implemented a primitive wrapper device for a system handle

hio/lib/Makefile.am

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ include_HEADERS = \
 	hio-pty.h \
 	hio-rad.h \
 	hio-sck.h \
+	hio-shw.h \
 	hio-skad.h \
 	hio-thr.h \
 	hio-upac.h \
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@ libhio_la_SOURCES = \
 	pty.c \
 	rad-msg.c \
 	sck.c \
+	shw.c \
 	skad.c \
 	sys.c \
 	sys-ass.c \

hio/lib/Makefile.in

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ am__libhio_la_SOURCES_DIST = chr.c dhcp-svr.c dns.c dns-cli.c ecs.c \
 	ecs-imp.h err.c fmt.c fmt-imp.h htb.c htrd.c htre.c http.c \
 	http-cgi.c http-fil.c http-prv.h http-svr.c http-thr.c \
 	http-txt.c json.c hio-prv.h hio.c md5.c nwif.c opt.c opt-imp.h \
-	path.c pipe.c pro.c pty.c rad-msg.c sck.c skad.c sys.c \
+	path.c pipe.c pro.c pty.c rad-msg.c sck.c shw.c skad.c sys.c \
 	sys-ass.c sys-err.c sys-log.c sys-mux.c sys-prv.h sys-tim.c \
 	thr.c uch-case.h uch-prop.h tmr.c utf8.c utl.c utl-siph.c \
 	utl-str.c mar.c mar-cli.c
@@ -167,11 +167,11 @@ am_libhio_la_OBJECTS = libhio_la-chr.lo libhio_la-dhcp-svr.lo \
 	libhio_la-md5.lo libhio_la-nwif.lo libhio_la-opt.lo \
 	libhio_la-path.lo libhio_la-pipe.lo libhio_la-pro.lo \
 	libhio_la-pty.lo libhio_la-rad-msg.lo libhio_la-sck.lo \
-	libhio_la-skad.lo libhio_la-sys.lo libhio_la-sys-ass.lo \
+	libhio_la-shw.lo libhio_la-skad.lo libhio_la-sys.lo \
-	libhio_la-sys-err.lo libhio_la-sys-log.lo libhio_la-sys-mux.lo \
+	libhio_la-sys-ass.lo libhio_la-sys-err.lo libhio_la-sys-log.lo \
-	libhio_la-sys-tim.lo libhio_la-thr.lo libhio_la-tmr.lo \
+	libhio_la-sys-mux.lo libhio_la-sys-tim.lo libhio_la-thr.lo \
-	libhio_la-utf8.lo libhio_la-utl.lo libhio_la-utl-siph.lo \
+	libhio_la-tmr.lo libhio_la-utf8.lo libhio_la-utl.lo \
-	libhio_la-utl-str.lo $(am__objects_1)
+	libhio_la-utl-siph.lo libhio_la-utl-str.lo $(am__objects_1)
 libhio_la_OBJECTS = $(am_libhio_la_OBJECTS)
 AM_V_lt = $(am__v_lt_@AM_V@)
 am__v_lt_ = $(am__v_lt_@AM_DEFAULT_V@)
@@ -214,7 +214,8 @@ am__depfiles_remade = ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-chr.Plo \
 	./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-path.Plo ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-pipe.Plo \
 	./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-pro.Plo ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-pty.Plo \
 	./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-rad-msg.Plo \
-	./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-sck.Plo ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-skad.Plo \
+	./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-sck.Plo ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-shw.Plo \
+	./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-skad.Plo \
 	./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-sys-ass.Plo \
 	./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-sys-err.Plo \
 	./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-sys-log.Plo \
@@ -255,7 +256,8 @@ am__include_HEADERS_DIST = hio-chr.h hio-cmn.h hio-dhcp.h hio-dns.h \
 	hio-ecs.h hio-fmt.h hio-htb.h hio-htrd.h hio-htre.h hio-http.h \
 	hio-json.h hio-md5.h hio-nwif.h hio-opt.h hio-pac1.h \
 	hio-path.h hio-pipe.h hio-pro.h hio-pty.h hio-rad.h hio-sck.h \
-	hio-skad.h hio-thr.h hio-upac.h hio-utl.h hio.h hio-mar.h
+	hio-shw.h hio-skad.h hio-thr.h hio-upac.h hio-utl.h hio.h \
+	hio-mar.h
 HEADERS = $(include_HEADERS)
 am__tagged_files = $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES) $(TAGS_FILES) $(LISP) \
 	hio-cfg.h.in
@@ -453,16 +455,16 @@ include_HEADERS = hio-chr.h hio-cmn.h hio-dhcp.h hio-dns.h hio-ecs.h \
 	hio-fmt.h hio-htb.h hio-htrd.h hio-htre.h hio-http.h \
 	hio-json.h hio-md5.h hio-nwif.h hio-opt.h hio-pac1.h \
 	hio-path.h hio-pipe.h hio-pro.h hio-pty.h hio-rad.h hio-sck.h \
-	hio-skad.h hio-thr.h hio-upac.h hio-utl.h hio.h \
+	hio-shw.h hio-skad.h hio-thr.h hio-upac.h hio-utl.h hio.h \
 	$(am__append_1)
 lib_LTLIBRARIES = libhio.la
 libhio_la_SOURCES = chr.c dhcp-svr.c dns.c dns-cli.c ecs.c ecs-imp.h \
 	err.c fmt.c fmt-imp.h htb.c htrd.c htre.c http.c http-cgi.c \
 	http-fil.c http-prv.h http-svr.c http-thr.c http-txt.c json.c \
 	hio-prv.h hio.c md5.c nwif.c opt.c opt-imp.h path.c pipe.c \
-	pro.c pty.c rad-msg.c sck.c skad.c sys.c sys-ass.c sys-err.c \
+	pro.c pty.c rad-msg.c sck.c shw.c skad.c sys.c sys-ass.c \
-	sys-log.c sys-mux.c sys-prv.h sys-tim.c thr.c uch-case.h \
+	sys-err.c sys-log.c sys-mux.c sys-prv.h sys-tim.c thr.c \
-	uch-prop.h tmr.c utf8.c utl.c utl-siph.c utl-str.c \
+	uch-case.h uch-prop.h tmr.c utf8.c utl.c utl-siph.c utl-str.c \
 	$(am__append_2)
 libhio_la_CPPFLAGS = $(CPPFLAGS_LIB_COMMON)
 libhio_la_CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS_LIB_COMMON) $(am__append_3)
@@ -592,6 +594,7 @@ distclean-compile:
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-pty.Plo@am__quote@ # am--include-marker
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-rad-msg.Plo@am__quote@ # am--include-marker
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-sck.Plo@am__quote@ # am--include-marker
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-shw.Plo@am__quote@ # am--include-marker
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-skad.Plo@am__quote@ # am--include-marker
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-sys-ass.Plo@am__quote@ # am--include-marker
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-sys-err.Plo@am__quote@ # am--include-marker
@@ -825,6 +828,13 @@ libhio_la-sck.lo: sck.c
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	DEPDIR=$(DEPDIR) $(CCDEPMODE) $(depcomp) @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
 @am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	$(AM_V_CC@am__nodep@)$(LIBTOOL) $(AM_V_lt) --tag=CC $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) $(LIBTOOLFLAGS) --mode=compile $(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(libhio_la_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(libhio_la_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o libhio_la-sck.lo `test -f 'sck.c' || echo '$(srcdir)/'`sck.c
 
