qse/lib/cmn/xma.c

/*
 * $Id$
 *
    Copyright (c) 2006-2019 Chung, Hyung-Hwan. All rights reserved.

    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    are met:
    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR
    IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
    OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
    IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
    INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
    NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
    DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
    THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
    (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
    THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <qse/cmn/xma.h>
#include "mem-prv.h"

/* set ALIGN to twice the pointer size to prevent unaligned memory access by
 * instructions dealing with data larger than the system word size. e.g. movaps on x86_64 
 * 
 * in the following run, movaps tries to write to the address 0x7fffea722f78.
 * since the instruction deals with 16-byte aligned data only, it triggered 
 * the general protection error.
 *
$ gdb ~/xxx/bin/qseawk
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x000000000042156a in set_global (rtx=rtx@entry=0x7fffea718ff8, idx=idx@entry=2,
    var=var@entry=0x0, val=val@entry=0x1, assign=assign@entry=0) at ../../../lib/run.c:358
358				rtx->gbl.fnr = lv;
(gdb) print &rtx->gbl.fnr
$1 = (qse_int_t *) 0x7fffea722f78
(gdb) disp /i 0x42156a
1: x/i 0x42156a
=> 0x42156a <set_global+874>:	movaps %xmm2,0x9f80(%rbp)
*/
#define ALIGN (QSE_SIZEOF_VOID_P * 2) /* this must be a power of 2 */

#define MBLKHDRSIZE (QSE_SIZEOF(qse_xma_mblk_t))
#define MINALLOCSIZE (QSE_SIZEOF(qse_xma_fblk_t) - QSE_SIZEOF(qse_xma_mblk_t))
#define FBLKMINSIZE (MBLKHDRSIZE + MINALLOCSIZE) /* or QSE_SIZEOF(qse_xma_fblk_t) - need space for the free links when the block is freeed */

/* NOTE: you must ensure that FBLKMINSIZE is equal to ALIGN or multiples of ALIGN */

#define SYS_TO_USR(b) ((qse_uint8_t*)(b) + MBLKHDRSIZE)
#define USR_TO_SYS(b) ((qse_uint8_t*)(b) - MBLKHDRSIZE)

/*
 * the xfree array is divided into three region
 * 0 ....................... FIXED ......................... XFIMAX-1 ... XFIMAX
 * |  small fixed-size chains |     large  chains                | huge chain |
 */
#define FIXED QSE_XMA_FIXED
#define XFIMAX(xma) (QSE_COUNTOF(xma->xfree)-1)

#define mblk_size(b) (((qse_xma_mblk_t*)(b))->size)
#define mblk_prev_size(b) (((qse_xma_mblk_t*)(b))->prev_size)
#define next_mblk(b) ((qse_xma_mblk_t*)((qse_uint8_t*)b + MBLKHDRSIZE + mblk_size(b)))
#define prev_mblk(b) ((qse_xma_mblk_t*)((qse_uint8_t*)b - (MBLKHDRSIZE + mblk_prev_size(b))))

struct qse_xma_mblk_t
{
	qse_size_t prev_size;

	/* the block size is shifted by 1 bit and the maximum value is
	 * offset by 1 bit because of the 'free' bit-field.
	 * i could keep 'size' without shifting with bit manipulation
	 * because the actual size is aligned and the last bit will
	 * never be 1. i don't think there is a practical use case where
	 * you need to allocate a huge chunk covering the entire
	 * address space of your machine. */
	qse_size_t free: 1;
	qse_size_t size: QSE_XMA_SIZE_BITS;/**< block size */
};

struct qse_xma_fblk_t 
{
	qse_size_t prev_size;
	qse_size_t free: 1;
	qse_size_t size: QSE_XMA_SIZE_BITS;/**< block size */

	/* these two fields are used only if the block is free */
	qse_xma_fblk_t* free_prev; /**< link to the previous free block */
	qse_xma_fblk_t* free_next; /**< link to the next free block */
};

