604 lines
18 KiB
C
604 lines
18 KiB
C
/*
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* $Id$
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*
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Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Chung, Hyung-Hwan. All rights reserved.
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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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are met:
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1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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*/
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#ifndef _HCL_RBT_H_
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#define _HCL_RBT_H_
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#include "hcl-cmn.h"
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/** \file
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* This file provides a red-black tree encapsulated in the #hcl_rbt_t type that
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* implements a self-balancing binary search tree.Its interface is very close
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* to #hcl_htb_t.
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*
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* This sample code adds a series of keys and values and print them
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* in descending key order.
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* \code
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* #include <hcl/cmn/rbt.h>
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* #include <hcl/cmn/mem.h>
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* #include <hcl/cmn/sio.h>
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*
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* static hcl_rbt_walk_t walk (hcl_rbt_t* rbt, hcl_rbt_pair_t* pair, void* ctx)
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* {
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* hcl_printf (HCL_T("key = %d, value = %d\n"),
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* *(int*)HCL_RBT_KPTR(pair), *(int*)HCL_RBT_VPTR(pair));
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* return HCL_RBT_WALK_FORWARD;
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* }
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*
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* int main ()
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* {
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* hcl_rbt_t* s1;
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* int i;
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*
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* s1 = hcl_rbt_open (HCL_MMGR_GETDFL(), 0, 1, 1); // error handling skipped
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* hcl_rbt_setstyle (s1, hcl_getrbtstyle(HCL_RBT_STYLE_INLINE_COPIERS));
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*
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* for (i = 0; i < 20; i++)
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* {
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* int x = i * 20;
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* hcl_rbt_insert (s1, &i, HCL_SIZEOF(i), &x, HCL_SIZEOF(x)); // eror handling skipped
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* }
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*
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* hcl_rbt_rwalk (s1, walk, HCL_NULL);
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*
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* hcl_rbt_close (s1);
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* return 0;
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* }
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* \endcode
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*/
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typedef struct hcl_rbt_t hcl_rbt_t;
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typedef struct hcl_rbt_pair_t hcl_rbt_pair_t;
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_walk_t type defines values that the callback function can
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* return to control hcl_rbt_walk() and hcl_rbt_rwalk().
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*/
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enum hcl_rbt_walk_t
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{
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HCL_RBT_WALK_STOP = 0,
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HCL_RBT_WALK_FORWARD = 1
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};
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typedef enum hcl_rbt_walk_t hcl_rbt_walk_t;
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_id_t type defines IDs to indicate a key or a value in various
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* functions
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*/
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enum hcl_rbt_id_t
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{
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HCL_RBT_KEY = 0, /**< indicate a key */
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HCL_RBT_VAL = 1 /**< indicate a value */
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};
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typedef enum hcl_rbt_id_t hcl_rbt_id_t;
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_copier_t type defines a pair contruction callback.
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*/
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typedef void* (*hcl_rbt_copier_t) (
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hcl_rbt_t* rbt /**< red-black tree */,
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void* dptr /**< pointer to a key or a value */,
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hcl_oow_t dlen /**< length of a key or a value */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_freeer_t defines a key/value destruction callback.
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*/
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typedef void (*hcl_rbt_freeer_t) (
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hcl_rbt_t* rbt, /**< red-black tree */
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void* dptr, /**< pointer to a key or a value */
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hcl_oow_t dlen /**< length of a key or a value */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_comper_t type defines a key comparator that is called when
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* the rbt needs to compare keys. A red-black tree is created with a default
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* comparator which performs bitwise comparison of two keys.
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* The comparator should return 0 if the keys are the same, 1 if the first
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* key is greater than the second key, -1 otherwise.
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*/
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typedef int (*hcl_rbt_comper_t) (
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const hcl_rbt_t* rbt, /**< red-black tree */
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const void* kptr1, /**< key pointer */
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hcl_oow_t klen1, /**< key length */
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const void* kptr2, /**< key pointer */
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hcl_oow_t klen2 /**< key length */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_keeper_t type defines a value keeper that is called when
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* a value is retained in the context that it should be destroyed because
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* it is identical to a new value. Two values are identical if their
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* pointers and lengths are equal.
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*/
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typedef void (*hcl_rbt_keeper_t) (
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hcl_rbt_t* rbt, /**< red-black tree */
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void* vptr, /**< value pointer */
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hcl_oow_t vlen /**< value length */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_walker_t defines a pair visitor.