+libhio_la-shw.lo: shw.c
+@am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(AM_V_CC)$(LIBTOOL) $(AM_V_lt) --tag=CC $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) $(LIBTOOLFLAGS) --mode=compile $(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(libhio_la_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(libhio_la_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -MT libhio_la-shw.lo -MD -MP -MF $(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-shw.Tpo -c -o libhio_la-shw.lo `test -f 'shw.c' || echo '$(srcdir)/'`shw.c
+@am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(AM_V_at)$(am__mv) $(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-shw.Tpo $(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-shw.Plo
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	$(AM_V_CC)source='shw.c' object='libhio_la-shw.lo' libtool=yes @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	DEPDIR=$(DEPDIR) $(CCDEPMODE) $(depcomp) @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
+@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	$(AM_V_CC@am__nodep@)$(LIBTOOL) $(AM_V_lt) --tag=CC $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) $(LIBTOOLFLAGS) --mode=compile $(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(libhio_la_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(libhio_la_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o libhio_la-shw.lo `test -f 'shw.c' || echo '$(srcdir)/'`shw.c
+
 libhio_la-skad.lo: skad.c
 @am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(AM_V_CC)$(LIBTOOL) $(AM_V_lt) --tag=CC $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) $(LIBTOOLFLAGS) --mode=compile $(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(libhio_la_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(libhio_la_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -MT libhio_la-skad.lo -MD -MP -MF $(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-skad.Tpo -c -o libhio_la-skad.lo `test -f 'skad.c' || echo '$(srcdir)/'`skad.c
 @am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(AM_V_at)$(am__mv) $(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-skad.Tpo $(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-skad.Plo
@@ -1114,6 +1124,7 @@ distclean: distclean-am
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-pty.Plo
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-rad-msg.Plo
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-sck.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-shw.Plo
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-skad.Plo
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-sys-ass.Plo
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-sys-err.Plo
@@ -1202,6 +1213,7 @@ maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-am
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-pty.Plo
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-rad-msg.Plo
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-sck.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-shw.Plo
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-skad.Plo
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-sys-ass.Plo
 	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/libhio_la-sys-err.Plo

hio/lib/hio-pro.h

@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ enum hio_dev_pro_make_flag_t
 	HIO_DEV_PRO_DROPOUT = (1 << 9),
 	HIO_DEV_PRO_DROPERR = (1 << 10),
 
