hawk/lib/fmt.c

/*
    Copyright (c) 2006-2020 Chung, Hyung-Hwan. All rights reserved.

    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    are met:
    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR
    IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
    OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
    IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
    INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
    NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
    DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
    THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
    (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
    THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * This file contains a formatted output routine derived from kvprintf()
 * of FreeBSD. It has been heavily modified and bug-fixed.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1986, 1988, 1991, 1993
 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
 * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
 * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
 * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */


#include <hawk-fmt.h>
#include "hawk-prv.h"

#include <stdio.h> /* for snrintf(). used for floating-point number formatting */
#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || (defined(__WATCOMC__) && (__WATCOMC__ < 1200))
#	define snprintf _snprintf
#	if !defined(HAVE_SNPRINTF)
#		define HAVE_SNPRINTF
#	endif
#endif
#if defined(HAVE_QUADMATH_H)
#	include <quadmath.h> /* for quadmath_snprintf() */
#elif defined(HAVE_QUADMATH_SNPRINTF)
extern int quadmath_snprintf (const char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...);
#endif

/* Max number conversion buffer length:
 * hawk_intmax_t in base 2, plus NUL byte. */
#define MAXNBUF (HAWK_SIZEOF(hawk_intmax_t) * HAWK_BITS_PER_BYTE + 1)

enum
{
	/* integer */
	LF_C = (1 << 0),
	LF_H = (1 << 1),
	LF_J = (1 << 2),
	LF_L = (1 << 3),
	LF_Q = (1 << 4),
	LF_T = (1 << 5),
	LF_Z = (1 << 6),

	/* long double */
	LF_LD = (1 << 7),
	/* __float128 */
	LF_QD = (1 << 8),

	/* intmax or fltmax passed as a pointer - introduced to work around the issue where
	 * __float128 value is not passed properly via va_list. for example, the following clode
	 * compiled with clang -O1, -O2, -O3, etc produced a wrong value instead of 9.200000

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
void bbb (const char* fmt, va_list ap)
{
        __float128 x;
        x = va_arg(ap, __float128);
        printf ("%Lf\n", (long double)x);
}
void aaa (const char* fmt, ...)
{
        va_list ap;
        va_start (ap, fmt);
        bbb (fmt, ap);
        va_end (ap);
}
int main ()
{
        __float128 t = 9.2;
        aaa ("aaaa\n", t);
        return 0;
}


$ clang --version
clang version 7.0.1-8+deb10u2 (tags/RELEASE_701/final)
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin
$ clang -O2 -o a a.c
$ ./a
0.000000
$ clang -O0 -o a a.c
$ ./a
9.200000

	 * the same code printed a correct value without compiler optimization.
	 *
	 * passing a large value via a pointer is a safe way to work around this problem.
	 * hawk_rtx_format() and hawk_rtx_formatmbs() pass 'jj' for a floating-pointer number
	 * when built with  HAWK_USE_FLTMAX on.
	 *
	 * 'jj' is allowed for 'c' and 's' but it works like 'j' for them.
	 */
	LF_JJ = (1 << 9)
};

static struct
{
	hawk_uint16_t flag; /* for single occurrence */
	hawk_uint16_t dflag; /* for double occurrence */
} lm_tab[26] =
{
	{ 0,    0 }, /* a */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* b */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* c */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* d */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* e */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* f */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* g */
	{ LF_H, LF_C }, /* h */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* i */
	{ LF_J, LF_JJ }, /* j */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* k */
	{ LF_L, LF_Q }, /* l */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* m */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* n */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* o */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* p */
	{ LF_Q, 0 }, /* q */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* r */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* s */
	{ LF_T, 0 }, /* t */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* u */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* v */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* w */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* x */
	{ 0,    0 }, /* y */
	{ LF_Z, 0 }, /* z */
};


enum
{
	FLAGC_DOT       = (1 << 0),
	FLAGC_SPACE     = (1 << 1),
	FLAGC_SHARP     = (1 << 2),
	FLAGC_SIGN      = (1 << 3),
	FLAGC_LEFTADJ   = (1 << 4),
	FLAGC_ZEROPAD   = (1 << 5),
	FLAGC_WIDTH     = (1 << 6),
	FLAGC_PRECISION = (1 << 7),
	FLAGC_STAR1     = (1 << 8),
	FLAGC_STAR2     = (1 << 9),
	FLAGC_LENMOD    = (1 << 10) /* length modifier */
};