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*/
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typedef hcl_rbt_walk_t (*hcl_rbt_walker_t) (
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hcl_rbt_t* rbt, /**< red-black tree */
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hcl_rbt_pair_t* pair, /**< pointer to a key/value pair */
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void* ctx /**< pointer to user-defined data */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_cbserter_t type defines a callback function for hcl_rbt_cbsert().
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* The hcl_rbt_cbserter() function calls it to allocate a new pair for the
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* key pointed to by \a kptr of the length \a klen and the callback context
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* \a ctx. The second parameter \a pair is passed the pointer to the existing
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* pair for the key or #HCL_NULL in case of no existing key. The callback
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* must return a pointer to a new or a reallocated pair. When reallocating the
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* existing pair, this callback must destroy the existing pair and return the
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* newly reallocated pair. It must return #HCL_NULL for failure.
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*/
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typedef hcl_rbt_pair_t* (*hcl_rbt_cbserter_t) (
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hcl_rbt_t* rbt, /**< red-black tree */
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hcl_rbt_pair_t* pair, /**< pair pointer */
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void* kptr, /**< key pointer */
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hcl_oow_t klen, /**< key length */
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void* ctx /**< callback context */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_pair_t type defines red-black tree pair. A pair is composed
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* of a key and a value. It maintains pointers to the beginning of a key and
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* a value plus their length. The length is scaled down with the scale factor
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* specified in an owning tree. Use macros defined in the
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*/
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struct hcl_rbt_pair_t
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{
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struct
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{
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void* ptr;
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hcl_oow_t len;
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} key;
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struct
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{
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void* ptr;
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hcl_oow_t len;
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} val;
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/* management information below */
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enum
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{
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HCL_RBT_RED,
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HCL_RBT_BLACK
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} color;
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hcl_rbt_pair_t* parent;
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hcl_rbt_pair_t* child[2]; /* left and right */
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};
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typedef struct hcl_rbt_style_t hcl_rbt_style_t;
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_style_t type defines callback function sets for key/value
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* pair manipulation.
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*/
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struct hcl_rbt_style_t
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{
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hcl_rbt_copier_t copier[2]; /**< key and value copier */
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hcl_rbt_freeer_t freeer[2]; /**< key and value freeer */
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hcl_rbt_comper_t comper; /**< key comparator */
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hcl_rbt_keeper_t keeper; /**< value keeper */
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};
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_style_kind_t type defines the type of predefined
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* callback set for pair manipulation.
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*/
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enum hcl_rbt_style_kind_t
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{
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/** store the key and the value pointer */
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HCL_RBT_STYLE_DEFAULT,
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/** copy both key and value into the pair */
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HCL_RBT_STYLE_INLINE_COPIERS,
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/** copy the key into the pair but store the value pointer */
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HCL_RBT_STYLE_INLINE_KEY_COPIER,
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/** copy the value into the pair but store the key pointer */
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HCL_RBT_STYLE_INLINE_VALUE_COPIER
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};
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typedef enum hcl_rbt_style_kind_t hcl_rbt_style_kind_t;
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_t type defines a red-black tree.
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*/
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struct hcl_rbt_t
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{
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hcl_t* hcl;
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const hcl_rbt_style_t* style;
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hcl_oob_t scale[2]; /**< length scale */
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hcl_rbt_pair_t xnil; /**< internal nil node */
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hcl_oow_t size; /**< number of pairs */
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hcl_rbt_pair_t* root; /**< root pair */
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};
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/**
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* The HCL_RBT_COPIER_SIMPLE macros defines a copier that remembers the
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* pointer and length of data in a pair.
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*/
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#define HCL_RBT_COPIER_SIMPLE ((hcl_rbt_copier_t)1)
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/**
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* The HCL_RBT_COPIER_INLINE macros defines a copier that copies data into
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* a pair.
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*/
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#define HCL_RBT_COPIER_INLINE ((hcl_rbt_copier_t)2)
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#define HCL_RBT_COPIER_DEFAULT (HCL_RBT_COPIER_SIMPLE)
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#define HCL_RBT_FREEER_DEFAULT (HCL_NULL)
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#define HCL_RBT_COMPER_DEFAULT (hcl_rbt_dflcomp)
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#define HCL_RBT_KEEPER_DEFAULT (HCL_NULL)
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/**
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* The HCL_RBT_SIZE() macro returns the number of pairs in red-black tree.