/*#define VERIFY*/
#if defined(VERIFY)
static void DBG_VERIFY (qse_xma_t* xma, const char* desc)
{
	qse_xma_mblk_t* tmp, * next;
	qse_size_t cnt;
	qse_size_t fsum, asum; 
#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
	qse_size_t isum;
#endif

	for (tmp = (qse_xma_mblk_t*)xma->start, cnt = 0, fsum = 0, asum = 0; (qse_uint8_t*)tmp < xma->end; tmp = next, cnt++)
	{
		next = next_mblk(tmp);

		if ((qse_uint8_t*)tmp == xma->start)
		{
			QSE_ASSERT (tmp->prev_size == 0);
		}
		if ((qse_uint8_t*)next < xma->end)
		{
			QSE_ASSERT (next->prev_size == tmp->size);
		}

		if (tmp->free) fsum += tmp->size;
		else asum += tmp->size;
	}

#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
	isum = (xma->stat.nfree + xma->stat.nused) * MBLKHDRSIZE;
	QSE_ASSERT (asum == xma->stat.alloc);
	QSE_ASSERT (fsum == xma->stat.avail);
	QSE_ASSERT (isum == xma->stat.total - (xma->stat.alloc + xma->stat.avail));
	QSE_ASSERT (asum + fsum + isum == xma->stat.total);
#endif
}
#else
#define DBG_VERIFY(xma, desc)
#endif

static QSE_INLINE qse_size_t szlog2 (qse_size_t n) 
{
	/*
	 * 2**x = n;
	 * x = log2(n);
	 * -------------------------------------------
	 * 	unsigned int x = 0;
	 * 	while((n >> x) > 1) ++x;
	 * 	return x;
	 */

#define BITS (QSE_SIZEOF_SIZE_T * 8)
	int x = BITS - 1;

#if QSE_SIZEOF_SIZE_T >= 128
#	error qse_size_t too large. unsupported platform
#endif

#if QSE_SIZEOF_SIZE_T >= 64
	if ((n & (~(qse_size_t)0 << (BITS-128))) == 0) { x -= 256; n <<= 256; }
#endif
#if QSE_SIZEOF_SIZE_T >= 32
	if ((n & (~(qse_size_t)0 << (BITS-128))) == 0) { x -= 128; n <<= 128; }
#endif
#if QSE_SIZEOF_SIZE_T >= 16
	if ((n & (~(qse_size_t)0 << (BITS-64))) == 0) { x -= 64; n <<= 64; }
#endif
#if QSE_SIZEOF_SIZE_T >= 8
	if ((n & (~(qse_size_t)0 << (BITS-32))) == 0) { x -= 32; n <<= 32; }
#endif
#if QSE_SIZEOF_SIZE_T >= 4 
	if ((n & (~(qse_size_t)0 << (BITS-16))) == 0) { x -= 16; n <<= 16; }
#endif
#if QSE_SIZEOF_SIZE_T >= 2
	if ((n & (~(qse_size_t)0 << (BITS-8))) == 0) { x -= 8; n <<= 8; }
#endif
#if QSE_SIZEOF_SIZE_T >= 1
	if ((n & (~(qse_size_t)0 << (BITS-4))) == 0) { x -= 4; n <<= 4; }
#endif
	if ((n & (~(qse_size_t)0 << (BITS-2))) == 0) { x -= 2; n <<= 2; }
	if ((n & (~(qse_size_t)0 << (BITS-1))) == 0) { x -= 1; }

	return x;
#undef BITS
}

static QSE_INLINE qse_size_t getxfi (qse_xma_t* xma, qse_size_t size) 
{
	qse_size_t xfi = ((size) / ALIGN) - 1;
	if (xfi >= FIXED) xfi = szlog2(size) - (xma)->bdec + FIXED;
	if (xfi > XFIMAX(xma)) xfi = XFIMAX(xma);
	return xfi;
}


qse_xma_t* qse_xma_open (qse_mmgr_t* mmgr, qse_size_t xtnsize, void* zoneptr, qse_size_t zonesize)
{
	qse_xma_t* xma;

	xma = (qse_xma_t*)QSE_MMGR_ALLOC(mmgr, QSE_SIZEOF(*xma) + xtnsize);
	if (QSE_UNLIKELY(!xma)) return QSE_NULL;

	if (qse_xma_init(xma, mmgr, zoneptr, zonesize) <= -1)
	{
		QSE_MMGR_FREE (mmgr, xma);
		return QSE_NULL;
	}