static const hawk_bch_t hex2ascii_lower[] =
{
	'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9',
	'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m',
	'n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z'
};

static const hawk_bch_t hex2ascii_upper[] =
{
	'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9',
	'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M',
	'N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','H','Z'
};

static hawk_uch_t uch_nullstr[] = { '(','n','u','l','l', ')','\0' };
static hawk_bch_t bch_nullstr[] = { '(','n','u','l','l', ')','\0' };

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/*define static int fmt_uintmax_to_bcstr(...)*/
#undef char_t
#undef fmt_uintmax
#define char_t hawk_bch_t
#define fmt_uintmax fmt_uintmax_to_bcstr
#include "fmt-imp.h"

/*define static int fmt_uintmax_to_ucstr(...)*/
#undef char_t
#undef fmt_uintmax
#define char_t hawk_uch_t
#define fmt_uintmax fmt_uintmax_to_ucstr
#include "fmt-imp.h"

int hawk_fmt_intmax_to_bcstr (
	hawk_bch_t* buf, int size,
	hawk_intmax_t value, int base_and_flags, int prec,
	hawk_bch_t fillchar, const hawk_bch_t* prefix)
{
	hawk_bch_t signchar;
	hawk_uintmax_t absvalue;

	if (value < 0)
	{
		signchar = '-';
		absvalue = -value;
	}
	else if (base_and_flags & HAWK_FMT_INTMAX_TO_BCSTR_PLUSSIGN)
	{
		signchar = '+';
		absvalue = value;
	}
	else if (base_and_flags & HAWK_FMT_INTMAX_TO_BCSTR_EMPTYSIGN)
	{
		signchar = ' ';
		absvalue = value;
	}
	else
	{
		signchar = '\0';
		absvalue = value;
	}

	return fmt_uintmax_to_bcstr(buf, size, absvalue, base_and_flags, prec, fillchar, signchar, prefix);
}

int hawk_fmt_uintmax_to_bcstr (
	hawk_bch_t* buf, int size,
	hawk_uintmax_t value, int base_and_flags, int prec,
	hawk_bch_t fillchar, const hawk_bch_t* prefix)
{
	hawk_bch_t signchar;

	/* determine if a sign character is needed */
	if (base_and_flags & HAWK_FMT_INTMAX_TO_BCSTR_PLUSSIGN)
	{
		signchar = '+';
	}
	else if (base_and_flags & HAWK_FMT_INTMAX_TO_BCSTR_EMPTYSIGN)
	{
		signchar = ' ';
	}
	else
	{
		signchar = '\0';
	}

	return fmt_uintmax_to_bcstr(buf, size, value, base_and_flags, prec, fillchar, signchar, prefix);
}

/* ==================== wide-char ===================================== */

int hawk_fmt_intmax_to_ucstr (
	hawk_uch_t* buf, int size,
	hawk_intmax_t value, int base_and_flags, int prec,
	hawk_uch_t fillchar, const hawk_uch_t* prefix)
{
	hawk_uch_t signchar;
	hawk_uintmax_t absvalue;

	if (value < 0)
	{
		signchar = '-';
		absvalue = -value;
	}
	else if (base_and_flags & HAWK_FMT_INTMAX_TO_UCSTR_PLUSSIGN)
	{
		signchar = '+';
		absvalue = value;
	}
	else if (base_and_flags & HAWK_FMT_INTMAX_TO_UCSTR_EMPTYSIGN)
	{
		signchar = ' ';
		absvalue = value;
	}
	else
	{
		signchar = '\0';
		absvalue = value;
	}

	return fmt_uintmax_to_ucstr(buf, size, absvalue, base_and_flags, prec, fillchar, signchar, prefix);
}

int hawk_fmt_uintmax_to_ucstr (
	hawk_uch_t* buf, int size,
	hawk_uintmax_t value, int base_and_flags, int prec,
	hawk_uch_t fillchar, const hawk_uch_t* prefix)
{
	hawk_uch_t signchar;