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*/
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#define HCL_RBT_SIZE(m) ((const hcl_oow_t)(m)->size)
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#define HCL_RBT_KSCALE(m) ((const int)(m)->scale[HCL_RBT_KEY])
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#define HCL_RBT_VSCALE(m) ((const int)(m)->scale[HCL_RBT_VAL])
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#define HCL_RBT_KPTL(p) (&(p)->key)
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#define HCL_RBT_VPTL(p) (&(p)->val)
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#define HCL_RBT_KPTR(p) ((p)->key.ptr)
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#define HCL_RBT_KLEN(p) ((p)->key.len)
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#define HCL_RBT_VPTR(p) ((p)->val.ptr)
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#define HCL_RBT_VLEN(p) ((p)->val.len)
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#define HCL_RBT_NEXT(p) ((p)->next)
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#if defined(__cplusplus)
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extern "C" {
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#endif
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/**
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* The hcl_getrbtstyle() functions returns a predefined callback set for
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* pair manipulation.
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*/
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HCL_EXPORT const hcl_rbt_style_t* hcl_getrbtstyle (
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hcl_rbt_style_kind_t kind
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_open() function creates a red-black tree.
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* \return hcl_rbt_t pointer on success, HCL_NULL on failure.
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*/
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HCL_EXPORT hcl_rbt_t* hcl_rbt_open (
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hcl_t* hcl,
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hcl_oow_t xtnsize, /**< extension size in bytes */
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int kscale, /**< key scale */
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int vscale /**< value scale */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_close() function destroys a red-black tree.
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*/
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HCL_EXPORT void hcl_rbt_close (
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hcl_rbt_t* rbt /**< red-black tree */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_init() function initializes a red-black tree
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*/
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HCL_EXPORT int hcl_rbt_init (
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hcl_rbt_t* rbt, /**< red-black tree */
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hcl_t* hcl,
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int kscale, /**< key scale */
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int vscale /**< value scale */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_fini() funtion finalizes a red-black tree
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*/
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HCL_EXPORT void hcl_rbt_fini (
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hcl_rbt_t* rbt /**< red-black tree */
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);
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HCL_EXPORT void* hcl_rbt_getxtn (
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hcl_rbt_t* rbt
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_getstyle() function gets manipulation callback function set.
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*/
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HCL_EXPORT const hcl_rbt_style_t* hcl_rbt_getstyle (
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const hcl_rbt_t* rbt /**< red-black tree */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_setstyle() function sets internal manipulation callback
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* functions for data construction, destruction, comparison, etc.
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* The callback structure pointed to by \a style must outlive the tree
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* pointed to by \a htb as the tree doesn't copy the contents of the
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* structure.
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*/
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HCL_EXPORT void hcl_rbt_setstyle (
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hcl_rbt_t* rbt, /**< red-black tree */
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const hcl_rbt_style_t* style /**< callback function set */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_getsize() function gets the number of pairs in red-black tree.
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*/
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HCL_EXPORT hcl_oow_t hcl_rbt_getsize (
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const hcl_rbt_t* rbt /**< red-black tree */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_search() function searches red-black tree to find a pair with a
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* matching key. It returns the pointer to the pair found. If it fails
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* to find one, it returns HCL_NULL.
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* \return pointer to the pair with a maching key,
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* or HCL_NULL if no match is found.
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*/
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HCL_EXPORT hcl_rbt_pair_t* hcl_rbt_search (
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const hcl_rbt_t* rbt, /**< red-black tree */
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const void* kptr, /**< key pointer */
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hcl_oow_t klen /**< the size of the key */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_upsert() function searches red-black tree for the pair with a
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* matching key. If one is found, it updates the pair. Otherwise, it inserts
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* a new pair with the key and the value given. It returns the pointer to the
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* pair updated or inserted.
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* \return a pointer to the updated or inserted pair on success,
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* HCL_NULL on failure.
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*/
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HCL_EXPORT hcl_rbt_pair_t* hcl_rbt_upsert (
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hcl_rbt_t* rbt, /**< red-black tree */
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void* kptr, /**< key pointer */
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hcl_oow_t klen, /**< key length */
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void* vptr, /**< value pointer */
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hcl_oow_t vlen /**< value length */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_ensert() function inserts a new pair with the key and the value
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* given. If there exists a pair with the key given, the function returns
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* the pair containing the key.
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* \return pointer to a pair on success, HCL_NULL on failure.
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*/
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HCL_EXPORT hcl_rbt_pair_t* hcl_rbt_ensert (
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hcl_rbt_t* rbt, /**< red-black tree */
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void* kptr, /**< key pointer */
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hcl_oow_t klen, /**< key length */
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void* vptr, /**< value pointer */
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hcl_oow_t vlen /**< value length */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_insert() function inserts a new pair with the key and the value
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* given. If there exists a pair with the key given, the function returns
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* HCL_NULL without channging the value.
