diff --git a/lib/comp.c b/lib/comp.c
index 7de3b7c..7904cc7 100644
--- a/lib/comp.c
+++ b/lib/comp.c
@@ -1974,13 +1974,11 @@ static HCL_INLINE int compile_class_p1 (hcl_t* hcl)
 
 		HCL_ASSERT (hcl, HCL_CNODE_IS_CONS(obj)); /* must not get CDR. the reader must ensure this */
 
-printf ("VLIST....\n");
 		vars = HCL_CNODE_CONS_CAR(obj);
 		if (!HCL_CNODE_IS_CONS_CONCODED(vars, HCL_CONCODE_VLIST)) break;
 
 // TODO increment nivars and ncvars
 // also remember actual variable names...
-printf ("22222222222\n");
 		obj = HCL_CNODE_CONS_CDR(obj);
 	}
 	
@@ -2005,21 +2003,17 @@ printf ("22222222222\n");
 	
 	if (push_clsblk(hcl, &cf->u._class.start_loc, nivars, ncvars) <= -1) return -1;
 
-	/* make_class nsuperclasses, nivars, ncvars - this will use the pushed literal */
-	if (emit_byte_instruction(hcl, HCL_CODE_MAKE_CLASS, &cf->u._class.start_loc) <= -1) return -1;
+	/* class_enter nsuperclasses, nivars, ncvars  */
+	if (emit_byte_instruction(hcl, HCL_CODE_CLASS_ENTER, &cf->u._class.start_loc) <= -1) return -1;
 	if (emit_long_param(hcl, cf->u._class.nsuperclasses) <= -1) return -1;
 	if (emit_long_param(hcl, nivars) <= -1) return -1;
 	if (emit_long_param(hcl, ncvars) <= -1) return -1;
 
-	if (emit_byte_instruction(hcl, HCL_CODE_CLASS_ENTER, &cf->u._class.start_loc) <= -1) return -1; // TODO: do i need this separater instruction?
-
 	SWITCH_TOP_CFRAME (hcl, COP_COMPILE_OBJECT_LIST, obj); /* 1 */
-	
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-
 static HCL_INLINE int compile_class_p2 (hcl_t* hcl)
 {
 	hcl_cframe_t* cf;
@@ -2068,6 +2062,8 @@ static HCL_INLINE int compile_class_p2 (hcl_t* hcl)
 #else
 /* should i make the assignment in POST?  or after variable declarations immediately? */
 /* TODO: emit instruction to store into the class name...? */
+/* TODO: NEED TO EMIT POP_STACKTOP???? IN THIS CASE CLASS_EXIT MUST PUSH SOMETHING? */
+
 	if (emit_byte_instruction(hcl, HCL_CODE_CLASS_EXIT, HCL_CNODE_GET_LOC(cf->operand)) <= -1) return -1;
 	printf ("end of CLASS DEFINITION\n");
 	POP_CFRAME (hcl);
diff --git a/lib/decode.c b/lib/decode.c
index a326bcf..dd97ab9 100644
--- a/lib/decode.c
+++ b/lib/decode.c
@@ -378,9 +378,17 @@ int hcl_decode (hcl_t* hcl, hcl_oow_t start, hcl_oow_t end)
 				break;
 			/* -------------------------------------------------------- */
 			case HCL_CODE_CLASS_ENTER:
-				LOG_INST_0 (hcl, "class_enter");
-				break;
+			{
+				hcl_oow_t b3;
 				
+				FETCH_PARAM_CODE_TO (hcl, b1);
+				FETCH_PARAM_CODE_TO (hcl, b2);
+				FETCH_PARAM_CODE_TO (hcl, b3);
+				LOG_INST_3 (hcl, "class_enter %zu %zu %zu", b1, b2, b3);
+
+				break;
+			}
+
 			case HCL_CODE_CLASS_EXIT:
 				LOG_INST_0 (hcl, "class_exit");
 				break;
@@ -602,19 +610,6 @@ int hcl_decode (hcl_t* hcl, hcl_oow_t start, hcl_oow_t end)
 				break;
 			/* -------------------------------------------------------- */
 