	/* determine if a sign character is needed */
	if (base_and_flags & HAWK_FMT_INTMAX_TO_UCSTR_PLUSSIGN)
	{
		signchar = '+';
	}
	else if (base_and_flags & HAWK_FMT_INTMAX_TO_UCSTR_EMPTYSIGN)
	{
		signchar = ' ';
	}
	else
	{
		signchar = '\0';
	}

	return fmt_uintmax_to_ucstr(buf, size, value, base_and_flags, prec, fillchar, signchar, prefix);
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*
 * Put a NUL-terminated ASCII number (base <= 36) in a buffer in reverse
 * order; return an optional length and a pointer to the last character
 * written in the buffer (i.e., the first character of the string).
 * The buffer pointed to by `nbuf' must have length >= MAXNBUF.
 */

static hawk_bch_t* sprintn_lower (hawk_bch_t* nbuf, hawk_uintmax_t num, int base, hawk_ooi_t* lenp)
{
	hawk_bch_t* p;

	p = nbuf;
	*p = '\0';
	do { *++p = hex2ascii_lower[num % base]; } while (num /= base);

	if (lenp) *lenp = p - nbuf;
	return p; /* returns the end */
}

static hawk_bch_t* sprintn_upper (hawk_bch_t* nbuf, hawk_uintmax_t num, int base, hawk_ooi_t* lenp)
{
	hawk_bch_t* p;

	p = nbuf;
	*p = '\0';
	do { *++p = hex2ascii_upper[num % base]; } while (num /= base);

	if (lenp) *lenp = p - nbuf;
	return p; /* returns the end */
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#define PUT_BCH(fmtout,c,n) do { \
	if (n > 0) { \
		hawk_oow_t _yy; \
		hawk_bch_t _cc = c; \
		for (_yy = 0; _yy < n; _yy++) \
		{ \
			int _xx; \
			if ((_xx = fmtout->putbchars(fmtout, &_cc, 1)) <= -1) goto oops; \
			if (_xx == 0) goto done; \
			fmtout->count++; \
		} \
	} \
} while (0)

#define PUT_BCS(fmtout,ptr,len) do { \
	if (len > 0) { \
		int _xx; \
		if ((_xx = fmtout->putbchars(fmtout, ptr, len)) <= -1) goto oops; \
		if (_xx == 0) goto done; \
		fmtout->count += len; \
	} \
} while (0)

#define PUT_UCH(fmtout,c,n) do { \
	if (n > 0) { \
		hawk_oow_t _yy; \
		hawk_uch_t _cc = c; \
		for (_yy = 0; _yy < n; _yy++) \
		{ \
			int _xx; \
			if ((_xx = fmtout->putuchars(fmtout, &_cc, 1)) <= -1) goto oops; \
			if (_xx == 0) goto done; \
			fmtout->count++; \
		} \
	} \
} while (0)

#define PUT_UCS(fmtout,ptr,len) do { \
	if (len > 0) { \
		int _xx; \
		if ((_xx = fmtout->putuchars(fmtout, ptr, len)) <= -1) goto oops; \
		if (_xx == 0) goto done; \
		fmtout->count += len; \
	} \
} while (0)


#if defined(HAWK_OOCH_IS_BCH)
#	define PUT_OOCH(fmtout,c,n) PUT_BCH(fmtout,c,n)
#	define PUT_OOCS(fmtout,ptr,len) PUT_BCS(fmtout,ptr,len)
#else
#	define PUT_OOCH(fmtout,c,n) PUT_UCH(fmtout,c,n)
#	define PUT_OOCS(fmtout,ptr,len) PUT_UCS(fmtout,ptr,len)
#endif

#define BYTE_PRINTABLE(x) ((x >= 'a' && x <= 'z') || (x >= 'A' &&  x <= 'Z') || (x >= '0' && x <= '9') || (x == ' '))


#define PUT_BYTE_IN_HEX(fmtout,byte,extra_flags) do { \
	hawk_bch_t __xbuf[3]; \
	hawk_byte_to_bcstr ((byte), __xbuf, HAWK_COUNTOF(__xbuf), (16 | (extra_flags)), '0'); \
	PUT_BCH(fmtout, __xbuf[0], 1); \
	PUT_BCH(fmtout, __xbuf[1], 1); \
} while (0)