	QSE_MEMSET (xma + 1, 0, xtnsize);
	return xma;
}

void qse_xma_close (qse_xma_t* xma)
{
	qse_xma_fini (xma);
	QSE_MMGR_FREE (xma->_mmgr, xma);
}

int qse_xma_init (qse_xma_t* xma, qse_mmgr_t* mmgr, void* zoneptr, qse_size_t zonesize)
{
	qse_xma_fblk_t* first;
	qse_size_t xfi;
	int internal = 0;

	if (!zoneptr)
	{
		/* round 'zonesize' to be the multiples of ALIGN */
		zonesize = QSE_ALIGNTO_POW2(zonesize, ALIGN);

		/* adjust 'zonesize' to be large enough to hold a single smallest block */
		if (zonesize < FBLKMINSIZE) zonesize = FBLKMINSIZE;

		zoneptr = QSE_MMGR_ALLOC(mmgr, zonesize);
		if (QSE_UNLIKELY(!zoneptr)) return -1;

		internal = 1;
	}
	else if (zonesize < FBLKMINSIZE) 
	{
		/* the zone size is too small for an externally allocated zone. */
/* TODO: difference error code from memory allocation failure.. this is not really memory shortage */
		return -1;
	}

	first = (qse_xma_fblk_t*)zoneptr;

	/* initialize the header part of the free chunk. the entire zone is a single free block */
	first->prev_size = 0;
	first->free = 1;
	first->size = zonesize - MBLKHDRSIZE; /* size excluding the block header */
	first->free_prev = QSE_NULL;
	first->free_next = QSE_NULL;

	QSE_MEMSET (xma, 0, QSE_SIZEOF(*xma));
	xma->_mmgr = mmgr;
	xma->bdec = szlog2(FIXED * ALIGN); /* precalculate the decrement value */

	/* at this point, the 'free' chunk is a only block available */

	/* get the free block index */
	xfi = getxfi(xma, first->size);
	/* locate it into an apporopriate slot */
	xma->xfree[xfi] = first; 
	/* let it be the head, which is natural with only a block */
	xma->start = (qse_uint8_t*)first;
	xma->end = xma->start + zonesize;
	xma->internal = internal;

	/* initialize some statistical variables */
#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
	xma->stat.total = zonesize;
	xma->stat.alloc = 0;
	xma->stat.avail = zonesize - MBLKHDRSIZE;
	xma->stat.nfree = 1;
	xma->stat.nused = 0;
#endif
	
	return 0;
}

void qse_xma_fini (qse_xma_t* xma)
{
	/* the head must point to the free chunk allocated in init().
	 * let's deallocate it */
	if (xma->internal) QSE_MMGR_FREE (xma->_mmgr, xma->start);
	xma->start = QSE_NULL;
	xma->end = QSE_NULL;
}

static QSE_INLINE void attach_to_freelist (qse_xma_t* xma, qse_xma_fblk_t* b)
{
	/* 
	 * attach a block to a free list 
	 */

	/* get the free list index for the block size */
	qse_size_t xfi = getxfi(xma, b->size); 

	/* let it be the head of the free list doubly-linked */
	b->free_prev = QSE_NULL; 
	b->free_next = xma->xfree[xfi];
	if (xma->xfree[xfi]) xma->xfree[xfi]->free_prev = b;
	xma->xfree[xfi] = b;
}

static QSE_INLINE void detach_from_freelist (qse_xma_t* xma, qse_xma_fblk_t* b)
{
	/* detach a block from a free list */
	qse_xma_fblk_t* p, * n;

