static int test2 ()
 			qse_char_t tmp[64];
 			qse_strxfmt(tmp, QSE_COUNTOF(tmp), QSE_T("test-%d-%d"), j, i);
 			attr = qse_raddic_addattr (dic, tmp, j, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_TYPE_UINT32, i, &f);
-			_assert (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
-			_assert (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
-			_assert (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -214,14 +209,14 @@ static int test2 ()
 			qse_char_t tmp[64];
 			qse_strxfmt(tmp, QSE_COUNTOF(tmp), QSE_T("test-%d-%d"), j, i);
 			attr = qse_raddic_findattrbyname (dic, tmp);
-			_assert (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find an attribute"));
-			_assert (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
-			_assert (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find an attribute"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
 
 			attr = qse_raddic_findattrbyvalue (dic, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i));
-			_assert (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find an attribute"));
-			_assert (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
-			_assert (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find an attribute"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -232,15 +227,15 @@ static int test2 ()
 			qse_char_t tmp[64];
 			qse_strxfmt(tmp, QSE_COUNTOF(tmp), QSE_T("testx-%d-%d"), j, i);
 			attr = qse_raddic_addattr (dic, tmp, j, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_TYPE_UINT32, i, &f);
-			_assert (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
-			_assert (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
-			_assert (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
 
 			qse_strxfmt(tmp, QSE_COUNTOF(tmp), QSE_T("testy-%d-%d"), j, i);
 			attr = qse_raddic_addattr (dic, tmp, j, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_TYPE_UINT32, i, &f);
-			_assert (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
-			_assert (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
-			_assert (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -254,34 +249,34 @@ static int test2 ()
 			qse_strxfmt(tmpy, QSE_COUNTOF(tmpy), QSE_T("testy-%d-%d"), j, i);
 
 			attr = qse_raddic_findattrbyname (dic, tmp);
-			_assert (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
-			_assert (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
-			_assert (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
 
 			attr = qse_raddic_findattrbyname (dic, tmpx);
-			_assert (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
-			_assert (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
-			_assert (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmpx) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmpx) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
 
 			attr = qse_raddic_findattrbyname (dic, tmpy);
-			_assert (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
-			_assert (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
-			_assert (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmpy) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmpy) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
 
 			attr = qse_raddic_findattrbyvalue (dic, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i));
-			_assert (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
-			_assert (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
-			_assert (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmpy) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmpy) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
 
-			_assert (attr->nexta != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find an old attribute"));
-			_assert (attr->nexta->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
-			_assert (qse_strcasecmp(attr->nexta->name, tmpx) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->nexta != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find an old attribute"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->nexta->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(attr->nexta->name, tmpx) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
 
-			_assert (attr->nexta->nexta != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find an old attribute"));
-			_assert (attr->nexta->nexta->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
-			_assert (qse_strcasecmp(attr->nexta->nexta->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->nexta->nexta != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find an old attribute"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->nexta->nexta->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(attr->nexta->nexta->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
 
-			_assert (attr->nexta->nexta->nexta == QSE_NULL, QSE_T("wrong attribute chian"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->nexta->nexta->nexta == QSE_NULL, QSE_T("wrong attribute chian"));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -294,7 +289,7 @@ static int test2 ()
 
 			qse_strxfmt(tmp, QSE_COUNTOF(tmp), QSE_T("testx-%d-%d"), j, i);
 			n = qse_raddic_deleteattrbyname (dic, tmp);
-			_assert (n == 0, QSE_T("erroreneous attribute deletion failure by name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (n == 0, QSE_T("erroreneous attribute deletion failure by name"));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -308,28 +303,28 @@ static int test2 ()
 			qse_strxfmt(tmpy, QSE_COUNTOF(tmpy), QSE_T("testy-%d-%d"), j, i);
 
 			attr = qse_raddic_findattrbyname (dic, tmp);
-			_assert (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
-			_assert (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
-			_assert (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
 
 			attr = qse_raddic_findattrbyname (dic, tmpx);
-			_assert (attr == QSE_NULL, QSE_T("erroneous search success"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr == QSE_NULL, QSE_T("erroneous search success"));
 
 			attr = qse_raddic_findattrbyname (dic, tmpy);
-			_assert (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
-			_assert (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
-			_assert (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmpy) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmpy) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
 
 			attr = qse_raddic_findattrbyvalue (dic, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i));
-			_assert (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
-			_assert (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
-			_assert (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmpy) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an attribute"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(attr->name, tmpy) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
 
-			_assert (attr->nexta != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find an old attribute"));
-			_assert (attr->nexta->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
-			_assert (qse_strcasecmp(attr->nexta->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->nexta != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find an old attribute"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->nexta->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong attr value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(attr->nexta->name, tmp) == 0, QSE_T("wrong attr name"));
 
-			_assert (attr->nexta->nexta == QSE_NULL, QSE_T("wrong attribute chian"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (attr->nexta->nexta == QSE_NULL, QSE_T("wrong attribute chian"));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -337,13 +332,13 @@ static int test2 ()
 	{
 		int n;
 		n = qse_raddic_deleteattrbyvalue (dic, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(0, 0));
-		_assert (n == 0, QSE_T("erroneous deletion failure by value"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (n == 0, QSE_T("erroneous deletion failure by value"));
 
 		n = qse_raddic_deleteattrbyvalue (dic, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(0, 0));
-		_assert (n == 0, QSE_T("erroneous deletion failure by value"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (n == 0, QSE_T("erroneous deletion failure by value"));
 
 		n = qse_raddic_deleteattrbyvalue (dic, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(0, 0));
-		_assert (n <= -1, QSE_T("erroneous deletion success by value"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (n <= -1, QSE_T("erroneous deletion success by value"));
 	}
 