+	HIO_DEV_PRO_UCMD = (1 << 12), /* cmd is hio_uch_t* */
 	HIO_DEV_PRO_SHELL = (1 << 13),
 
 	/* perform no waitpid() on a child process upon device destruction.
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ typedef struct hio_dev_pro_make_t hio_dev_pro_make_t;
 struct hio_dev_pro_make_t
 {
 	int flags; /**< bitwise-ORed of hio_dev_pro_make_flag_t enumerators */
-	const void* cmd;
+	const void* cmd; /* the actual type is determined by HIO_DEV_PRO_UCMD */
 	hio_dev_pro_on_write_t on_write; /* mandatory */
 	hio_dev_pro_on_read_t on_read; /* mandatory */
 	hio_dev_pro_on_close_t on_close; /* optional */

hio/lib/hio-pty.h

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ struct hio_dev_pty_t
 {
 	HIO_DEV_HEADER;
 
-	hio_syshnd_t pfd;
+	hio_syshnd_t hnd;
 	hio_intptr_t child_pid;
 	int flags;
 
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ struct hio_dev_pty_t
 
 enum hio_dev_pty_make_flag_t
 {
+	HIO_DEV_PTY_UCMD = (1 << 12), /* cmd is hio_uch_t* */
 	HIO_DEV_PTY_SHELL = (1 << 13),
 	/* perform no waitpid() on a child process upon device destruction.
 	 * you should set this flag if your application has automatic child 
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ typedef struct hio_dev_pty_make_t hio_dev_pty_make_t;
 struct hio_dev_pty_make_t
 {
 	int flags; /**< bitwise-ORed of hio_dev_pty_make_flag_t enumerators */
-	const void* cmd;
+	const void* cmd; /* the actual type is determined by HIO_DEV_PTY_UCMD */
 
 	hio_dev_pty_on_write_t on_write; /* mandatory */
 	hio_dev_pty_on_read_t on_read; /* mandatory */
@@ -107,14 +108,16 @@ HIO_EXPORT  hio_dev_pty_t* hio_dev_pty_make (
 
 #if defined(HIO_HAVE_INLINE)
 static HIO_INLINE hio_t* hio_dev_pty_gethio (hio_dev_pty_t* pty) { return hio_dev_gethio((hio_dev_t*)pty); }
+static HIO_INLINE void* hio_dev_pty_getxtn (hio_dev_pty_t* pty) { return (void*)(pty + 1); }
+static HIO_INLINE hio_syshnd_t hio_dev_pty_getsyshnd (hio_dev_pty_t* pty) { return pty->hnd; }
 #else
 #	define hio_dev_pty_gethio(pty) hio_dev_gethio(pty)
+#	define hio_dev_pty_getxtn(pty) ((void*)(((hio_dev_pty_t*)pty) + 1))
+#	define hio_dev_pty_getsyshnd(pty) (((hio_dev_pty_t*)pty)->hnd)
 #endif
 
 #if defined(HIO_HAVE_INLINE)
-static HIO_INLINE void* hio_dev_pty_getxtn (hio_dev_pty_t* pty) { return (void*)(pty + 1); }
 #else
-#	define hio_dev_pty_getxtn(pty) ((void*)(((hio_dev_pty_t*)pty) + 1))
 #endif
 
