diff --git a/bin/untar.c b/bin/untar.c
index 8ad9caf..f6f0f9d 100644
--- a/bin/untar.c
+++ b/bin/untar.c
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 int main (int argc, char* argv[])
 {
 	hio_t* hio;
+	hio_tar_t* untar;
+	FILE* fp;
 
 	if (argc != 2)
 	{
@@ -20,8 +22,43 @@ int main (int argc, char* argv[])
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	hio_extract_tar(hio, argv[1]);
+	untar = hio_tar_open(hio, 0);
+	if (!untar)
+	{
+		fprintf (stderr, "Error: unable to open untar\n");
+		hio_close (hio);
+		return -1;
+	}
 
+	fp = fopen(argv[1], "r");
+	if (!fp)
+	{
+		fprintf (stderr, "Error: unable to open file %s\n", argv[1]);
+		hio_tar_close (hio);
+		hio_close (hio);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	//hio_extract_tar(hio, argv[1]);
+	while (!feof(fp) && !ferror(fp))
+	{
+		int n;
+		char buf[99]; /* TODO: use a different buffer size???*/
+		n = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf), fp);
+		if (n > 0) 
+		{
+			if (hio_tar_feed(untar, buf, n) <= -1)
+			{
+				fprintf (stderr, "Error: untar error - %s\n", hio_geterrbmsg(hio));
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	hio_tar_feed (untar, HIO_NULL, 0); /* indicate the end of input */
+
+	fclose (fp);
+	hio_tar_close (hio);
 	hio_close (hio);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/lib/err.c b/lib/err.c
index 52d4028..158ccdd 100644
--- a/lib/err.c
+++ b/lib/err.c
@@ -88,11 +88,47 @@ const hio_ooch_t* hio_geterrstr (hio_t* hio)
 	return hio_errnum_to_errstr(hio->errnum);
 }
 
+#if 0
 const hio_ooch_t* hio_geterrmsg (hio_t* hio)
 {
 	if (hio->errmsg.len <= 0) return hio_errnum_to_errstr(hio->errnum);
 	return hio->errmsg.buf;
 }
+#endif
+
+const hio_bch_t* hio_geterrbmsg (hio_t* hio)
+{
+#if defined(HIO_OOCH_IS_BCH)
+	return (hio->errmsg.len <= 0)? hio_errnum_to_errstr(hio->errnum): hio->errmsg.buf;
+#else
+	const hio_ooch_t* msg;
+	hio_oow_t wcslen, mbslen;
+
+	msg = (hio->errmsg.len <= 0)? hio_errnum_to_errstr(hio->errnum): hio->errmsg.buf;
+
+	mbslen = HIO_COUNTOF(hio->errmsg.xerrmsg);
+	hio_conv_ucstr_to_bcstr_with_cmgr (msg, &wcslen, hio->errmsg.xerrmsg, &mbslen, hio_getcmgr(hio));
+
+	return hio->errmsg.xerrmsg;
+#endif
+}
+
+const hio_uch_t* hio_geterrumsg (hio_t* hio)
+{
+#if defined(HIO_OOCH_IS_BCH)
+	const hio_ooch_t* msg;
+	hio_oow_t wcslen, mbslen;
+
+	msg = (hio->errmsg.len <= 0)? hio_errnum_to_errstrerrstr(hio->errnum): hio->errmsg.buf;
+
+	wcslen = HIO_COUNTOF(hio->errmsg.xerrmsg);
+	hio_conv_bcstr_to_ucstr_with_cmgr (msg, &mbslen, hio->errmsg.xerrmsg, &wcslen, hio_getcmgr(hio), 1);
+
+	return hio->errmsg.xerrmsg;
+#else
+	return (hio->errmsg.len == '\0')? hio_errnum_to_errstr(hio->errnum): hio->errmsg.buf;
+#endif
+}
 
 void hio_geterrinf (hio_t* hio, hio_errinf_t* info)
 {
diff --git a/lib/hio-tar.h b/lib/hio-tar.h
index cd7a311..103c26a 100644
--- a/lib/hio-tar.h
+++ b/lib/hio-tar.h
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ struct hio_tar_t
 	struct
 	{
 		hio_uintmax_t filesize;
+		hio_uintmax_t filemode;
 		void* fp;
 	} hi;
 };
diff --git a/lib/hio.h b/lib/hio.h
index 9b73328..6df1bfd 100644
--- a/lib/hio.h
+++ b/lib/hio.h
@@ -698,6 +698,11 @@ struct hio_t
 			hio_bch_t bch[HIO_ERRMSG_CAPA];
 			hio_uch_t uch[HIO_ERRMSG_CAPA];
 		} tmpbuf;
+	#if defined(HIO_OOCH_IS_BCH)
+		hio_uch_t    xerrmsg[HIO_ERRMSG_CAPA];
+	#else
+		hio_bch_t    xerrmsg[HIO_ERRMSG_CAPA * 2];
+	#endif
 		hio_ooch_t buf[HIO_ERRMSG_CAPA];
 		hio_oow_t len;
 	} errmsg;
@@ -878,10 +883,20 @@ HIO_EXPORT const hio_ooch_t* hio_geterrstr (
 	hio_t* hio
 );
 
-HIO_EXPORT const hio_ooch_t* hio_geterrmsg (
+HIO_EXPORT const hio_uch_t* hio_geterrumsg (
 	hio_t* hio
 );
 