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
static int fmt_outv (hawk_fmtout_t* fmtout, va_list ap)
{
	const hawk_uint8_t* fmtptr, * percent;
	int fmtchsz;

	hawk_uch_t uch;
	hawk_bch_t bch;
	hawk_ooch_t padc;

	int n, base, neg, sign;
	hawk_ooi_t tmp, width, precision;
	int lm_flag, lm_dflag, flagc, numlen;

	hawk_uintmax_t num = 0;
	hawk_bch_t nbuf[MAXNBUF];
	const hawk_bch_t* nbufp;
	int stop = 0;

	struct
	{
		struct
		{
			hawk_bch_t  sbuf[32];
			hawk_bch_t* ptr;
			hawk_oow_t  capa;
		} fmt;
		struct
		{
			hawk_bch_t  sbuf[64];
			hawk_bch_t* ptr;
			hawk_oow_t  capa;
		} out;
	} fb; /* some buffers for handling float-point number formatting */

	hawk_bch_t* (*sprintn) (hawk_bch_t* nbuf, hawk_uintmax_t num, int base, hawk_ooi_t* lenp);

	fmtptr = (const hawk_uint8_t*)fmtout->fmt_str;
	switch (fmtout->fmt_type)
	{
		case HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_BCH:
			fmtchsz = HAWK_SIZEOF_BCH_T;
			break;
		case HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_UCH:
			fmtchsz = HAWK_SIZEOF_UCH_T;
			break;
	}

	/* this is an internal function. it doesn't reset count to 0 */
	/* fmtout->count = 0; */

	fb.fmt.ptr = fb.fmt.sbuf;
	fb.fmt.capa = HAWK_COUNTOF(fb.fmt.sbuf) - 1;
	fb.out.ptr = fb.out.sbuf;
	fb.out.capa = HAWK_COUNTOF(fb.out.sbuf) - 1;

	while (1)
	{
	#if defined(HAVE_LABELS_AS_VALUES)
		static void* before_percent_tab[] = { &&before_percent_bch, &&before_percent_uch };
		goto *before_percent_tab[fmtout->fmt_type];
	#else
		switch (fmtout->fmt_type)
		{
			case HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_BCH:
				goto before_percent_bch;
			case HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_UCH:
				goto before_percent_uch;
		}
	#endif

	before_percent_bch:
		{
			const hawk_bch_t* start, * end;
			start = end = (const hawk_bch_t*)fmtptr;
			while ((bch = *end++) != '%' || stop)
			{
				if (bch == '\0')
				{
					PUT_BCS (fmtout, start, end - start - 1);
					goto done;
				}
			}
			PUT_BCS (fmtout, start, end - start - 1);
			fmtptr = (const hawk_uint8_t*)end;
			percent = (const hawk_uint8_t*)(end - 1);
		}
		goto handle_percent;

	before_percent_uch:
		{
			const hawk_uch_t* start, * end;
			start = end = (const hawk_uch_t*)fmtptr;
			while ((uch = *end++) != '%' || stop)
			{
				if (uch == '\0')
				{
					PUT_UCS (fmtout, start, end - start - 1);
					goto done;
				}
			}
			PUT_UCS (fmtout, start, end - start - 1);
			fmtptr = (const hawk_uint8_t*)end;
			percent = (const hawk_uint8_t*)(end - 1);
		}
		goto handle_percent;

	handle_percent:
		padc = ' ';
		width = 0; precision = 0; neg = 0; sign = 0;
		lm_flag = 0; lm_dflag = 0; flagc = 0;
		sprintn = sprintn_lower;

	reswitch:
		/* store the formatting character in uch regardless of the
		 * requested character type. */
		switch (fmtout->fmt_type)
		{
			case HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_BCH:
				uch = *(const hawk_bch_t*)fmtptr;
				break;
			case HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_UCH:
				uch = *(const hawk_uch_t*)fmtptr;
				break;
		}
		fmtptr += fmtchsz;

		switch (uch)
		{
		case '%': /* %% */
			bch = uch;
			goto print_lowercase_c;

