diff --git a/stix/lib/comp.c b/stix/lib/comp.c
index c7ae0fa..79b914b 100644
--- a/stix/lib/comp.c
+++ b/stix/lib/comp.c
@@ -342,6 +342,74 @@ static stix_ssize_t find_word_in_string (const stix_ucs_t* haystack, const stix_
 	return -1;
 }
 
+#define CHAR_TO_NUM(c,base) \
+	((c >= '0' && c <= '9')? ((c - '0' < base)? (c - '0'): base): \
+	 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')? ((c - 'A' + 10 < base)? (c - 'A' + 10): base): \
+	 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')? ((c - 'a' + 10 < base)? (c - 'a' + 10): base): base)
+
+static int string_to_smint (stix_t* stix, stix_ucs_t* str, int base, stix_ooi_t* num)
+{
+/* TODO: handle floating point numbers, etc, handle radix */
+	int v, negsign, overflow;
+	const stix_uch_t* ptr, * end;
+	stix_oow_t value, old_value;
+
+	negsign = 0;
+	overflow = 0;
+	ptr = str->ptr,
+	end = str->ptr + str->len;
+
+	if (ptr < end)
+	{
+		if (*ptr == '+' || *ptr == '-')
+		{
+			negsign = *ptr - '+';
+			ptr++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (ptr >= end)
+	{
+		stix->errnum = STIX_EINVAL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	value = old_value = 0;
+	while (ptr < end && (v = CHAR_TO_NUM(*ptr, base)) != base)
+	{
+		value = value * base + v;
+		if (value < old_value) 
+		{
+			/* overflow must have occurred */
+			overflow = 1;
+		}
+		old_value = value;
+		ptr++;
+	}
+	
+
+	if (ptr < end || overflow) 
+	{
+		/* trailing garbage or overflow */
+		stix->errnum = STIX_EINVAL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (negsign)
+	{
+		if (value > STIX_SMINT_MIN) return -1;
+		*num = value;
+		*num *= -1;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		if (value > STIX_SMINT_MAX) return -1;
+		*num = value;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Tokenizer 
  * --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@@ -1882,13 +1950,29 @@ static int compile_block_temporaries (stix_t* stix)
 
 static int compile_block_expression (stix_t* stix)
 {
+	stix_size_t code_start_pos;
+
 	/*
 	 * block-expression := "[" block-body "]"
 	 * block-body := (block-argument* "|")? block-temporaries? method-statement*
 	 * block-argument := ":" identifier
 	 */
 
-/* TODO: GENERATE JUMP INSTRUCTION */
+	code_start_pos = stix->c->mth.code.len;
+
+#if 0
+	if (emit_byte_instruction(stix, CODE_PUSH_CONTEXT) <= -1 ||
+	    emit_byte_instruction(stix, 
+
+	
+	if (emit_byte_instruction(stix, CODE_NOOP) <= -1 ||
+	    emit_byte_instruction(stix, CODE_NOOP) <= -
+	/* reserve space for JUMP instruction */
+	if (emit_byte_instruction(stix, CODE_NOOP) <= -1 ||
+	    emit_byte_instruction(stix, CODE_NOOP) <= -1 ||
+	    emit_byte_instruction(stix, CODE_NOOP) <= -1) return -1;
+#endif
+
 	if (stix->c->tok.type == STIX_IOTOK_COLON) 
 	{
 		/* block temporary variables */
@@ -2047,7 +2131,6 @@ printf ("push character literal %d\n", (int)index);
 				    emit_positional_instruction(stix, CMD_PUSH_LITERAL, index) <= -1) return -1;
 printf ("push string literal %d\n", (int)index);
 				GET_TOKEN (stix);
-
 				break;
 
 			case STIX_IOTOK_SYMLIT:
@@ -2060,16 +2143,37 @@ printf ("push symbol literal %d\n", (int)index);
 			case STIX_IOTOK_NUMLIT:
 			{
 				/* TODO: other types of numbers, negative numbers, etc */
-/*
-				stix_word_t tmp;
-				STIX_STRTOI (tmp, stix->tok.name.buffer, STIX_NULL, 10);
-				literal = STIX_TO_SMALLINT(tmp);
+/* TODO: proper numbeic literal handling */
+				stix_ooi_t tmp;
 