 HIO_EXPORT void hio_dev_pty_kill (

hio/lib/hio-shw.h

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/*
+    Copyright (c) 2016-2020 Chung, Hyung-Hwan. All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must repipeduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PIPEVIDED BY THE AUTHOR "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WAfRRANTIES
+    OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+    IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+    INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+    NOT LIMITED TO, PIPECUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+    DATA, OR PIPEFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+    THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+    (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+    THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _HIO_SHW_H_
+#define _HIO_SHW_H_
+
+/* system handle wrapper - 
+ *   turn a raw system handle/file descript to a device object
+ */
+#include <hio.h>
+
+typedef struct hio_dev_shw_t hio_dev_shw_t;
+
+
+typedef int (*hio_dev_shw_on_ready_t) (
+	hio_dev_shw_t*     dev,
+	int                events
+);
+
+
+typedef int (*hio_dev_shw_on_read_t) (
+	hio_dev_shw_t*     dev,
+	const void*        data,
+	hio_iolen_t        len
+);
+
+typedef int (*hio_dev_shw_on_write_t) (
+	hio_dev_shw_t*     dev,
+	hio_iolen_t        wrlen,
+	void*              wrctx
+);
+
+typedef void (*hio_dev_shw_on_close_t) (
+	hio_dev_shw_t*    dev
+);
+
+struct hio_dev_shw_t
+{
+	HIO_DEV_HEADER;
+
+	hio_syshnd_t hnd;
+	int flags;
+
+	hio_dev_shw_on_ready_t on_ready;
+	hio_dev_shw_on_read_t on_read;
+	hio_dev_shw_on_write_t on_write;
+	hio_dev_shw_on_close_t on_close;
+};
+
+enum hio_dev_shw_make_flag_t
+{
+	HIO_DEV_SHW_KEEP_OPEN_ON_CLOSE = (1 << 0),
+	HIO_DEV_SHW_DISABLE_OUT = (1 << 1),
+	HIO_DEV_SHW_DISABLE_IN = (1 << 2),
+	HIO_DEV_SHW_DISABLE_STREAM = (1 << 3)
+};
+typedef enum hio_dev_shw_make_flag_t hio_dev_shw_make_flag_t;
+
+typedef struct hio_dev_shw_make_t hio_dev_shw_make_t;
+struct hio_dev_shw_make_t
+{
+	hio_syshnd_t hnd;
+	int flags; /**< bitwise-ORed of hio_dev_shw_make_flag_t enumerators */
+
+	hio_dev_shw_on_write_t on_write; /* mandatory */
+	hio_dev_shw_on_read_t on_read; /* mandatory */
+	hio_dev_shw_on_close_t on_close; /* optional */
+	hio_dev_shw_on_ready_t on_ready; /* optional */
+};
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+HIO_EXPORT  hio_dev_shw_t* hio_dev_shw_make (
+	hio_t*                     hio,
+	hio_oow_t                  xtnsize,
+	const hio_dev_shw_make_t*  data
+);
+
+#if defined(HIO_HAVE_INLINE)
+static HIO_INLINE hio_t* hio_dev_shw_gethio (hio_dev_shw_t* shw) { return hio_dev_gethio((hio_dev_t*)shw); }
+static HIO_INLINE void* hio_dev_shw_getxtn (hio_dev_shw_t* shw) { return (void*)(shw + 1); }
+static HIO_INLINE hio_syshnd_t hio_dev_shw_getsyshnd (hio_dev_shw_t* shw) { return shw->hnd; }
+#else
+#	define hio_dev_shw_gethio(shw) hio_dev_gethio(shw)
+#	define hio_dev_shw_getxtn(shw) ((void*)(((hio_dev_shw_t*)shw) + 1))
+#	define hio_dev_shw_getsyshnd(shw) (((hio_dev_shw_t*)shw)->hnd)
+#endif
+
+HIO_EXPORT void hio_dev_shw_kill (
+	hio_dev_shw_t* shw
+);
+
+HIO_EXPORT void hio_dev_shw_halt (
+	hio_dev_shw_t* shw
+);
+
+HIO_EXPORT int hio_dev_shw_read (
+	hio_dev_shw_t*      shw,
+	int                 enabled
+);
+
+HIO_EXPORT int hio_dev_shw_timedread (
+	hio_dev_shw_t*      shw,
+	int                 enabled,
+	const hio_ntime_t*  tmout
+);
+
+HIO_EXPORT int hio_dev_shw_write (
+	hio_dev_shw_t*      shw,
+	const void*         data,
+	hio_iolen_t         len,
+	void*               wrctx
+);
+
+HIO_EXPORT int hio_dev_shw_timedwrite (
+	hio_dev_shw_t*      shw,
+	const void*         data,
+	hio_iolen_t         len,
+	const hio_ntime_t*  tmout,
+	void*               wrctx
+);
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif

hio/lib/pro.c

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ static void free_param (hio_t* hio, param_t* param)
 	HIO_MEMSET (param, 0, HIO_SIZEOF(*param));
 }
 
-static int make_param (hio_t* hio, const hio_bch_t* cmd, int flags, param_t* param)
+static int make_param (hio_t* hio, const void* cmd, int flags, param_t* param)
 {
 	int fcnt = 0;
 	hio_bch_t* mcmd = HIO_NULL;
@@ -73,7 +73,15 @@ static int make_param (hio_t* hio, const hio_bch_t* cmd, int flags, param_t* par
 
 	if (flags & HIO_DEV_PRO_SHELL)
 	{
-		mcmd = (hio_bch_t*)cmd;
+		if (flags & HIO_DEV_PRO_UCMD)
+		{
+			mcmd = hio_duputobcstr(hio, cmd, HIO_NULL);
+			if (HIO_UNLIKELY(!mcmd)) goto oops;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			mcmd = (hio_bch_t*)cmd;
+		}
 
 		param->argv = param->fixed_argv;
 		param->argv[0] = "/bin/sh";
@@ -87,7 +95,9 @@ static int make_param (hio_t* hio, const hio_bch_t* cmd, int flags, param_t* par
 		hio_bch_t** argv;
 		hio_bch_t* mcmdptr;
 
