diff --git a/lib/bigint.c b/lib/bigint.c
index f860df4..44ba090 100644
--- a/lib/bigint.c
+++ b/lib/bigint.c
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@
 #define IS_SIGN_DIFF(x,y) (((x) ^ (y)) < 0)
 
 /* digit character array */
-static char _digitc[] = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
+static char _digitc_upper[] = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
+static char _digitc_lower[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
 
 /* exponent table */
 static hcl_uint8_t _exp_tab[] = 
@@ -3761,6 +3762,19 @@ oops_einval:
 static hcl_oow_t oow_to_text (hcl_t* hcl, hcl_oow_t w, int radix, hcl_ooch_t* buf)
 {
 	hcl_ooch_t* ptr;
+	const char* _digitc;
+
+	if (radix < 0) 
+	{
+
+		_digitc = _digitc_lower;
+		radix = -radix;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		_digitc = _digitc_upper;
+	}
+
 	HCL_ASSERT (hcl, radix >= 2 && radix <= 36);
 
 	ptr = buf;
@@ -3955,6 +3969,18 @@ hcl_oop_t hcl_inttostr (hcl_t* hcl, hcl_oop_t num, int radix, int ngc)
 	hcl_ooch_t* xbuf = HCL_NULL;
 	hcl_oow_t xlen = 0, seglen, reqcapa;
 
+	const char* _digitc;
+	int orgradix = radix;
+
+	if (radix < 0) 
+	{
+		_digitc = _digitc_lower;
+		radix = -radix;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		_digitc = _digitc_upper;
+	}
 	HCL_ASSERT (hcl, radix >= 2 && radix <= 36);
 
 	if (!hcl_isint(hcl,num)) goto oops_einval;
@@ -3980,7 +4006,7 @@ hcl_oop_t hcl_inttostr (hcl_t* hcl, hcl_oop_t num, int radix, int ngc)
 			xbuf = hcl->inttostr.xbuf.ptr;
 		}
 
-		xlen = oow_to_text(hcl, w, radix, xbuf);
+		xlen = oow_to_text(hcl, w, orgradix, xbuf);
 		if (v < 0) xbuf[xlen++] = '-';
 
 		reverse_string (xbuf, xlen);
@@ -4144,7 +4170,7 @@ hcl_oop_t hcl_inttostr (hcl_t* hcl, hcl_oop_t num, int radix, int ngc)
 	#else
 	#	error UNSUPPORTED LIW BIT SIZE
 	#endif
-		seglen = oow_to_text (hcl, w, radix, &xbuf[xlen]);
+		seglen = oow_to_text (hcl, w, orgradix, &xbuf[xlen]);
 		xlen += seglen;
 		if (r == a) break; /* reached the last block */
 
diff --git a/lib/hcl-prv.h b/lib/hcl-prv.h
index 88429b8..589010d 100644
--- a/lib/hcl-prv.h
+++ b/lib/hcl-prv.h
@@ -1063,6 +1063,10 @@ int hcl_outfmtobj (
 	hcl_outbfmt_t outbfmt
 );
 
+int hcl_printfmt (
+	hcl_t*    hcl,
+	hcl_ooi_t nargs
+);
 
 #if defined(__cplusplus)
 }
diff --git a/lib/ignite.c b/lib/ignite.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 6d4abc7..0000000
--- a/lib/ignite.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * $Id$
- *
-    Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Chung, Hyung-Hwan. All rights reserved.
-
-    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-    are met:
-    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-
-    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR
-    IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
-    OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
-    IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
-    INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
-    NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-    DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-    THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-    (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
-    THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#include "hcl-prv.h"
-
diff --git a/lib/logfmt.c b/lib/logfmt.c
index a23ae7e..8ce2b0c 100644
--- a/lib/logfmt.c
+++ b/lib/logfmt.c
@@ -724,6 +724,9 @@ void hcl_seterrufmtv (hcl_t* hcl, hcl_errnum_t errnum, const hcl_uch_t* fmt, va_
  * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 #if 1
+
+
+#if 0
 static int put_formatted_chars (hcl_t* hcl, int mask, const hcl_ooch_t ch, hcl_oow_t len)
 {
 /* TODO: better error handling, buffering.
@@ -766,12 +769,12 @@ static int put_formatted_string (hcl_t* hcl, int mask, const hcl_ooch_t* ptr, hc
 	if (n == 0) return 0; /* eof. stop printing */
 	return 1; /* success */
 }
-
+#endif
 