		/* flag characters */
		case '.':
			if (flagc & FLAGC_DOT) goto invalid_format;
			flagc |= FLAGC_DOT;
			goto reswitch;

		case '#':
			if (flagc & (FLAGC_WIDTH | FLAGC_DOT | FLAGC_LENMOD)) goto invalid_format;
			flagc |= FLAGC_SHARP;
			goto reswitch;

		case ' ':
			if (flagc & (FLAGC_WIDTH | FLAGC_DOT | FLAGC_LENMOD)) goto invalid_format;
			flagc |= FLAGC_SPACE;
			goto reswitch;

		case '+': /* place sign for signed conversion */
			if (flagc & (FLAGC_WIDTH | FLAGC_DOT | FLAGC_LENMOD)) goto invalid_format;
			flagc |= FLAGC_SIGN;
			goto reswitch;

		case '-': /* left adjusted */
			if (flagc & (FLAGC_WIDTH | FLAGC_DOT | FLAGC_LENMOD)) goto invalid_format;
			if (flagc & FLAGC_DOT)
			{
				goto invalid_format;
			}
			else
			{
				flagc |= FLAGC_LEFTADJ;
				if (flagc & FLAGC_ZEROPAD)
				{
					padc = ' ';
					flagc &= ~FLAGC_ZEROPAD;
				}
			}

			goto reswitch;

		case '*': /* take the length from the parameter */
			if (flagc & FLAGC_DOT)
			{
				if (flagc & (FLAGC_STAR2 | FLAGC_PRECISION)) goto invalid_format;
				flagc |= FLAGC_STAR2;

				precision = va_arg(ap, hawk_ooi_t); /* this deviates from the standard printf that accepts 'int' */
				if (precision < 0)
				{
					/* if precision is less than 0,
					 * treat it as if no .precision is specified */
					flagc &= ~FLAGC_DOT;
					precision = 0;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				if (flagc & (FLAGC_STAR1 | FLAGC_WIDTH)) goto invalid_format;
				flagc |= FLAGC_STAR1;

				width = va_arg(ap, hawk_ooi_t); /* it deviates from the standard printf that accepts 'int' */
				if (width < 0)
				{
					/*
					if (flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ)
						flagc  &= ~FLAGC_LEFTADJ;
					else
					*/
						flagc |= FLAGC_LEFTADJ;
					width = -width;
				}
			}
			goto reswitch;

		case '0': /* zero pad */
			if (flagc & FLAGC_LENMOD) goto invalid_format;
			if (!(flagc & (FLAGC_DOT | FLAGC_LEFTADJ)))
			{
				padc = '0';
				flagc |= FLAGC_ZEROPAD;
				goto reswitch;
			}
		/* end of flags characters */

		case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
		{
			if (flagc & FLAGC_LENMOD) goto invalid_format;
			for (n = 0; ; fmtptr += fmtchsz)
			{
				n = n * 10 + uch - '0';
				switch (fmtout->fmt_type)
				{
					case HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_BCH:
						uch = *(const hawk_bch_t*)fmtptr;
						break;
					case HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_UCH:
						uch = *(const hawk_uch_t*)fmtptr;
						break;
				}
				if (uch < '0' || uch > '9') break;
			}
			if (flagc & FLAGC_DOT)
			{
				if (flagc & FLAGC_STAR2) goto invalid_format;
				precision = n;
				flagc |= FLAGC_PRECISION;
			}
			else
			{
				if (flagc & FLAGC_STAR1) goto invalid_format;
				width = n;
				flagc |= FLAGC_WIDTH;
			}
			goto reswitch;
		}

		/* length modifiers */
		case 'h': /* short int */
		case 'l': /* long int */
		case 'q': /* long long int */
		case 'j': /* hawk_intmax_t/hawk_uintmax_t */
		case 'z': /* hawk_ooi_t/hawk_oow_t */
		case 't': /* ptrdiff_t - usually hawk_intptr_t */
			if (lm_flag & (LF_LD | LF_QD)) goto invalid_format;