-		mcmd = hio_dupbcstr(hio, cmd, HIO_NULL);
+		mcmd = (flags & HIO_DEV_PRO_UCMD)?
+			hio_duputobcstr(hio, cmd, HIO_NULL):
+			hio_dupbcstr(hio, cmd, HIO_NULL);
 		if (HIO_UNLIKELY(!mcmd)) goto oops;
 
 		fcnt = hio_split_bcstr(mcmd, "", '\"', '\"', '\\'); 

hio/lib/pty.c

@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ struct param_t
 	hio_bch_t* mcmd;
 	hio_bch_t* fixed_argv[4];
 	hio_bch_t** argv;
+
+	hio_bch_t* fixed_env[2];
 };
 typedef struct param_t param_t;
 
@@ -56,16 +58,28 @@ static void free_param (hio_t* hio, param_t* param)
 	HIO_MEMSET (param, 0, HIO_SIZEOF(*param));
 }
 
-static int make_param (hio_t* hio, const hio_bch_t* cmd, int flags, param_t* param)
+static int make_param (hio_t* hio, const void* cmd, int flags, param_t* param)
 {
 	int fcnt = 0;
 	hio_bch_t* mcmd = HIO_NULL;
 
 	HIO_MEMSET (param, 0, HIO_SIZEOF(*param));
 
+	/* TODO: make this configurable */
+	param->fixed_env[0] = "TERM=dumb";
+	param->fixed_env[1] = HIO_NULL;
+
 	if (flags & HIO_DEV_PTY_SHELL)
 	{
-		mcmd = (hio_bch_t*)cmd;
+		if (flags & HIO_DEV_PTY_UCMD)
+		{
+			mcmd = hio_duputobcstr(hio, cmd, HIO_NULL);
+			if (HIO_UNLIKELY(!mcmd)) goto oops;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			mcmd = (hio_bch_t*)cmd;
+		}
 
 		param->argv = param->fixed_argv;
 		param->argv[0] = "/bin/sh";
@@ -79,7 +93,9 @@ static int make_param (hio_t* hio, const hio_bch_t* cmd, int flags, param_t* par
 		hio_bch_t** argv;
 		hio_bch_t* mcmdptr;
 
-		mcmd = hio_dupbcstr(hio, cmd, HIO_NULL);
+		mcmd = (flags & HIO_DEV_PTY_UCMD)?
+			hio_duputobcstr(hio, cmd, HIO_NULL):
+			hio_dupbcstr(hio, cmd, HIO_NULL);
 		if (HIO_UNLIKELY(!mcmd)) goto oops;
 
 		fcnt = hio_split_bcstr(mcmd, "", '\"', '\"', '\\'); 
@@ -149,8 +165,7 @@ static pid_t standard_fork_and_exec (hio_dev_pty_t* dev, int pfds[], hio_dev_pty
 		close (pfds[1]);
 		pfds[1] = HIO_SYSHND_INVALID;
 
-/* TODO: pass environment like TERM */
+		execve (param->argv[0], param->argv, param->fixed_env);
-		execv (param->argv[0], param->argv);
 
 		/* if exec fails, free 'param' parameter which is an inherited pointer */
 		free_param (hio, param); 
@@ -252,7 +267,7 @@ static int dev_pty_make (hio_dev_t* dev, void* ctx)
 
 	if (hio_makesyshndasync(hio, pfds[0]) <= -1) goto oops;
 
-	rdev->pfd = pfds[0];
+	rdev->hnd = pfds[0];
 	rdev->child_pid = pid;
 	rdev->flags = info->flags;
 	rdev->dev_cap = HIO_DEV_CAP_OUT | HIO_DEV_CAP_IN | HIO_DEV_CAP_STREAM;
@@ -314,10 +329,10 @@ static int dev_pty_kill (hio_dev_t* dev, int force)
 
 	if (rdev->on_close) rdev->on_close (rdev);
 
-	if (rdev->pfd != HIO_SYSHND_INVALID)
+	if (rdev->hnd != HIO_SYSHND_INVALID)
 	{
-		close (rdev->pfd);
+		close (rdev->hnd);
-		rdev->pfd = HIO_SYSHND_INVALID;
+		rdev->hnd = HIO_SYSHND_INVALID;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -327,13 +342,13 @@ static int dev_pty_read (hio_dev_t* dev, void* buf, hio_iolen_t* len, hio_devadd
 	hio_dev_pty_t* pty = (hio_dev_pty_t*)dev;
 	ssize_t x;
 