-				if (add_literal(stix, literal, &index) <= -1)r eturn -1;
+				if (string_to_smint(stix, &stix->c->tok.name, 10, &tmp) <= -1)
+				{
+printf ("NOT IMPLEMENTED LARGE_INTEGER or ERROR?\n");
+						stix->errnum = STIX_ENOIMPL;
+						return -1;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					switch (tmp)
+					{
+						case -1:
+							if (emit_byte_instruction(stix, CODE_PUSH_NEGONE) <= -1) return -1;
+							break;
+
+						case 0:
+							if (emit_byte_instruction(stix, CODE_PUSH_ZERO) <= -1) return -1;
+							break;
+
+						case 1:
+							if (emit_byte_instruction(stix, CODE_PUSH_ONE) <= -1) return -1;
+							break;
+
+						default:
+							if (add_literal(stix, STIX_OOP_FROM_SMINT(tmp), &index) <= -1) return -1;
+					}
+				}
 
-				EMIT_PUSH_LITERAL_CONSTANT (stix, index);
 				GET_TOKEN (stix);
-*/
 				break;
 			}
 
diff --git a/stix/lib/exec.c b/stix/lib/exec.c
index 4eba0d1..adad5fd 100644
--- a/stix/lib/exec.c
+++ b/stix/lib/exec.c
@@ -26,33 +26,28 @@
 
 #include "stix-prv.h"
 
-#define LOAD_IP_AND_SP(v_ctx, v_ip, v_sp) \
-	do \
-	{ \
-		v_ip = STIX_OOP_TO_SMINT((v_ctx)->ip); \
-		v_sp = STIX_OOP_TO_SMINT((v_ctx)->sp); \
-	} while(0)
+#define LOAD_IP(v_ctx, v_ip) (v_ip = STIX_OOP_TO_SMINT((v_ctx)->ip))
+#define STORE_IP(v_ctx, v_ip) ((v_ctx)->ip = STIX_OOP_FROM_SMINT(v_ip))
 
-#define STORE_IP_AND_SP(v_ctx, v_ip, v_sp) \
-	do \
-	{ \
-		(v_ctx)->ip = STIX_OOP_FROM_SMINT(v_ip); \
-		(v_ctx)->sp = STIX_OOP_FROM_SMINT(v_sp); \
-	} while(0)
+#define LOAD_SP(v_ctx, v_sp) (v_sp = STIX_OOP_TO_SMINT((v_ctx)->sp))
+#define STORE_SP(v_ctx, v_sp) ((v_ctx)->sp = STIX_OOP_FROM_SMINT(v_sp))
 
-#define LOAD_SP(v_ctx, v_sp) \
-	do \
-	{ \
-		v_sp = STIX_OOP_TO_SMINT((v_ctx)->sp); \
-	} while(0)
+#define LOAD_ACTIVE_IP(stix, v_ip) LOAD_IP((stix)->active_context, v_ip)
+#define STORE_ACTIVE_IP(stix, v_ip) STORE_IP((stix)->active_context, v_ip)
 
-#define STORE_SP(v_ctx, v_sp) \
-	do \
-	{ \
-		(v_ctx)->sp = STIX_OOP_FROM_SMINT(v_sp); \
-	} while(0)
+#define LOAD_ACTIVE_SP(stix, v_sp) LOAD_SP((stix)->active_context, v_sp)
+#define STORE_ACTIVE_SP(stix, v_sp) STORE_SP((stix)->active_context, v_sp)
 
 
+#define STACK_PUSH(stix,v) \
+	do { \
+		++sp; \
+		(stix)->active_context->slot[sp] = v; \
+	} while (0)
+
+#define STACK_GET(stix,v_sp) ((stix)->active_context->slot[v_sp])
+#define STACK_PUT(stix,v_sp,v_obj) ((stix)->active_context->slot[v_sp] = v_obj)
+
 static int activate_new_method (stix_t* stix, stix_oop_method_t mth, stix_ooi_t* xip, stix_ooi_t* xsp)
 {
 	stix_oow_t stack_size;
@@ -159,14 +154,16 @@ static int activate_new_method (stix_t* stix, stix_oop_method_t mth, stix_ooi_t*
 
 	/* store an instruction pointer and a stack pointer to the active context
 	 * before switching it to a new context */
-	STORE_IP_AND_SP (stix->active_context, *xip, sp);
+	STORE_ACTIVE_IP (stix, *xip);
+	STORE_ACTIVE_SP (stix, sp); /* note it is not *xsp */
 
 	/* swtich the active context */
 	stix->active_context = ctx;
 