-			case HCL_CODE_MAKE_CLASS:
-			{
-				hcl_oow_t b3;
-				
-				FETCH_PARAM_CODE_TO (hcl, b1);
-				FETCH_PARAM_CODE_TO (hcl, b2);
-				FETCH_PARAM_CODE_TO (hcl, b3);
-				LOG_INST_3 (hcl, "make_class %zu %zu %zu", b1, b2, b3);
-			
-				break;
-			}
-
-			/* -------------------------------------------------------- */
 			case HCL_CODE_DUP_STACKTOP:
 				LOG_INST_0 (hcl, "dup_stacktop");
 				break;
diff --git a/lib/exec.c b/lib/exec.c
index 69aaa5e..021c79a 100644
--- a/lib/exec.c
+++ b/lib/exec.c
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ static hcl_oop_process_t make_process (hcl_t* hcl, hcl_oop_context_t c)
 	stksize = hcl->option.dfl_procstk_size; /* stack */
 	exstksize = 128; /* exception stack size */ /* TODO: make it configurable */
 	clstksize = 64; /* class stack size */ /* TODO: make it configurable too */
-	
+
 	maxsize = (HCL_TYPE_MAX(hcl_ooi_t) - HCL_PROCESS_NAMED_INSTVARS) / 3;
 
 	if (stksize > maxsize) stksize = maxsize;
@@ -3306,22 +3306,58 @@ if (do_throw(hcl, hcl->_nil, fetched_instruction_pointer) <= -1)
 				if (do_throw(hcl, return_value, fetched_instruction_pointer) <= -1) goto oops;
 				break;
 			/* -------------------------------------------------------- */
+
 			case HCL_CODE_CLASS_ENTER:
+			{
+				/* push superclass
+				   push ivars
+				   push cvars
+				   class_enter nsuperclasses nivars ncvars
+				 */
+				hcl_oop_t t, sc, nivars, ncvars;
+				hcl_oow_t b3;
+				
+				FETCH_PARAM_CODE_TO (hcl, b1); /* nsuperclasses */
+				FETCH_PARAM_CODE_TO (hcl, b2); /* nivars */
+				FETCH_PARAM_CODE_TO (hcl, b3); /* ncvars */
+				
+				LOG_INST_3 (hcl, "class_enter %zu %zu %zu", b1, b2, b3);
+
+			/* TODO: get extra information from the stack according to b1, b2, b3*/
+				/* critical error if the superclass is not a class ...
+				 * critical error if ivars is not a string...
+				 * critical errro if cvars is not a string ....
+				 */
+				t = hcl_makeclass(hcl, hcl->_nil, b2, b3); // TOOD: pass variable information... 
+
+				if (HCL_UNLIKELY(!t)) 
+				{
+					supplement_errmsg (hcl, fetched_instruction_pointer);
+					goto oops;
+				}
+
+				HCL_CLSTACK_PUSH (hcl, t); /* push the class created to the class stack*/
+				break;
+			}
+
+			/*case HCL_CODE_MAKE_METHOD:
+			{
+			}*/
+
+			case HCL_CODE_CLASS_EXIT:
 			{
 				hcl_oop_t c;
 
-				/* the class_enter instruct must follow the class_make instruction... */
-				LOG_INST_0 (hcl, "class_enter");
-				c = HCL_STACK_GETTOP(hcl); /* the class object created with make_class */
-				HCL_CLSTACK_PUSH (hcl, c);
-				break;
-			}
-			
-			case HCL_CODE_CLASS_EXIT:
 				LOG_INST_0 (hcl, "class_exit");
 				/* TODO: stack underflow check? */
+			#if 0
+				HCL_CLSTACK_POP_TO (hcl, c);
+				HCL_STACK_PUSH (hcl, c);
+			#else
 				HCL_CLSTACK_POP (hcl);
+			#endif
 				break;
+			}
 			/* -------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 			case HCL_CODE_PUSH_CTXTEMPVAR_X:
@@ -3788,46 +3824,6 @@ if (do_throw(hcl, hcl->_nil, fetched_instruction_pointer) <= -1)
 			}
 