-	if (HIO_UNLIKELY(pty->pfd == HIO_SYSHND_INVALID))
+	if (HIO_UNLIKELY(pty->hnd == HIO_SYSHND_INVALID))
 	{
 		hio_seterrnum (pty->hio, HIO_EBADHND);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	x = read(pty->pfd, buf, *len);
+	x = read(pty->hnd, buf, *len);
 	if (x <= -1)
 	{
 		if (errno == EINPROGRESS || errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN) return 0;  /* no data available */
@@ -351,7 +366,7 @@ static int dev_pty_write (hio_dev_t* dev, const void* data, hio_iolen_t* len, co
 	hio_dev_pty_t* pty = (hio_dev_pty_t*)dev;
 	ssize_t x;
 
-	if (HIO_UNLIKELY(pty->pfd == HIO_SYSHND_INVALID))
+	if (HIO_UNLIKELY(pty->hnd == HIO_SYSHND_INVALID))
 	{
 		hio_seterrnum (pty->hio, HIO_EBADHND);
 		return -1;
@@ -361,16 +376,16 @@ static int dev_pty_write (hio_dev_t* dev, const void* data, hio_iolen_t* len, co
 	{
 		/* this is an EOF indicator */
 		/*hio_dev_halt (dev);*/ /* halt this slave device to indicate EOF on the lower-level handle */
-		if (HIO_LIKELY(pty->pfd != HIO_SYSHND_INVALID)) /* halt() doesn't close the pty immediately. so close the underlying pty */
+		if (HIO_LIKELY(pty->hnd != HIO_SYSHND_INVALID)) /* halt() doesn't close the pty immediately. so close the underlying pty */
 		{
 			hio_dev_watch (dev, HIO_DEV_WATCH_STOP, 0);
-			close (pty->pfd);
+			close (pty->hnd);
-			pty->pfd = HIO_SYSHND_INVALID;
+			pty->hnd = HIO_SYSHND_INVALID;
 		}
 		return 1; /* indicate that the operation got successful. the core will execute on_write() with 0. */
 	}
 
-	x = write(pty->pfd, data, *len);
+	x = write(pty->hnd, data, *len);
 	if (x <= -1)
 	{
 		if (errno == EINPROGRESS || errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN) return 0;  /* no data can be written */
@@ -388,7 +403,7 @@ static int dev_pty_writev (hio_dev_t* dev, const hio_iovec_t* iov, hio_iolen_t*
 	hio_dev_pty_t* pty = (hio_dev_pty_t*)dev;
 	ssize_t x;
 
-	if (HIO_UNLIKELY(pty->pfd == HIO_SYSHND_INVALID))
+	if (HIO_UNLIKELY(pty->hnd == HIO_SYSHND_INVALID))
 	{
 		hio_seterrnum (pty->hio, HIO_EBADHND);
 		return -1;
@@ -398,16 +413,16 @@ static int dev_pty_writev (hio_dev_t* dev, const hio_iovec_t* iov, hio_iolen_t*
 	{
 		/* this is an EOF indicator */
 		/*hio_dev_halt (dev);*/ /* halt this slave device to indicate EOF on the lower-level handle  */
-		if (HIO_LIKELY(pty->pfd != HIO_SYSHND_INVALID)) /* halt() doesn't close the pty immediately. so close the underlying pty */
+		if (HIO_LIKELY(pty->hnd != HIO_SYSHND_INVALID)) /* halt() doesn't close the pty immediately. so close the underlying pty */
 		{
 			hio_dev_watch (dev, HIO_DEV_WATCH_STOP, 0);
-			close (pty->pfd);
+			close (pty->hnd);
-			pty->pfd = HIO_SYSHND_INVALID;
+			pty->hnd = HIO_SYSHND_INVALID;
 		}
 		return 1; /* indicate that the operation got successful. the core will execute on_write() with 0. */
 	}
 
-	x = writev(pty->pfd, iov, *iovcnt);
+	x = writev(pty->hnd, iov, *iovcnt);
 	if (x <= -1)
 	{
 		if (errno == EINPROGRESS || errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN) return 0;  /* no data can be written */
@@ -423,7 +438,7 @@ static int dev_pty_writev (hio_dev_t* dev, const hio_iovec_t* iov, hio_iolen_t*
 static hio_syshnd_t dev_pty_getsyshnd (hio_dev_t* dev)
 {
 	hio_dev_pty_t* rdev = (hio_dev_pty_t*)dev;
-	return rdev->pfd;
+	return rdev->hnd;
 }
 
 static int dev_pty_ioctl (hio_dev_t* dev, int cmd, void* arg)