 	/* load an instruction pointer and a stack pointer from the new active
 	 * context */
-	LOAD_IP_AND_SP (stix->active_context, *xip, *xsp);
+	LOAD_ACTIVE_IP (stix, *xip);
+	LOAD_ACTIVE_SP (stix, *xsp);
 
 printf ("<<ENTERING>>\n");
 	return 0;
@@ -187,7 +184,7 @@ printf ("] in ");
 	cls = (stix_oop_class_t)STIX_CLASSOF(stix, receiver);
 	if ((stix_oop_t)cls == stix->_class)
 	{
-		/* receiver is a class receiverect */
+		/* receiver is a class object */
 		c = receiver; 
 		dic_no = STIX_CLASS_MTHDIC_CLASS;
 printf ("class method dictioanry ====\n");
@@ -211,6 +208,7 @@ printf ("instance method dictioanry ====\n");
 		do
 		{
 			mthdic = ((stix_oop_class_t)c)->mthdic[dic_no];
+			STIX_ASSERT (mthdic != stix->_nil);
 			STIX_ASSERT (STIX_CLASSOF(stix, mthdic) == stix->_method_dictionary);
 
 dump_dictionary (stix, mthdic, "Method dictionary");
@@ -275,21 +273,15 @@ TODO: overcome this problem
 	sp = -1;
 
 	ctx->slot[++sp] = ass->value; /* push receiver */
-	STORE_IP_AND_SP (ctx, ip, sp);
 	/* receiver, sender, method are nils */
 
 	stix->active_context = ctx;
+	STORE_ACTIVE_IP (stix, ip);
+	STORE_ACTIVE_SP (stix, sp);
+
 	return activate_new_method (stix, mth, &ip, &sp);
 }
 
-#define PUSH(stix,v) \
-	do { \
-		++sp; \
-		(stix)->active_context->slot[sp] = v; \
-	} while (0)
-
-#define STACK_GET(stix,v_sp) ((stix)->active_context->slot[v_sp])
-#define STACK_PUT(stix,v_sp,v_obj) ((stix)->active_context->slot[v_sp] = v_obj)
 
 int primitive_dump (stix_t* stix, stix_ooi_t nargs)
 {
@@ -298,7 +290,7 @@ int primitive_dump (stix_t* stix, stix_ooi_t nargs)
 
 	STIX_ASSERT (nargs >=  0);
 
-	LOAD_SP (stix->active_context, sp);
+	LOAD_ACTIVE_SP (stix, sp);
 	dump_object (stix, stix->active_context->slot[sp - nargs], "receiver");
 	for (i = nargs; i > 0; )
 	{
@@ -307,7 +299,7 @@ int primitive_dump (stix_t* stix, stix_ooi_t nargs)
 	}
 
 	sp -= nargs; /* pop off arguments */
-	STORE_SP (stix->active_context, sp);
+	STORE_ACTIVE_SP (stix, sp);
 	return 1; /* success */
 }
 
@@ -318,7 +310,7 @@ int primitive_new (stix_t* stix, stix_ooi_t nargs)
 
 	STIX_ASSERT (nargs ==  0);
 
-	LOAD_SP (stix->active_context, sp);
+	LOAD_ACTIVE_SP (stix, sp);
 	rcv = STACK_GET(stix, sp);
 
 	if (STIX_CLASSOF(stix, rcv) != stix->_class) 
@@ -343,7 +335,7 @@ int primitive_new_with_size (stix_t* stix, stix_ooi_t nargs)
 
 	STIX_ASSERT (nargs ==  1);
 
-	LOAD_SP (stix->active_context, sp);
+	LOAD_ACTIVE_SP (stix, sp);
 	rcv = STACK_GET(stix, sp - 1);
 
 	if (STIX_CLASSOF(stix, rcv) != stix->_class) 
@@ -364,12 +356,18 @@ int primitive_new_with_size (stix_t* stix, stix_ooi_t nargs)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	/* stix_instantiate() ignores size if the instance specification 
+	 * disallows indexed(variable) parts. */
+	/* TODO: should i check the specification before calling 
+	 *       stix_instantiate()? */
 	obj = stix_instantiate (stix, rcv, STIX_NULL, size);
 	if (!obj) return -1; /* hard failure */
 