 #define PRINT_OOCH(c,n) do { \
 	if (n > 0) { \
 		int xx; \
-		if ((xx = put_formatted_chars(hcl, data->mask, c, n)) <= -1) goto oops; \
+		if ((xx = put_prch(hcl, data->mask, c, n)) <= -1) goto oops; \
 		if (xx == 0) goto done; \
 		data->count += n; \
 	} \
@@ -780,7 +783,7 @@ static int put_formatted_string (hcl_t* hcl, int mask, const hcl_ooch_t* ptr, hc
 #define PRINT_OOCS(ptr,len) do { \
 	if (len > 0) { \
 		int xx; \
-		if ((xx = put_formatted_string(hcl, data->mask, ptr, len)) <= -1) goto oops; \
+		if ((xx = put_prcs(hcl, data->mask, ptr, len)) <= -1) goto oops; \
 		if (xx == 0) goto done; \
 		data->count += len; \
 	} \
@@ -789,8 +792,9 @@ static int put_formatted_string (hcl_t* hcl, int mask, const hcl_ooch_t* ptr, hc
 static HCL_INLINE int print_formatted (hcl_t* hcl, hcl_ooi_t nargs, hcl_fmtout_t* data)
 {
 	hcl_oop_char_t fmtoop;
+	hcl_ooch_t* fmt, * fmtend;
+	const hcl_ooch_t* checkpoint, * percent;
 
-	//hcl_bch_t nbuf[MAXNBUF], bch;
 	int n, base, neg, sign;
 	hcl_ooi_t tmp, width, precision;
 	hcl_ooch_t ch, padc, ooch;
@@ -798,9 +802,6 @@ static HCL_INLINE int print_formatted (hcl_t* hcl, hcl_ooi_t nargs, hcl_fmtout_t
 	hcl_uintmax_t num = 0;
 	int stop = 0;
 
-	hcl_ooch_t* fmt, * fmtend;
-	const hcl_ooch_t* checkpoint, * percent;
-
 	hcl_oop_t arg;
 	hcl_ooi_t argidx = 0;
 
@@ -833,7 +834,6 @@ static HCL_INLINE int print_formatted (hcl_t* hcl, hcl_ooi_t nargs, hcl_fmtout_t
 		neg = 0; sign = 0;
 
 		lm_flag = 0; lm_dflag = 0; flagc = 0; 
-		//sprintn = sprintn_lower;
 
 reswitch:
 		switch (ch = *fmt++) 
@@ -963,10 +963,11 @@ reswitch:
 			base = 10;
 			goto number;
 		case 'X':
-			//sprintn = sprintn_upper; /* TODO: handle this */
-		case 'x':
 			base = 16;
 			goto number;
+		case 'x':
+			base = -16;
+			goto number;
 		case 'b':
 			base = 2;
 			goto number;
@@ -979,7 +980,6 @@ reswitch:
 			/* zeropad must not take effect for 'c' */
 			if (flagc & FLAGC_ZEROPAD) padc = ' '; 
 
-			//bch = HCL_SIZEOF(hcl_bch_t) < HCL_SIZEOF(int)? va_arg(ap, int): va_arg(ap, hcl_bch_t);
 			arg = HCL_STACK_GETARG(hcl, nargs, argidx); argidx++;
 			if (!HCL_OOP_IS_CHAR(arg))
 			{
@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ reswitch:
 			arg = HCL_STACK_GETARG(hcl, nargs, argidx); argidx++;
 
 			if (HCL_OOP_IS_CHAR(arg)) arg = HCL_SMOOI_TO_OOP(HCL_OOP_TO_CHAR(arg));
-			
+
 			if (!hcl_inttostr(hcl, arg, base, -1)) 
 			{
 				hcl_seterrbfmt (hcl, HCL_EINVAL, "not a valid number - %O", arg);
@@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ reswitch:
 				PRINT_OOCH (padc, width);
 			}
 
-			//while (*nbufp) PRINT_OOCH (*nbufp--, 1); /* output actual digits */
+			/*while (*nbufp) PRINT_OOCH (*nbufp--, 1);*/ /* output actual digits */
 			PRINT_OOCS (nsptr, nslen);
 
 			if ((flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) && width > 0 && (width -= tmp) > 0)
@@ -1158,10 +1158,11 @@ oops:
 	return -1;
 }
 
-int hcl_print_formatted (hcl_t* hcl, hcl_ooi_t nargs)
+int hcl_printfmt (hcl_t* hcl, hcl_ooi_t nargs)
 {
 	hcl_fmtout_t fo;
 	HCL_MEMSET (&fo, 0, HCL_SIZEOF(fo));
-	return print_formatted (hcl, nargs, &fo);
+	return print_formatted(hcl, nargs, &fo);
 }
+
 #endif
diff --git a/lib/prim.c b/lib/prim.c
index 5228350..17caf2d 100644
--- a/lib/prim.c
+++ b/lib/prim.c
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ static hcl_pfrc_t pf_printf (hcl_t* hcl, hcl_mod_t* mod, hcl_ooi_t nargs)
 		return HCL_PF_SUCCESS;
 	}
 
-	if (hcl_print_formatted(hcl, nargs) <= -1)
+	if (hcl_printfmt(hcl, nargs) <= -1)
 	{
 		HCL_STACK_SETRETTOERRNUM (hcl, nargs);
 	}