hio/lib/shw.c

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+/*
+    Copyright (c) 2016-2020 Chung, Hyung-Hwan. All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WAfRRANTIES
+    OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+    IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+    INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+    NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+    DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+    THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+    (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+    THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <hio-shw.h>
+#include "hio-prv.h"
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
+
+static int dev_shw_make (hio_dev_t* dev, void* ctx)
+{
+	hio_t* hio = dev->hio;
+	hio_dev_shw_t* rdev = (hio_dev_shw_t*)dev;
+	hio_dev_shw_make_t* info = (hio_dev_shw_make_t*)ctx;
+
+	rdev->hnd = info->hnd;
+	rdev->flags = info->flags;
+
+	rdev->dev_cap = HIO_DEV_CAP_OUT | HIO_DEV_CAP_IN | HIO_DEV_CAP_STREAM;
+	if (info->flags & HIO_DEV_SHW_DISABLE_OUT) rdev->dev_cap &= ~HIO_DEV_CAP_OUT;
+	if (info->flags & HIO_DEV_SHW_DISABLE_IN) rdev->dev_cap &= ~HIO_DEV_CAP_IN;
+	if (info->flags & HIO_DEV_SHW_DISABLE_STREAM) rdev->dev_cap &= ~HIO_DEV_CAP_STREAM;
+
+	rdev->on_ready = info->on_ready;
+	rdev->on_read = info->on_read;
+	rdev->on_write = info->on_write;
+	rdev->on_close = info->on_close;
+	return 0;
+
+oops:
+	/* don't close the handle regardless of HIO_DEV_SHW_KEEP_OPEN_ON_CLOSE.
+	 * the device is not created. so no ownership of the handle is passed to this wrapper device */
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int dev_shw_kill (hio_dev_t* dev, int force)
+{
+	hio_t* hio = dev->hio;
+	hio_dev_shw_t* rdev = (hio_dev_shw_t*)dev;
+
+	if (rdev->on_close) rdev->on_close (rdev);
+
+	if (rdev->hnd != HIO_SYSHND_INVALID)
+	{
+		if (!(rdev->flags & HIO_DEV_SHW_KEEP_OPEN_ON_CLOSE))
+		{
+			close (rdev->hnd);
+			rdev->hnd = HIO_SYSHND_INVALID;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int dev_shw_read (hio_dev_t* dev, void* buf, hio_iolen_t* len, hio_devaddr_t* srcaddr)
+{
+	hio_dev_shw_t* shw = (hio_dev_shw_t*)dev;
+	ssize_t x;
+
+	if (HIO_UNLIKELY(shw->hnd == HIO_SYSHND_INVALID))
+	{
+		hio_seterrnum (shw->hio, HIO_EBADHND);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	x = read(shw->hnd, buf, *len);
+	if (x <= -1)
+	{
+		if (errno == EINPROGRESS || errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN) return 0;  /* no data available */
+		if (errno == EINTR) return 0;
+		hio_seterrwithsyserr (shw->hio, 0, errno);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	*len = x;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int dev_shw_write (hio_dev_t* dev, const void* data, hio_iolen_t* len, const hio_devaddr_t* dstaddr)
+{
+	hio_dev_shw_t* shw = (hio_dev_shw_t*)dev;
+	ssize_t x;
+
+	if (HIO_UNLIKELY(shw->hnd == HIO_SYSHND_INVALID))
+	{
+		hio_seterrnum (shw->hio, HIO_EBADHND);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (HIO_UNLIKELY(*len <= 0))
+	{
+		/* this is an EOF indicator */
+		/*hio_dev_halt (dev);*/ /* halt this slave device to indicate EOF on the lower-level handle */
+		if (HIO_LIKELY(shw->hnd != HIO_SYSHND_INVALID)) /* halt() doesn't close the handle immediately. so close the underlying handle */
+		{
+			hio_dev_watch (dev, HIO_DEV_WATCH_STOP, 0);
+			if (!(shw->flags & HIO_DEV_SHW_KEEP_OPEN_ON_CLOSE))
+			{
+				close (shw->hnd);
+				shw->hnd = HIO_SYSHND_INVALID;
+			}
+		}
+		return 1; /* indicate that the operation got successful. the core will execute on_write() with 0. */
+	}
+
+	x = write(shw->hnd, data, *len);
+	if (x <= -1)
+	{
+		if (errno == EINPROGRESS || errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN) return 0;  /* no data can be written */
+		if (errno == EINTR) return 0;
+		hio_seterrwithsyserr (shw->hio, 0, errno);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	*len = x;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int dev_shw_writev (hio_dev_t* dev, const hio_iovec_t* iov, hio_iolen_t* iovcnt, const hio_devaddr_t* dstaddr)