+	/* remove the argument and replace the receiver with a new object
+	 * instantiated */
 	sp--;
 	STACK_PUT (stix, sp, obj);
-	STORE_SP (stix->active_context, sp);
+	STORE_ACTIVE_SP (stix, sp);
 
 	return 1; /* success */
 }
@@ -418,6 +416,8 @@ int stix_execute (stix_t* stix)
 
 printf ("IP => %d ", (int)ip);
 		bc = code->slot[ip++];
+		/*if (bc == CODE_NOOP) continue; TODO: DO I NEED THIS???*/
+
 		cmd = bc >> 4;
 		if (cmd == CMD_EXTEND)
 		{
@@ -437,17 +437,17 @@ printf ("CMD => %d, B1 = %d, SP = %d, IP AFTER INC %d\n", (int)cmd, (int)b1, (in
 			case CMD_PUSH_INSTVAR:
 printf ("PUSH_INSTVAR %d\n", (int)b1);
 				STIX_ASSERT (STIX_OBJ_GET_FLAGS_TYPE(stix->active_context->receiver) == STIX_OBJ_TYPE_OOP);
-				PUSH (stix, ((stix_oop_oop_t)stix->active_context->receiver)->slot[b1]);
+				STACK_PUSH (stix, ((stix_oop_oop_t)stix->active_context->receiver)->slot[b1]);
 				break;
 
 			case CMD_PUSH_TEMPVAR:
 printf ("PUSH_TEMPVAR %d\n", (int)b1);
-				PUSH (stix, stix->active_context->slot[b1]);
+				STACK_PUSH (stix, stix->active_context->slot[b1]);
 				break;
 
 			case CMD_PUSH_LITERAL:
 printf ("PUSH_LITERAL %d\n", (int)b1);
-				PUSH (stix, mth->slot[b1]);
+				STACK_PUSH (stix, mth->slot[b1]);
 				break;
 
 			case CMD_STORE_INTO_INSTVAR:
@@ -461,9 +461,11 @@ printf ("STORE_TEMPVAR %d\n", (int)b1);
 				stix->active_context->slot[b1] = stix->active_context->slot[sp];
 				break;
 
-			/*
-			case CMD_POP_AND_STORE_INTO_OBJECT_POINTED_TO_BY_LITERAL???
-			*/
+		/* -------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+			case CMD_JUMP:
+				/* TODO: */
+				break;
 
 		/* -------------------------------------------------------- */
 
@@ -479,7 +481,7 @@ printf ("STORE_TEMPVAR %d\n", (int)b1);
 printf ("PUSH OBJVAR %d %d\n", (int)b1, (int)obj_index);
 				STIX_ASSERT (STIX_OBJ_GET_FLAGS_TYPE(obj) == STIX_OBJ_TYPE_OOP);
 				STIX_ASSERT (obj_index < STIX_OBJ_GET_SIZE(obj));
-				PUSH (stix, obj->slot[b1]);
+				STACK_PUSH (stix, obj->slot[b1]);
 				break;
 			}
 
@@ -572,9 +574,9 @@ printf ("RETURN INSTVAR AT PREAMBLE\n");
 						    (primitives[prim_no].nargs < 0 || primitives[prim_no].nargs == b1))
 						{
 							stix_pushtmp (stix, (stix_oop_t*)&newmth);
-							STORE_SP (stix->active_context, sp);
+							STORE_ACTIVE_SP (stix, sp);
 							n = primitives[prim_no].handler (stix, b1);
-							LOAD_SP (stix->active_context, sp);
+							LOAD_ACTIVE_SP (stix, sp);
 							stix_poptmp (stix);
 							if (n <= -1) goto oops;
 							if (n >= 1) break;
@@ -598,27 +600,39 @@ printf ("RETURN INSTVAR AT PREAMBLE\n");
 				{
 					case SUBCMD_PUSH_RECEIVER:
 printf ("PUSH_RECEIVER %p TO STACK INDEX %d\n", stix->active_context->receiver, (int)sp);
-						PUSH (stix, stix->active_context->receiver);
+						STACK_PUSH (stix, stix->active_context->receiver);
 						break;
 
 					case SUBCMD_PUSH_NIL:
 printf ("PUSH_NIL\n");
-						PUSH (stix, stix->_nil);
+						STACK_PUSH (stix, stix->_nil);
 						break;
 
 					case SUBCMD_PUSH_TRUE:
 printf ("PUSH_TRUE\n");
-						PUSH (stix, stix->_true);
+						STACK_PUSH (stix, stix->_true);
 						break;
 
 					case SUBCMD_PUSH_FALSE:
 printf ("PUSH_FALSE\n");
-						PUSH (stix, stix->_false);
+						STACK_PUSH (stix, stix->_false);
 						break;
 