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* \return pointer to the pair created on success, HCL_NULL on failure.
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*/
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HCL_EXPORT hcl_rbt_pair_t* hcl_rbt_insert (
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hcl_rbt_t* rbt, /**< red-black tree */
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void* kptr, /**< key pointer */
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hcl_oow_t klen, /**< key length */
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void* vptr, /**< value pointer */
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hcl_oow_t vlen /**< value length */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_update() function updates the value of an existing pair
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* with a matching key.
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* \return pointer to the pair on success, HCL_NULL on no matching pair
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*/
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HCL_EXPORT hcl_rbt_pair_t* hcl_rbt_update (
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hcl_rbt_t* rbt, /**< red-black tree */
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void* kptr, /**< key pointer */
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hcl_oow_t klen, /**< key length */
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void* vptr, /**< value pointer */
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hcl_oow_t vlen /**< value length */
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);
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/**
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* The hcl_rbt_cbsert() function inserts a key/value pair by delegating pair
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* allocation to a callback function. Depending on the callback function,
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* it may behave like hcl_rbt_insert(), hcl_rbt_upsert(), hcl_rbt_update(),
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* hcl_rbt_ensert(), or totally differently. The sample code below inserts
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* a new pair if the key is not found and appends the new value to the
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* existing value delimited by a comma if the key is found.
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*
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* \code
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* hcl_rbt_walk_t print_map_pair (hcl_rbt_t* map, hcl_rbt_pair_t* pair, void* ctx)
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* {
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* hcl_printf (HCL_T("%.*s[%d] => %.*s[%d]\n"),
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* (int)HCL_RBT_KLEN(pair), HCL_RBT_KPTR(pair), (int)HCL_RBT_KLEN(pair),
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* (int)HCL_RBT_VLEN(pair), HCL_RBT_VPTR(pair), (int)HCL_RBT_VLEN(pair));
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* return HCL_RBT_WALK_FORWARD;
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* }
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*
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* hcl_rbt_pair_t* cbserter (
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* hcl_rbt_t* rbt, hcl_rbt_pair_t* pair,
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* void* kptr, hcl_oow_t klen, void* ctx)
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* {
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* hcl_cstr_t* v = (hcl_cstr_t*)ctx;
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* if (pair == HCL_NULL)
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* {
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* // no existing key for the key
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* return hcl_rbt_allocpair (rbt, kptr, klen, v->ptr, v->len);
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* }
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* else
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* {
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* // a pair with the key exists.
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* // in this sample, i will append the new value to the old value
|
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* // separated by a comma
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* hcl_rbt_pair_t* new_pair;
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* hcl_ooch_t comma = HCL_T(',');
|
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* hcl_oob_t* vptr;
|
|
*
|
|
* // allocate a new pair, but without filling the actual value.
|
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* // note vptr is given HCL_NULL for that purpose
|
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* new_pair = hcl_rbt_allocpair (
|
|