 
@@ -356,9 +351,9 @@ static int test2 ()
 			qse_strxfmt(attrstr, QSE_COUNTOF(attrstr), QSE_T("test-%d-%d"), j, i);
 			qse_strxfmt(constr, QSE_COUNTOF(constr), QSE_T("const-%d-%d"), j, i);
 			con = qse_raddic_addconst (dic, constr, attrstr, 10);
-			_assert2 (con != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an constant"), qse_raddic_geterrmsg(dic));
-			_assert (con->value == 10, QSE_T("wrong constant value"));
-			_assert (qse_strcasecmp(con->name, constr) == 0, QSE_T("wrong constant name"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT2 (con != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to add an constant"), qse_raddic_geterrmsg(dic));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (con->value == 10, QSE_T("wrong constant value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (qse_strcasecmp(con->name, constr) == 0, QSE_T("wrong constant name"));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -371,14 +366,14 @@ static int test2 ()
 			qse_strxfmt(constr, QSE_COUNTOF(constr), QSE_T("const-%d-%d"), j, i);
 
 			con = qse_raddic_findconstbyname (dic, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), constr);
-			_assert (con != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find an constant"));
-			_assert (con->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong constant value"));
-			_assert (con->value == 10, QSE_T("wrong constant value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (con != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find an constant"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (con->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong constant value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (con->value == 10, QSE_T("wrong constant value"));
 
 			con = qse_raddic_findconstbyvalue (dic, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), 10);
-			_assert (con != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find an constant"));
-			_assert (con->value == 10, QSE_T("wrong constant value"));
-			_assert (con->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong constant value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (con != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to find an constant"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (con->value == 10, QSE_T("wrong constant value"));
+			QSE_TESASSERT1 (con->attr == QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(j, i), QSE_T("wrong constant value"));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -386,19 +381,19 @@ static int test2 ()
 		int n;
 
 		n = qse_raddic_deleteconstbyname (dic, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(1,1), QSE_T("const-1-1"));
-		_assert (n == 0, QSE_T("erroneous constant deletion failure"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (n == 0, QSE_T("erroneous constant deletion failure"));
 
 		n = qse_raddic_deleteconstbyname (dic, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(1,1), QSE_T("const-1-1"));
-		_assert (n <= -1, QSE_T("erroneous constant deletion success"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (n <= -1, QSE_T("erroneous constant deletion success"));
 
 		n = qse_raddic_deleteconstbyvalue (dic, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(2,2), 20);
-		_assert (n <= -1, QSE_T("erroneous constant deletion success"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (n <= -1, QSE_T("erroneous constant deletion success"));
 
 		n = qse_raddic_deleteconstbyvalue (dic, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(2,2), 10);
-		_assert (n == 0, QSE_T("erroneous constant deletion success"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (n == 0, QSE_T("erroneous constant deletion success"));
 
 		n = qse_raddic_deleteconstbyvalue (dic, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(2,2), 10);
-		_assert (n <= -1, QSE_T("erroneous constant deletion success"));
+		QSE_TESASSERT1 (n <= -1, QSE_T("erroneous constant deletion success"));
 	}
 
 	qse_raddic_close (dic);
@@ -417,20 +412,20 @@ static int test3 ()
 	int n, trait;
 
 	dic = qse_raddic_open (QSE_MMGR_GETDFL(), 0);
-	_assert (dic != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to create a radius dictionary"));
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (dic != QSE_NULL, QSE_T("unable to create a radius dictionary"));
 
 	trait = QSE_RADDIC_ALLOW_CONST_WITHOUT_ATTR | QSE_RADDIC_ALLOW_DUPLICATE_CONST;
 	n = qse_raddic_setopt (dic, QSE_RADDIC_TRAIT, &trait);
-	_assert (n == 0, QSE_T("cannot set trait"));
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (n == 0, QSE_T("cannot set trait"));
 
 	n = qse_raddic_load (dic, QSE_T("fr/dictionary"));
-	_assert2 (n == 0, QSE_T("unabled to load dictionary"), qse_raddic_geterrmsg(dic));
+	QSE_TESASSERT2 (n == 0, QSE_T("unabled to load dictionary"), qse_raddic_geterrmsg(dic));
 
 	v = qse_raddic_findvendorbyname (dic, QSE_T("cisco"));
-	_assert (v && v->vendorpec == 9, "wrong vendor value");
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (v && v->vendorpec == 9, "wrong vendor value");
 
 	c = qse_raddic_findconstbyname (dic, QSE_RADDIC_ATTR_MAKE(0,49), QSE_T("Reauthentication-Failure"));
-	_assert (c && c->value == 20, QSE_T("wrong constant value"));
+	QSE_TESASSERT1 (c && c->value == 20, QSE_T("wrong constant value"));
 
 	qse_raddic_close (dic);
 	return 0;