	/* alias the previous and the next with short variable names */
	p = b->free_prev;
	n = b->free_next;

	if (p)
	{
		/* the previous item exists. let its 'next' pointer point to 
		 * the block's next item. */
		p->free_next = n;
	}
	else 
	{
		/* the previous item does not exist. the block is the first
 		 * item in the free list. */

		qse_size_t xfi = getxfi(xma, b->size);
		QSE_ASSERT (b == xma->xfree[xfi]);
		/* let's update the free list head */
		xma->xfree[xfi] = n;
	}

	/* let the 'prev' pointer of the block's next item point to the 
	 * block's previous item */
	if (n) n->free_prev = p;
}

static qse_xma_fblk_t* alloc_from_freelist (qse_xma_t* xma, qse_size_t xfi, qse_size_t size)
{
	qse_xma_fblk_t* cand;

	for (cand = xma->xfree[xfi]; cand; cand = cand->free_next)
	{
		if (cand->size >= size)
		{
			qse_size_t rem;

			detach_from_freelist (xma, cand);

			rem = cand->size - size;
			if (rem >= FBLKMINSIZE)
			{
				qse_xma_mblk_t* y, * z;

				/* the remaining part is large enough to hold 
				 * another block. let's split it 
				 */

				/* shrink the size of the 'cand' block */
				cand->size = size;

				/* let 'y' point to the remaining part */
				y = next_mblk(cand);

				/* initialize some fields */
				y->free = 1;
				y->size = rem - MBLKHDRSIZE;
				y->prev_size = cand->size;

				/* add the remaining part to the free list */
				attach_to_freelist (xma, (qse_xma_fblk_t*)y);

				z = next_mblk(y);
				if ((qse_uint8_t*)z < xma->end) z->prev_size = y->size;

#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
				xma->stat.avail -= MBLKHDRSIZE;
#endif
			}
#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
			else
			{
				/* decrement the number of free blocks as the current
				 * block is allocated as a whole without being split */
				xma->stat.nfree--;
			}
#endif

			cand->free = 0;
			/*
			cand->free_next = QSE_NULL;
			cand->free_prev = QSE_NULL;
			*/

#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
			xma->stat.nused++;
			xma->stat.alloc += cand->size;
			xma->stat.avail -= cand->size;
#endif
			return cand;
		}
	}

	return QSE_NULL;
}


void* qse_xma_alloc (qse_xma_t* xma, qse_size_t size)
{
	qse_xma_fblk_t* cand;
	qse_size_t xfi;

	DBG_VERIFY (xma, "alloc start");

	/* round up 'size' to the multiples of ALIGN */
	if (size < MINALLOCSIZE) size = MINALLOCSIZE;
	size = QSE_ALIGNTO_POW2(size, ALIGN);

	QSE_ASSERT (size >= ALIGN);
	xfi = getxfi(xma, size);

	/*if (xfi < XFIMAX(xma) && xma->xfree[xfi])*/
	if (xfi < FIXED && xma->xfree[xfi])
	{
		/* try the best fit */
		cand = xma->xfree[xfi];

		QSE_ASSERT (cand->free != 0);
		QSE_ASSERT (cand->size == size);

		detach_from_freelist (xma, cand);
		cand->free = 0;

#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
		xma->stat.nfree--;
		xma->stat.nused++;
		xma->stat.alloc += cand->size;
		xma->stat.avail -= cand->size;
#endif
	}
	else if (xfi == XFIMAX(xma))
	{
		/* huge block */
		cand = alloc_from_freelist(xma, XFIMAX(xma), size);
		if (!cand) return QSE_NULL;
	}
	else
	{
		if (xfi >= FIXED)
		{
			/* get the block from its own large chain */
			cand = alloc_from_freelist(xma, xfi, size);
			if (!cand)
			{
				/* borrow a large block from the huge block chain */
				cand = alloc_from_freelist(xma, XFIMAX(xma), size);
			}
		}
		else
		{
			/* borrow a small block from the huge block chain */
			cand = alloc_from_freelist(xma, XFIMAX(xma), size);
			if (!cand) xfi = FIXED - 1;
		}

		if (!cand)
		{
			/* try each large block chain left */
			for (++xfi; xfi < XFIMAX(xma) - 1; xfi++)
			{
				cand = alloc_from_freelist(xma, xfi, size);
				if (cand) break;
			}
			if (!cand) return QSE_NULL;
		}
	}

