From f1ed61a702c0e4742ef30e368144cd33e51ac12a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hyung-hwan Date: Wed, 25 Aug 2021 13:52:16 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] add an aws note --- ...-make-multiple-parttions-on-root-device.md | 212 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 212 insertions(+) create mode 100644 aws/how-to-make-multiple-parttions-on-root-device.md diff --git a/aws/how-to-make-multiple-parttions-on-root-device.md b/aws/how-to-make-multiple-parttions-on-root-device.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84ef085 --- /dev/null +++ b/aws/how-to-make-multiple-parttions-on-root-device.md @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +Date: Aug 25, 2021 + +The volume created of Amazon Linux 2 AMI(HVM), SSD Volume Type - ami-0f511ead81ccde020(64-bit x86) contains two partitions in the GPT partition table. The first partition is the Bios Boot Partition that stores the second stage of the boot loader such as GNU grub. The second partition is the actual root partition. + +``` + parted /dev/xvda +GNU Parted 3.1 +Using /dev/xvda +Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. +(parted) p +Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd) +Disk /dev/xvda: 16.1GB +Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B +Partition Table: gpt +Disk Flags: + +Number Start End Size File system Name Flags +128 1049kB 2097kB 1049kB BIOS Boot Partition bios_grub + 1 2097kB 16.1GB 16.1GB xfs Linux + +(parted) +``` + +Do the followings in the AWS console or with the AWS cli command. + +- Create two EC2 instances with the same configuration. Namely IX and IY. +- Let's call the default volumes attached VX and VY respectively. +- Stop both instances. +- Create 1 extra volume off the instances. Namely, VZ, (10GB in this sample) +- Detach VY from IY and attach it to IX as /dev/sdf +- Attach VZ to IX as /dev/sdg +- Start IX and connect to it. + +Do the followings as root inside IX. +- Check the available block devices with lsblk. + +``` +# lsblk +NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT +xvda 202:0 0 15G 0 disk +└─xvda1 202:1 0 15G 0 part / +xvdf 202:80 0 8G 0 disk +└─xvdf1 202:81 0 8G 0 part +xvdg 202:96 0 10G 0 disk +``` + +- Parition VZ (/dev/xvdg) according to your own needs. Ensure to create the BIOS Boot Partition. +``` +# parted /dev/xvdg +GNU Parted 3.1 +Using /dev/xvdg +Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. +(parted) p +Error: /dev/xvdg: unrecognised disk label +Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd) +Disk /dev/xvdg: 10.7GB +Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B +Partition Table: unknown +Disk Flags: +(parted) mklabel gpt +(parted) mkpart 'BIOS Boot Partition' 1MB 2MB +(parted) set 1 bios_grub on +(parted) mkpart root xfs 2MB 50% +(parted) mkpart data xfs 50% 95% +(parted) mkpart swap linux-swap 95% 100% +(parted) p +Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd) +Disk /dev/xvdg: 10.7GB +Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B +Partition Table: gpt +Disk Flags: + +Number Start End Size File system Name Flags + 1 1049kB 2097kB 1049kB BIOS Boot Partition bios_grub + 2 2097kB 5369MB 5367MB root + 3 5369MB 10.2GB 4832MB data + 4 10.2GB 10.7GB 536MB swap + +(parted) q +Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab. +``` + +- Check recognized block devices again. +``` +# lsblk +NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT +xvda 202:0 0 15G 0 disk +└─xvda1 202:1 0 15G 0 part / +xvdf 202:80 0 8G 0 disk +└─xvdf1 202:81 0 8G 0 part +xvdg 202:96 0 10G 0 disk +├─xvdg1 202:97 0 1M 0 part +├─xvdg2 202:98 0 5G 0 part +├─xvdg3 202:99 0 4.5G 0 part +└─xvdg4 202:100 0 511M 0 part +``` + +- Create file systems on xvdf1 and xvdg2 in the xfs format. + +``` +# mkfs -t xfs -f /dev/xvdg2 +meta-data=/dev/xvdg2 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327552 blks + = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 + = crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=0 +data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310208, imaxpct=25 + = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks +naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 +log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 + = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 +realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 +# mkfs -t xfs -f /dev/xvdg3 +meta-data=/dev/xvdg3 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=294912 blks + = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 + = crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=0 +data = bsize=4096 blocks=1179648, imaxpct=25 + = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks +naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 +log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 + = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 +realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 +``` + +- Copy everything from xvdf1 to xvdg2. +``` +# mount /dev/xvdf1 /mnt/vy +# mount /dev/xvdg2 /mnt/vz +# rsync -av /mnt/vy/ /mnt/vz/ +# umount /mnt/vy +``` + +- Update /mnt/vz/etc/fstab to match the UUID of xvdg2. + +``` +# blkid | grep xvdg2 +/dev/xvdg2: UUID="e47315e4-ff01-49b0-81f7-bac53f08a88b" TYPE="xfs" PARTLABEL="root" PARTUUID="de12b03c-53ff-4f53-b990-1d823f42a7aa" +[root@ip-172-31-18-121 ~]# cat /mnt/vz/etc/fstab +# +UUID=04b92f2f-4366-4687-868b-7c403cc59901 / xfs defaults,noatime 1 1 +# sed -i 's|04b92f2f-4366-4687-868b-7c403cc59901|e47315e4-ff01-49b0-81f7-bac53f08a88b|g' /mnt/vz/etc/fstab +[root@ip-172-31-18-121 ~]# cat /mnt/vz/etc/fstab +# +UUID=e47315e4-ff01-49b0-81f7-bac53f08a88b / xfs defaults,noatime 1 1 +``` + +- Update /mnt/vz/boot/grub2/grub.cfg +``` +# mv /mnt/vz/boot/grub2/grub.cfg /mnt/vz/boot/grub2/grub.cfg.org +# sed 's|04b92f2f-4366-4687-868b-7c403cc59901|e47315e4-ff01-49b0-81f7-bac53f08a88b|g' /mnt/vz/boot/grub2/grub.cfg.org > /mnt/vz/boot/grub2/grub.cfg +``` +While ```grub2-mkconfig -o /mnt/vz/boot/grub2/grub.cfg``` is a proper command, it inserts the menu entries using the current boot partition(VX). The sample above substituted the UUID of xvdg2 for the auto-produced UUIDs. If you want to skip updating fstab and grub.cfg, you may consider setting the UUID of xvdg2 to match that of xvdf1. + +- Install the grub boot loader on /dev/xvdg and unmount /dev/xvdg2 +``` +# grub2-install --target=i386-pc --directory=/mnt/vz/usr/lib/grub/i386-pc --recheck --boot-directory=/mnt/vz/boot /dev/xvdg +Installing for i386-pc platform. +Installation finished. No error reported. +# umount /dev/xvdg2 +``` + +Do the followings in the AWS console or with the AWS cli command. +- Stop the instance IX. +- Detach the volume VZ from IX. +- Attach VZ to IY as /dev/xvda. +- Start IY. + +IY has the boot device volume with 2 normal partitions, 1 swap partition, and 1 BIOS Boot partition. The second normal partition labeled 'data' is left free for your own disposal. + +``` +# parted /dev/xvda +GNU Parted 3.1 +Using /dev/xvda +Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. +(parted) p +Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd) +Disk /dev/xvda: 10.7GB +Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B +Partition Table: gpt +Disk Flags: + +Number Start End Size File system Name Flags + 1 1049kB 2097kB 1049kB BIOS Boot Partition bios_grub + 2 2097kB 5369MB 5367MB xfs root + 3 5369MB 10.2GB 4832MB xfs data + 4 10.2GB 10.7GB 536MB swap + +(parted) +# df +Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on +devtmpfs 492676 0 492676 0% /dev +tmpfs 503444 0 503444 0% /dev/shm +tmpfs 503444 500 502944 1% /run +tmpfs 503444 0 503444 0% /sys/fs/cgroup +/dev/xvda2 5230592 1565416 3665176 30% / +tmpfs 100692 0 100692 0% /run/user/1000 +tmpfs 100692 0 100692 0% /run/user/0 +# mount /dev/xvda3 /mnt +# df +Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on +devtmpfs 492676 0 492676 0% /dev +tmpfs 503444 0 503444 0% /dev/shm +tmpfs 503444 500 502944 1% /run +tmpfs 503444 0 503444 0% /sys/fs/cgroup +/dev/xvda2 5230592 1565416 3665176 30% / +tmpfs 100692 0 100692 0% /run/user/1000 +tmpfs 100692 0 100692 0% /run/user/0 +/dev/xvda3 4183040 37200 4145840 1% /mnt +``` +You may enable the swap in the swap partition. If you don't need it, you can change the partition type and format it to a normal file system. You are free to use /dev/xvda3 the way you like. + + +## TODO +automate the entire process with the AWS CLI or other tools.