 					case SUBCMD_PUSH_CONTEXT:
 printf ("PUSH_CONTEXT\n");
-						PUSH (stix, (stix_oop_t)stix->active_context);
+						STACK_PUSH (stix, (stix_oop_t)stix->active_context);
+						break;
+
+					case SUBCMD_PUSH_NEGONE:
+						STACK_PUSH (stix, STIX_OOP_FROM_SMINT(-1));
+						break;
+
+					case SUBCMD_PUSH_ZERO:
+						STACK_PUSH (stix, STIX_OOP_FROM_SMINT(0));
+						break;
+
+					case SUBCMD_PUSH_ONE:
+						STACK_PUSH (stix, STIX_OOP_FROM_SMINT(1));
 						break;
 				}
 				break; /* CMD_PUSH_SPECIAL */
@@ -657,16 +671,18 @@ printf ("RETURN_RECEIVER\n");
 
 					handle_return:
 						/* store the instruction pointer and the stack pointer to the active context */
-						STORE_IP_AND_SP (stix->active_context, ip, sp);
+						STORE_ACTIVE_IP (stix, ip);
+						STORE_ACTIVE_SP (stix, sp);
 
 						/* switch the active context to the sending context */
 						stix->active_context = (stix_oop_context_t)stix->active_context->sender;
 
 						/* load the instruction pointer and the stack pointer from the new active context */
-						LOAD_IP_AND_SP (stix->active_context, ip, sp);
+						LOAD_ACTIVE_IP (stix, ip);
+						LOAD_ACTIVE_SP (stix, sp);
 
 						/* push the return value to the stack of the new active context */
-						PUSH (stix, return_value);
+						STACK_PUSH (stix, return_value);
 
 printf ("<<LEAVING>>\n");
 						if (stix->active_context->sender == stix->_nil) 
diff --git a/stix/lib/stix-prv.h b/stix/lib/stix-prv.h
index 83dcb60..c60cefa 100644
--- a/stix/lib/stix-prv.h
+++ b/stix/lib/stix-prv.h
@@ -439,61 +439,68 @@ struct stix_compiler_t
 #define MAX_CODE_INDEX               0xFFFFu
 #define MAX_CODE_NARGS               0xFFFFu
 
-#define CMD_EXTEND                       0x0
-#define CMD_EXTEND_DOUBLE                0x1
-
-/* Single positional instructions 
- *
- * XXXXJJJJ
- * 0000XXXX JJJJJJJJ
- * 0001XXXX JJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJ
- *
- * XXXX is one of the following positional instructions.
- * JJJJ or JJJJJJJJ is the position.
- */
-#define CMD_PUSH_INSTVAR         0x2
-#define CMD_PUSH_TEMPVAR         0x3
-#define CMD_PUSH_LITERAL         0x4
-#define CMD_STORE_INTO_INSTVAR   0x5
-#define CMD_STORE_INTO_TEMPVAR   0x6
-
-/*
- * Double positional instructions
- *
- * XXXXJJJJ KKKKKKKK
- * 0000XXXX JJJJJJJJ KKKKKKKK
- * 0001XXXX JJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJ KKKKKKKK KKKKKKKK
- *
- * Access instance variable #JJJJ of an object at literal frame #KKKKKKKK
- * Send message at literal frame #KKKKKKKK with #JJJJ arguments.
- */
-#define CMD_PUSH_OBJVAR                  0x8
-#define CMD_STORE_INTO_OBJVAR            0x9
-
-#define CMD_SEND_MESSAGE                 0xA
-#define CMD_SEND_MESSAGE_TO_SUPER        0xB
-
-/* 
- * Single byte instructions 
- */
-#define CMD_PUSH_SPECIAL                 0xE
-#define CMD_DO_SPECIAL                   0xF
-
-enum stix_subcmd_t
+enum stix_cmdcode_t
 {
+	CMD_EXTEND                     = 0x0,
+	CMD_EXTEND_DOUBLE              = 0x1,
+
+	/* Single positional instructions 
+	 *
+	 * XXXXJJJJ
+	 * 0000XXXX JJJJJJJJ
+	 * 0001XXXX JJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJ
+	 *
+	 * XXXX is one of the following positional instructions.
+	 * JJJJ or JJJJJJJJ is the position.
+	 */
+	CMD_PUSH_INSTVAR               = 0x2,
+	CMD_PUSH_TEMPVAR               = 0x3,
+	CMD_PUSH_LITERAL               = 0x4,
+	CMD_STORE_INTO_INSTVAR         = 0x5,
+	CMD_STORE_INTO_TEMPVAR         = 0x6,
+
+	CMD_JUMP                       = 0x7,
+	CMD_JUMP_IF_FALSE              = 0x8,
+
+	/*
+	 * Double positional instructions
+	 *
+	 * XXXXJJJJ KKKKKKKK
+	 * 0000XXXX JJJJJJJJ KKKKKKKK
+	 * 0001XXXX JJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJ KKKKKKKK KKKKKKKK
+	 *
+	 * Access instance variable #JJJJ of an object at literal frame #KKKKKKKK
+	 * Send message at literal frame #KKKKKKKK with #JJJJ arguments.
+	 */
+	CMD_PUSH_OBJVAR                = 0x9,
+	CMD_STORE_INTO_OBJVAR          = 0xA,
+
+	CMD_SEND_MESSAGE               = 0xB,
+	CMD_SEND_MESSAGE_TO_SUPER      = 0xC,
+
+	/* 
+	 * Single byte instructions 
+	 */
+	CMD_PUSH_SPECIAL               = 0xE,
+	CMD_DO_SPECIAL                 = 0xF,
+
 	/* sub-commands for CMD_PUSH_SPECIAL */
-	SUBCMD_PUSH_RECEIVER = 0x0,
-	SUBCMD_PUSH_NIL      = 0x1,
-	SUBCMD_PUSH_TRUE     = 0x2,
-	SUBCMD_PUSH_FALSE    = 0x3,
-	SUBCMD_PUSH_CONTEXT  = 0x4,
+	SUBCMD_PUSH_RECEIVER           = 0x0,
+	SUBCMD_PUSH_NIL                = 0x1,
+	SUBCMD_PUSH_TRUE               = 0x2,
+	SUBCMD_PUSH_FALSE              = 0x3,
+	SUBCMD_PUSH_CONTEXT            = 0x4,
+	SUBCMD_PUSH_NEGONE             = 0x5,
+	SUBCMD_PUSH_ZERO               = 0x6,
+	SUBCMD_PUSH_ONE                = 0x7,
 