	DBG_VERIFY (xma, "alloc end");
	return SYS_TO_USR(cand);
}

static void* _realloc_merge (qse_xma_t* xma, void* b, qse_size_t size)
{
	qse_xma_mblk_t* blk = (qse_xma_mblk_t*)USR_TO_SYS(b);

	DBG_VERIFY (xma, "realloc merge start");
	/* rounds up 'size' to be multiples of ALIGN */ 
	if (size < MINALLOCSIZE) size = MINALLOCSIZE;
	size = QSE_ALIGNTO_POW2(size, ALIGN);

	if (size > blk->size)
	{
		/* grow the current block */
		qse_size_t req;
		qse_xma_mblk_t* n;
		qse_size_t rem;

		req = size - blk->size; /* required size additionally */

		n = next_mblk(blk);
		/* check if the next adjacent block is available */
		if ((qse_uint8_t*)n >= xma->end || !n->free || req > n->size) return QSE_NULL; /* no! */
/* TODO: check more blocks if the next block is free but small in size.
 *       check the previous adjacent blocks also */

		QSE_ASSERT (blk->size == n->prev_size);

		/* let's merge the current block with the next block */
		detach_from_freelist (xma, (qse_xma_fblk_t*)n);

		rem = (MBLKHDRSIZE + n->size) - req;
		if (rem >= FBLKMINSIZE)
		{
			/* 
			 * the remaining part of the next block is large enough 
			 * to hold a block. break the next block.
			 */

			qse_xma_mblk_t* y, * z;

			blk->size += req;
			y = next_mblk(blk);
			y->free = 1;
			y->size = rem - MBLKHDRSIZE;
			y->prev_size = blk->size;
			attach_to_freelist (xma, (qse_xma_fblk_t*)y);

			z = next_mblk(y);
			if ((qse_uint8_t*)z < xma->end) z->prev_size = y->size;

#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
			xma->stat.alloc += req;
			xma->stat.avail -= req; /* req + MBLKHDRSIZE(tmp) - MBLKHDRSIZE(n) */
#endif
		}
		else
		{
			qse_xma_mblk_t* z;

			/* the remaining part of the next block is too small to form an indepent block.
			 * utilize the whole block by merging to the resizing block */
			blk->size += MBLKHDRSIZE + n->size;

			z = next_mblk(blk);
			if ((qse_uint8_t*)z < xma->end) z->prev_size = blk->size;

#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
			xma->stat.nfree--;
			xma->stat.alloc += MBLKHDRSIZE + n->size;
			xma->stat.avail -= n->size;
#endif
		}
	}
	else if (size < blk->size)
	{
		/* shrink the block */
		qse_size_t rem = blk->size - size;
		if (rem >= FBLKMINSIZE) 
		{
			qse_xma_mblk_t* n;

			n = next_mblk(blk);

			/* the leftover is large enough to hold a block of minimum size.split the current block */
			if ((qse_uint8_t*)n < xma->end && n->free)
			{
				qse_xma_mblk_t* y, * z;

				/* make the leftover block merge with the next block */

				detach_from_freelist (xma, (qse_xma_fblk_t*)n);

				blk->size = size;

				y = next_mblk(blk); /* update y to the leftover block with the new block size set above */
				y->free = 1;
				y->size = rem + n->size; /* add up the adjust block - (rem + MBLKHDRSIZE(n) + n->size) - MBLKHDRSIZE(y) */
				y->prev_size = blk->size;