+{
+	hio_dev_shw_t* shw = (hio_dev_shw_t*)dev;
+	ssize_t x;
+
+	if (HIO_UNLIKELY(shw->hnd == HIO_SYSHND_INVALID))
+	{
+		hio_seterrnum (shw->hio, HIO_EBADHND);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (HIO_UNLIKELY(*iovcnt <= 0))
+	{
+		/* this is an EOF indicator */
+		/*hio_dev_halt (dev);*/ /* halt this slave device to indicate EOF on the lower-level handle  */
+		if (HIO_LIKELY(shw->hnd != HIO_SYSHND_INVALID)) /* halt() doesn't close the handle immediately. so close the underlying handle */
+		{
+			hio_dev_watch (dev, HIO_DEV_WATCH_STOP, 0);
+			if (!(shw->flags & HIO_DEV_SHW_KEEP_OPEN_ON_CLOSE))
+			{
+				close (shw->hnd);
+				shw->hnd = HIO_SYSHND_INVALID;
+			}
+		}
+		return 1; /* indicate that the operation got successful. the core will execute on_write() with 0. */
+	}
+
+	x = writev(shw->hnd, iov, *iovcnt);
+	if (x <= -1)
+	{
+		if (errno == EINPROGRESS || errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN) return 0;  /* no data can be written */
+		if (errno == EINTR) return 0;
+		hio_seterrwithsyserr (shw->hio, 0, errno);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	*iovcnt = x;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static hio_syshnd_t dev_shw_getsyshnd (hio_dev_t* dev)
+{
+	hio_dev_shw_t* rdev = (hio_dev_shw_t*)dev;
+	return rdev->hnd;
+}
+
+static hio_dev_mth_t dev_shw_methods = 
+{
+	dev_shw_make,
+	dev_shw_kill,
+	HIO_NULL,
+	dev_shw_getsyshnd,
+	HIO_NULL,
+	HIO_NULL, /* ioctl */
+
+	dev_shw_read,
+	dev_shw_write,
+	dev_shw_writev,
+	HIO_NULL, /* sendfile */
+};
+
+/* ========================================================================= */
+
+static int shw_ready (hio_dev_t* dev, int events)
+{
+	hio_t* hio = dev->hio;
+	hio_dev_shw_t* shw = (hio_dev_shw_t*)dev;
+
+	if (events & HIO_DEV_EVENT_ERR)
+	{
+		hio_seterrnum (hio, HIO_EDEVERR);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (events & HIO_DEV_EVENT_HUP)
+	{
+		if (events & (HIO_DEV_EVENT_PRI | HIO_DEV_EVENT_IN | HIO_DEV_EVENT_OUT)) 
+		{
+			/* probably half-open? */
+			return shw->on_ready? shw->on_ready(shw, events): 1; 
+		}
+
+		hio_seterrnum (hio, HIO_EDEVHUP);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* 1 - the device is ok. carry on reading or writing */
+	return shw->on_ready? shw->on_ready(shw, events): 1;
+}
+
+static int shw_on_read (hio_dev_t* dev, const void* data, hio_iolen_t len, const hio_devaddr_t* srcaddr)
+{
+	hio_dev_shw_t* shw = (hio_dev_shw_t*)dev;
+	return shw->on_read(shw, data, len);
+}
+
+static int shw_on_write (hio_dev_t* dev, hio_iolen_t wrlen, void* wrctx, const hio_devaddr_t* dstaddr)
+{
+	hio_dev_shw_t* shw = (hio_dev_shw_t*)dev;
+	return shw->on_write(shw, wrlen, wrctx);
+}
+
+
+static hio_dev_evcb_t dev_shw_event_callbacks =
+{
+	shw_ready,
+	shw_on_read,
+	shw_on_write
+};
+
+/* ========================================================================= */
+
+hio_dev_shw_t* hio_dev_shw_make (hio_t* hio, hio_oow_t xtnsize, const hio_dev_shw_make_t* info)
+{
+	return (hio_dev_shw_t*)hio_dev_make(
+		hio, HIO_SIZEOF(hio_dev_shw_t) + xtnsize, 
+		&dev_shw_methods, &dev_shw_event_callbacks, (void*)info);
+}
+
+void hio_dev_shw_kill (hio_dev_shw_t* dev)
+{
+	hio_dev_kill ((hio_dev_t*)dev);
+}
+
+void hio_dev_shw_halt (hio_dev_shw_t* dev)
+{
+	hio_dev_halt ((hio_dev_t*)dev);
+}
+
+int hio_dev_shw_read (hio_dev_shw_t* dev, int enabled)
+{
+	return hio_dev_read((hio_dev_t*)dev, enabled);
+}
+
+int hio_dev_shw_timedread (hio_dev_shw_t* dev, int enabled, const hio_ntime_t* tmout)
+{
+	return hio_dev_timedread((hio_dev_t*)dev, enabled, tmout);
+}
+
+int hio_dev_shw_write (hio_dev_shw_t* dev, const void* data, hio_iolen_t dlen, void* wrctx)
+{
+	return hio_dev_write((hio_dev_t*)dev, data, dlen, wrctx, HIO_NULL);
+}
+
+int hio_dev_shw_timedwrite (hio_dev_shw_t* dev, const void* data, hio_iolen_t dlen, const hio_ntime_t* tmout, void* wrctx)
+{
+	return hio_dev_timedwrite((hio_dev_t*)dev, data, dlen, tmout, wrctx, HIO_NULL);
+}