+HIO_EXPORT const hio_bch_t* hio_geterrbmsg (
+	hio_t* hio
+);
+
+#if defined(HIO_OOCH_IS_UCH)
+#	define hio_geterrmsg hio_geterrumsg
+#else
+#	define hio_geterrmsg hio_geterrbmsg
+#endif
+
 HIO_EXPORT void hio_geterrinf (
 	hio_t*        hio,
 	hio_errinf_t* info
diff --git a/lib/tar.c b/lib/tar.c
index 34897e1..8d42053 100644
--- a/lib/tar.c
+++ b/lib/tar.c
@@ -188,9 +188,6 @@ int hio_extract_tar (hio_t* hio, const hio_bch_t* archive_file)
 	return n;
 }
 
-
-
-
 hio_tar_t* hio_tar_open (hio_t* hio, hio_oow_t xtnsize)
 {
 	hio_tar_t* tar;
@@ -223,6 +220,12 @@ int hio_tar_init (hio_tar_t* tar)
 
 void hio_tar_fini (hio_tar_t* tar)
 {
+	if (tar->hi.fp)
+	{
+		/* clean up */
+		fclose (tar->hi.fp);
+		tar->hi.fp = HIO_NULL;
+	}
 }
 
 static int process_header (hio_tar_t* tar)
@@ -233,6 +236,7 @@ static int process_header (hio_tar_t* tar)
 	HIO_ASSERT (tar->hio, tar->blk.len == HIO_TAR_BLKSIZE);
 	hdr = (hio_tar_hdr_t*)tar->blk.buf;
 
+printf("process_header...\n");
 	/* all-zero byte block ends the archive */
 	if (HIO_MEMCMP(hdr, _end_block, HIO_TAR_BLKSIZE) == 0) 
 	{
@@ -247,36 +251,77 @@ static int process_header (hio_tar_t* tar)
 		/* if (hdr->typeflag) TODO: do different jobs depending on types... */
 
 		tar->hi.filesize = hio_bchars_to_uintmax(hdr->size, HIO_COUNTOF(hdr->size), HIO_BCHARS_TO_UINTMAX_MAKE_OPTION(0,0,0,8), &endptr, &is_sober);
-		//mode = hio_bchars_to_uintmax(hdr->mode, HIO_COUNTOF(hdr->mode), HIO_BCHARS_TO_UINTMAX_MAKE_OPTION(0,0,0,8), &endptr, &is_sober);
+		tar->hi.filemode = hio_bchars_to_uintmax(hdr->mode, HIO_COUNTOF(hdr->mode), HIO_BCHARS_TO_UINTMAX_MAKE_OPTION(0,0,0,8), &endptr, &is_sober);
 
 
-		if (tar->hi.filesize > 0)
+		if (tar->hi.fp)
 		{
-			FILE* fp;
-			tar->state = HIO_TAR_STATE_FILE;
-
-			/* open here? */
-/*TODO: hdr->prefix + hdr->name */
-			fp = fopen(hdr->name, "w");
-			if (!fp)
-			{
-				hio_seterrwithsyserr (tar->hio, 0, errno);
-				return -1;
-			}
-
-			tar->hi.fp = fp;
+			/* just in case */
+			fclose (tar->hi.fp);
+			tar->hi.fp = HIO_NULL;
 		}
 
-		if (tar->hi.filesize <= 0)
+printf ("file size = %u [%s]\n", (unsigned int)tar->hi.filesize, hdr->name);
+		switch (hdr->typeflag) 
 		{
-			if (tar->hi.fp)
+			case HIO_TAR_LNKTYPE:
+				printf(" Ignoring hardlink %s\n", hdr->name);
+				break;
+			case HIO_TAR_SYMTYPE:
+				printf(" Ignoring symlink %s\n", hdr->name);
+				break;
+			case HIO_TAR_CHRTYPE:
+				printf(" Ignoring character device %s\n", hdr->name);
+				break;
+			case HIO_TAR_BLKTYPE:
+				printf(" Ignoring block device %s\n", hdr->name);
+				break;
+			case HIO_TAR_DIRTYPE:
+				printf(" Extracting dir %s\n", hdr->name);
+			#if 0
+				if (tar->hio.filesize != 0)
+				{
+					/* something wrong */
+				}
+			#endif
+				create_dir(hdr->name, tar->hi.filemode);
+				break;
+			case HIO_TAR_FIFOTYPE:
+				printf(" Ignoring FIFO %s\n", hdr->name);
+				break;
+
+			case HIO_TAR_CONTTYPE:
+				printf(" Ignoring cont %s\n", hdr->name);
+				break;
+
+			default: /* HIO_TAR_REGTYPE */
 			{
-				fclose (tar->hi.fp);
-				tar->hi.fp = HIO_NULL;
+
+				FILE* fp;
+
+				printf(" Extracting file %s\n", hdr->name);
+
+				/* open here? */
+	/*TODO: hdr->prefix + hdr->name */
+				fp = fopen(hdr->name, "w");
+				if (!fp)
+				{
+					hio_seterrwithsyserr (tar->hio, 0, errno);
+					return -1;
+				}
+
+				fchmod (fileno(fp), tar->hi.filemode);
+
+				tar->hi.fp = fp;
+				tar->state = HIO_TAR_STATE_FILE;
+				goto done;
 			}
 		}
+
+		tar->state == HIO_TAR_STATE_START;
 	}
 
+done:
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -288,6 +333,7 @@ static int process_content (hio_tar_t* tar)
 	HIO_ASSERT (tar->hio, tar->hi.filesize > 0);
 
 
+printf("process_content...\n");
 	chunksize = tar->hi.filesize < tar->blk.len? tar->hi.filesize: tar->blk.len;
 
 /* TODO: error check */
@@ -320,6 +366,7 @@ int hio_tar_feed (hio_tar_t* tar, const void* ptr, hio_oow_t len)
 		}
 	}
 
+printf ("feeding %d\n", len);
 	while (len > 0)
 	{
 		hio_oow_t cplen;