 	/* sub-commands for CMD_DO_SPECIAL */
 	SUBCMD_DUP_STACKTOP            = 0x0,
 	SUBCMD_POP_STACKTOP            = 0x1,
 	SUBCMD_RETURN_STACKTOP         = 0x2,
 	SUBCMD_RETURN_BLOCK_STACKTOP   = 0x3,
-	SUBCMD_RETURN_RECEIVER         = 0x4
+	SUBCMD_RETURN_RECEIVER         = 0x4,
+	SUBCMD_NOOP                    = 0xF
 };
 
 /* ---------------------------------- */
@@ -502,6 +509,9 @@ enum stix_subcmd_t
 #define CODE_PUSH_TRUE                MAKE_CODE(CMD_PUSH_SPECIAL, SUBCMD_PUSH_TRUE)
 #define CODE_PUSH_FALSE               MAKE_CODE(CMD_PUSH_SPECIAL, SUBCMD_PUSH_FALSE)
 #define CODE_PUSH_CONTEXT             MAKE_CODE(CMD_PUSH_SPECIAL, SUBCMD_PUSH_CONTEXT)
+#define CODE_PUSH_NEGONE              MAKE_CODE(CMD_PUSH_SPECIAL, SUBCMD_PUSH_NEGONE)
+#define CODE_PUSH_ZERO                MAKE_CODE(CMD_PUSH_SPECIAL, SUBCMD_PUSH_ZERO)
+#define CODE_PUSH_ONE                 MAKE_CODE(CMD_PUSH_SPECIAL, SUBCMD_PUSH_ONE)
 
 /* special code */
 #define CODE_DUP_STACKTOP             MAKE_CODE(CMD_DO_SPECIAL, SUBCMD_DUP_STACKTOP)
@@ -509,6 +519,7 @@ enum stix_subcmd_t
 #define CODE_RETURN_STACKTOP          MAKE_CODE(CMD_DO_SPECIAL, SUBCMD_RETURN_STACKTOP)
 #define CODE_RETURN_BLOCK_STACKTOP    MAKE_CODE(CMD_DO_SPECIAL, SUBCMD_RETURN_BLOCK_STACKTOP)
 #define CODE_RETURN_RECEIVER          MAKE_CODE(CMD_DO_SPECIAL, SUBCMD_RETURN_RECEIVER)
+#define CODE_NOOP                     MAKE_CODE(CMD_DO_SPECIAL, SUBCMD_NOOP)
 
 #if defined(__cplusplus)
 extern "C" {