				/* add 'y' to the free list */
				attach_to_freelist (xma, (qse_xma_fblk_t*)y);

				z = next_mblk(y); /* get adjacent block to the merged block */
				if ((qse_uint8_t*)z < xma->end) z->prev_size = y->size;

#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
				xma->stat.alloc -= rem;
				xma->stat.avail += rem; /* rem - MBLKHDRSIZE(y) + MBLKHDRSIZE(n) */
#endif
			}
			else
			{
				qse_xma_mblk_t* y;

				/* link the leftover block to the free list */
				blk->size = size;

				y = next_mblk(blk); /* update y to the leftover block with the new block size set above */
				y->free = 1;
				y->size = rem - MBLKHDRSIZE;
				y->prev_size = blk->size;

				attach_to_freelist (xma, (qse_xma_fblk_t*)y);
				/*n = next_mblk(y);
				if ((qse_uint8_t*)n < xma->end)*/ n->prev_size = y->size;

#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
				xma->stat.nfree++;
				xma->stat.alloc -= rem;
				xma->stat.avail += y->size;
#endif
			}
		}
	}

	DBG_VERIFY (xma, "realloc merge end");
	return b;
}

void* qse_xma_calloc (qse_xma_t* xma, qse_size_t size)
{
	void* ptr = qse_xma_alloc(xma, size);
	if (ptr) QSE_MEMSET (ptr, 0, size);
	return ptr;
}

void* qse_xma_realloc (qse_xma_t* xma, void* b, qse_size_t size)
{
	void* n;

	if (b == QSE_NULL) 
	{
		/* 'realloc' with NULL is the same as 'alloc' */
		n = qse_xma_alloc(xma, size);
	}
	else
	{
		/* try reallocation by merging the adjacent continuous blocks */
		n = _realloc_merge (xma, b, size);
		if (!n)
		{
			/* reallocation by merging failed. fall back to the slow
			 * allocation-copy-free scheme */
			n = qse_xma_alloc(xma, size);
			if (n)
			{
				QSE_MEMCPY (n, b, size);
				qse_xma_free (xma, b);
			}
		}
	}

	return n;
}

void qse_xma_free (qse_xma_t* xma, void* b)
{
	qse_xma_mblk_t* blk = (qse_xma_mblk_t*)USR_TO_SYS(b);
	qse_xma_mblk_t* x, * y;
	qse_size_t org_blk_size;

	DBG_VERIFY (xma, "free start");

	org_blk_size = blk->size;

#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
	/* update statistical variables */
	xma->stat.nused--;
	xma->stat.alloc -= org_blk_size;
#endif

	x = prev_mblk(blk);
	y = next_mblk(blk);
	if (((qse_uint8_t*)x >= xma->start && x->free) && ((qse_uint8_t*)y < xma->end && y->free))
	{
		/*
		 * Merge the block with surrounding blocks
		 *
		 *                    blk 
		 *                     |
		 *                     v
		 * +------------+------------+------------+------------+
		 * |     X      |            |     Y      |     Z      |
		 * +------------+------------+------------+------------+
		 *         
		 *  
		 * +--------------------------------------+------------+
		 * |     X                                |     Z      |
		 * +--------------------------------------+------------+
		 *
		 */
		
		qse_xma_mblk_t* z = next_mblk(y);
		qse_size_t ns = MBLKHDRSIZE + org_blk_size + MBLKHDRSIZE;
		qse_size_t bs = ns + y->size;

		detach_from_freelist (xma, (qse_xma_fblk_t*)x);
		detach_from_freelist (xma, (qse_xma_fblk_t*)y);

		x->size += bs;
		attach_to_freelist (xma, (qse_xma_fblk_t*)x);

		z = next_mblk(x);
		if ((qse_uint8_t*)z < xma->end) z->prev_size = x->size;