* rbt, kptr, klen, HCL_NULL, pair->vlen + 1 + v->len);
|
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* if (new_pair == HCL_NULL) return HCL_NULL;
|
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*
|
|
* // fill in the value space
|
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* vptr = new_pair->vptr;
|
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* hcl_memcpy (vptr, pair->vptr, pair->vlen*HCL_SIZEOF(hcl_ooch_t));
|
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* vptr += pair->vlen*HCL_SIZEOF(hcl_ooch_t);
|
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* hcl_memcpy (vptr, &comma, HCL_SIZEOF(hcl_ooch_t));
|
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* vptr += HCL_SIZEOF(hcl_ooch_t);
|
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* hcl_memcpy (vptr, v->ptr, v->len*HCL_SIZEOF(hcl_ooch_t));
|
|
*
|
|
* // this callback requires the old pair to be destroyed
|
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* hcl_rbt_freepair (rbt, pair);
|
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*
|
|
* // return the new pair
|
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* return new_pair;
|
|
* }
|
|
* }
|
|
*
|
|
* int main ()
|
|
* {
|
|
* hcl_rbt_t* s1;
|
|
* int i;
|
|
* hcl_ooch_t* keys[] = { HCL_T("one"), HCL_T("two"), HCL_T("three") };
|
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* hcl_ooch_t* vals[] = { HCL_T("1"), HCL_T("2"), HCL_T("3"), HCL_T("4"), HCL_T("5") };
|
|
*
|
|
* s1 = hcl_rbt_open (
|
|
* HCL_MMGR_GETDFL(), 0,
|
|
* HCL_SIZEOF(hcl_ooch_t), HCL_SIZEOF(hcl_ooch_t)
|
|
* ); // note error check is skipped
|
|
* hcl_rbt_setstyle (s1, &style1);
|
|
*
|
|
* for (i = 0; i < HCL_COUNTOF(vals); i++)
|
|
* {
|
|
* hcl_cstr_t ctx;
|
|
* ctx.ptr = vals[i]; ctx.len = hcl_strlen(vals[i]);
|
|
* hcl_rbt_cbsert (s1,
|
|
* keys[i%HCL_COUNTOF(keys)], hcl_strlen(keys[i%HCL_COUNTOF(keys)]),
|
|
* cbserter, &ctx
|
|
* ); // note error check is skipped
|
|
* }
|
|
* hcl_rbt_walk (s1, print_map_pair, HCL_NULL);
|
|
*
|
|
* hcl_rbt_close (s1);
|
|
* return 0;
|
|
* }
|
|
* \endcode
|
|
*/
|
|
HCL_EXPORT hcl_rbt_pair_t* hcl_rbt_cbsert (
|
|
hcl_rbt_t* rbt, /**< red-black tree */
|
|
void* kptr, /**< key pointer */
|
|
hcl_oow_t klen, /**< key length */
|
|
hcl_rbt_cbserter_t cbserter, /**< callback function */
|
|
void* ctx /**< callback context */
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* The hcl_rbt_delete() function deletes a pair with a matching key
|
|
* \return 0 on success, -1 on failure
|
|
*/
|
|
HCL_EXPORT int hcl_rbt_delete (
|
|
hcl_rbt_t* rbt, /**< red-black tree */
|
|
const void* kptr, /**< key pointer */
|
|
hcl_oow_t klen /**< key size */
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* The hcl_rbt_clear() function empties a red-black tree.
|
|
*/
|
|
HCL_EXPORT void hcl_rbt_clear (
|
|
hcl_rbt_t* rbt /**< red-black tree */
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* The hcl_rbt_walk() function traverses a red-black tree in preorder
|
|
* from the leftmost child.
|
|
*/
|
|
HCL_EXPORT void hcl_rbt_walk (
|
|
hcl_rbt_t* rbt, /**< red-black tree */
|
|
hcl_rbt_walker_t walker, /**< callback function for each pair */
|
|
void* ctx /**< pointer to user-specific data */
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* The hcl_rbt_walk() function traverses a red-black tree in preorder
|
|
* from the rightmost child.
|
|
*/
|
|
HCL_EXPORT void hcl_rbt_rwalk (
|
|
hcl_rbt_t* rbt, /**< red-black tree */
|
|
hcl_rbt_walker_t walker, /**< callback function for each pair */
|
|
void* ctx /**< pointer to user-specific data */
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* The hcl_rbt_allocpair() function allocates a pair for a key and a value
|
|
* given. But it does not chain the pair allocated into the red-black tree \a rbt.
|
|
* Use this function at your own risk.
|
|
*
|
|
* Take note of he following special behavior when the copier is
|
|
* #HCL_RBT_COPIER_INLINE.
|
|
* - If \a kptr is #HCL_NULL, the key space of the size \a klen is reserved but
|
|
* not propagated with any data.
|
|
* - If \a vptr is #HCL_NULL, the value space of the size \a vlen is reserved
|
|
* but not propagated with any data.
|
|
*/
|
|
HCL_EXPORT hcl_rbt_pair_t* hcl_rbt_allocpair (
|
|
hcl_rbt_t* rbt,
|
|
void* kptr,
|
|
hcl_oow_t klen,
|
|
void* vptr,
|
|
hcl_oow_t vlen
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* The hcl_rbt_freepair() function destroys a pair. But it does not detach
|
|
* the pair destroyed from the red-black tree \a rbt. Use this function at your
|
|
* own risk.
|
|
*/
|
|
HCL_EXPORT void hcl_rbt_freepair (
|
|
hcl_rbt_t* rbt,
|
|
hcl_rbt_pair_t* pair
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* The hcl_rbt_dflcomp() function defines the default key comparator.
|
|
*/
|
|
HCL_EXPORT int hcl_rbt_dflcomp (
|
|
const hcl_rbt_t* rbt,
|
|
const void* kptr1,
|
|
hcl_oow_t klen1,
|
|
const void* kptr2,
|
|
hcl_oow_t klen2
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
#if defined(__cplusplus)
|
|
}
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#endif
|