 			/* -------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-			case HCL_CODE_MAKE_CLASS:
-			{
-				/* push superclass
-				   push ivars
-				   push cvars
-				   make_classs
-				 */
-				hcl_oop_t t, sc, nivars, ncvars;
-				hcl_oow_t b3;
-				
-				FETCH_PARAM_CODE_TO (hcl, b1); /* nsuperclasses */
-				FETCH_PARAM_CODE_TO (hcl, b2); /* nivars */
-				FETCH_PARAM_CODE_TO (hcl, b3); /* ncvars */
-				
-				LOG_INST_3 (hcl, "make_class %zu %zu %zu", b1, b2, b3);
-
-			/* TODO: get extra information from the stack according to b1, b2, b3*/
-				/* critical error if the superclass is not a class ...
-				 * critical error if ivars is not a string...
-				 * critical errro if cvars is not a string ....
-				 */
-				t = hcl_makeclass(hcl, hcl->_nil, b2, b3); // TOOD: pass variable information... 
-
-				if (HCL_UNLIKELY(!t)) 
-				{
-					supplement_errmsg (hcl, fetched_instruction_pointer);
-					goto oops;
-				}
-
-				HCL_STACK_PUSH (hcl, t); /* push the class created */
-				break;
-			}
-
-			/*case HCL_CODE_MAKE_METHOD:
-			{
-			}*/
-
-			/* -------------------------------------------------------- */
-
 			case HCL_CODE_DUP_STACKTOP:
 			{
 				hcl_oop_t t;
diff --git a/lib/gc.c b/lib/gc.c
index 98ba4e8..0629070 100644
--- a/lib/gc.c
+++ b/lib/gc.c
@@ -813,7 +813,16 @@ int hcl_ignite (hcl_t* hcl, hcl_oow_t heapsize)
 		 * only accessible by VM. not exported via the global dictionary. */
 		hcl->nil_process = (hcl_oop_process_t)hcl_allocoopobj(hcl, HCL_BRAND_PROCESS, HCL_PROCESS_NAMED_INSTVARS);
 		if (HCL_UNLIKELY(!hcl->nil_process)) return -1;
+
+		/* unusable stack */
 		hcl->nil_process->sp = HCL_SMOOI_TO_OOP(-1);
+		hcl->nil_process->st = HCL_SMOOI_TO_OOP(-1);
+		/* unusable exception stack */
+		hcl->nil_process->exsp = HCL_SMOOI_TO_OOP(-1);
+		hcl->nil_process->exst = HCL_SMOOI_TO_OOP(-1);
+		/* unusable class stack */
+		hcl->nil_process->clsp = HCL_SMOOI_TO_OOP(-1);
+		hcl->nil_process->clst =  HCL_SMOOI_TO_OOP(-1);
 	}
 
 	if (!hcl->processor)
diff --git a/lib/hcl-prv.h b/lib/hcl-prv.h
index 5a4066d..c767868 100644
--- a/lib/hcl-prv.h
+++ b/lib/hcl-prv.h
@@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ enum hcl_bcode_t
 	HCL_CODE_POP_INTO_CONS_CDR        = 0xF5, /* 245 */
 	/* -------------------------------------- */
 
-	HCL_CODE_MAKE_CLASS               = 0xF6, /* 246 ## ## */
+	/* UNUSED - 0xF6 */
 	HCL_CODE_DUP_STACKTOP             = 0xF7, /* 247 */
 	HCL_CODE_POP_STACKTOP             = 0xF8, /* 248 */
 	HCL_CODE_RETURN_STACKTOP          = 0xF9, /* 249 */