#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
		xma->stat.nfree--;
		xma->stat.avail += ns;
#endif
	}
	else if ((qse_uint8_t*)y < xma->end && y->free)
	{
		/*
		 * Merge the block with the next block
		 *
		 *   blk
		 *    |
		 *    v
		 * +------------+------------+------------+
		 * |            |     Y      |     Z      |
		 * +------------+------------+------------+
		 * 
		 * 
		 *
		 *   blk
		 *    |
		 *    v
		 * +-------------------------+------------+
		 * |                         |     Z      |
		 * +-------------------------+------------+
		 * 
		 * 
		 */
		qse_xma_mblk_t* z = next_mblk(y);

		/* detach y from the free list */
		detach_from_freelist (xma, (qse_xma_fblk_t*)y);

		/* update the block availability */
		blk->free = 1;
		/* update the block size. MBLKHDRSIZE for the header space in x */
		blk->size += MBLKHDRSIZE + y->size;

		/* update the backward link of Y */
		if ((qse_uint8_t*)z < xma->end) z->prev_size = blk->size;

		/* attach blk to the free list */
		attach_to_freelist (xma, (qse_xma_fblk_t*)blk);

#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
		xma->stat.avail += org_blk_size + MBLKHDRSIZE;
#endif
	}
	else if ((qse_uint8_t*)x >= xma->start && x->free)
	{
		/*
		 * Merge the block with the previous block 
		 *
		 *                 blk
		 *                 |
		 *                 v
		 * +------------+------------+------------+
		 * |     X      |            |     Y      |
		 * +------------+------------+------------+
		 *
		 * +-------------------------+------------+
		 * |     X                   |     Y      |
		 * +-------------------------+------------+
		 */
		detach_from_freelist (xma, (qse_xma_fblk_t*)x);

		x->size += MBLKHDRSIZE + org_blk_size;

		QSE_ASSERT (y == next_mblk(x));
		if ((qse_uint8_t*)y < xma->end) y->prev_size = x->size;

		attach_to_freelist (xma, (qse_xma_fblk_t*)x);

#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
		xma->stat.avail += MBLKHDRSIZE + org_blk_size;
#endif
	}
	else
	{
		blk->free = 1;
		attach_to_freelist (xma, (qse_xma_fblk_t*)blk);

#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
		xma->stat.nfree++;
		xma->stat.avail += org_blk_size;
#endif
	}

	DBG_VERIFY (xma, "free end");
}

void qse_xma_dump (qse_xma_t* xma, qse_xma_dumper_t dumper, void* ctx)
{
	qse_xma_mblk_t* tmp;
	qse_size_t fsum, asum; 
#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
	qse_size_t isum;
#endif

	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("[XMA DUMP]\n"));

#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("== statistics ==\n"));
	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("total = %zu\n"), xma->stat.total);
	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("alloc = %zu\n"), xma->stat.alloc);
	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("avail = %zu\n"), xma->stat.avail);
#endif

	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("== blocks ==\n"));
	dumper (ctx, QSE_T(" size               avail address\n"));
	for (tmp = (qse_xma_mblk_t*)xma->start, fsum = 0, asum = 0; (qse_uint8_t*)tmp < xma->end; tmp = next_mblk(tmp))
	{
		dumper (ctx, QSE_T(" %-18zu %-5u %p\n"), tmp->size, (unsigned int)tmp->free, tmp);
		if (tmp->free) fsum += tmp->size;
		else asum += tmp->size;
	}

#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
	isum = (xma->stat.nfree + xma->stat.nused) * MBLKHDRSIZE;
#endif

	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("---------------------------------------\n"));
	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("Allocated blocks: %18zu bytes\n"), asum);
	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("Available blocks: %18zu bytes\n"), fsum);


#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("Internal use    : %18zu bytes\n"), isum);
	dumper (ctx, QSE_T("Total           : %18zu bytes\n"), (asum + fsum + isum));
#endif

#if defined(QSE_XMA_ENABLE_STAT)
	QSE_ASSERT (asum == xma->stat.alloc);
	QSE_ASSERT (fsum == xma->stat.avail);
	QSE_ASSERT (isum == xma->stat.total - (xma->stat.alloc + xma->stat.avail));
	QSE_ASSERT (asum + fsum + isum == xma->stat.total);
#endif
}