			flagc |= FLAGC_LENMOD;
			if (lm_dflag)
			{
				/* error */
				goto invalid_format;
			}
			else if (lm_flag)
			{
				if (lm_tab[uch - 'a'].dflag && lm_flag == lm_tab[uch - 'a'].flag)
				{
					lm_flag &= ~lm_tab[uch - 'a'].flag;
					lm_flag |= lm_tab[uch - 'a'].dflag;
					lm_dflag |= lm_flag;
					goto reswitch;
				}
				else
				{
					/* error */
					goto invalid_format;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				lm_flag |= lm_tab[uch - 'a'].flag;
				goto reswitch;
			}
			break;

		case 'L': /* long double */
			if (flagc & FLAGC_LENMOD)
			{
				/* conflict with other length modifier */
				goto invalid_format;
			}
			flagc |= FLAGC_LENMOD;
			lm_flag |= LF_LD;
			goto reswitch;

		case 'Q': /* __float128 */
			if (flagc & FLAGC_LENMOD)
			{
				/* conflict with other length modifier */
				goto invalid_format;
			}
			flagc |= FLAGC_LENMOD;
			lm_flag |= LF_QD;
			goto reswitch;
		/* end of length modifiers */

		case 'n': /* number of characters printed so far */
			if (lm_flag & (LF_J | LF_JJ)) /* j, jj */
				*(va_arg(ap, hawk_intmax_t*)) = fmtout->count;
			else if (lm_flag & LF_Z) /* z */
				*(va_arg(ap, hawk_ooi_t*)) = fmtout->count;
		#if (HAWK_SIZEOF_LONG_LONG > 0)
			else if (lm_flag & LF_Q) /* ll */
				*(va_arg(ap, long long int*)) = fmtout->count;
		#endif
			else if (lm_flag & LF_L) /* l */
				*(va_arg(ap, long int*)) = fmtout->count;
			else if (lm_flag & LF_H) /* h */
				*(va_arg(ap, short int*)) = fmtout->count;
			else if (lm_flag & LF_C) /* hh */
				*(va_arg(ap, char*)) = fmtout->count;
			else if (flagc & FLAGC_LENMOD)
				goto invalid_format;
			else
				*(va_arg(ap, int*)) = fmtout->count;
			break;

		/* signed integer conversions */
		case 'd':
		case 'i': /* signed conversion */
			base = 10;
			sign = 1;
			goto handle_sign;
		/* end of signed integer conversions */

		/* unsigned integer conversions */
		case 'o':
			base = 8;
			goto handle_nosign;
		case 'u':
			base = 10;
			goto handle_nosign;
		case 'X':
			sprintn = sprintn_upper;
		case 'x':
			base = 16;
			goto handle_nosign;
		case 'b':
			base = 2;
			goto handle_nosign;
		/* end of unsigned integer conversions */

		case 'p': /* pointer */
			base = 16;

			if (width == 0) flagc |= FLAGC_SHARP;
			else flagc &= ~FLAGC_SHARP;

			num = (hawk_uintptr_t)va_arg(ap, void*);
			goto number;

		case 'c':
		{
			/* zeropad must not take effect for 'c' */
			if (flagc & FLAGC_ZEROPAD) padc = ' ';
			if (lm_flag & LF_L) goto uppercase_c;
		#if defined(HAWK_OOCH_IS_UCH)
			if (lm_flag & (LF_J | LF_JJ)) goto uppercase_c;
		#endif
		lowercase_c:
			bch = HAWK_SIZEOF(hawk_bch_t) < HAWK_SIZEOF(int)? va_arg(ap, int): va_arg(ap, hawk_bch_t);

		print_lowercase_c:
			/* precision 0 doesn't kill the letter */
			width--;
			if (!(flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) && width > 0) PUT_BCH (fmtout, padc, width);
			PUT_BCH (fmtout, bch, 1);
			if ((flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) && width > 0) PUT_BCH (fmtout, padc, width);
			break;
		}

		case 'C':
		{
			/* zeropad must not take effect for 'C' */
			if (flagc & FLAGC_ZEROPAD) padc = ' ';
			if (lm_flag & LF_H) goto lowercase_c;
		#if defined(HAWK_OOCH_IS_BCH)
			if (lm_flag & (LF_J | LF_JJ)) goto lowercase_c;
		#endif
		uppercase_c:
			uch = HAWK_SIZEOF(hawk_uch_t) < HAWK_SIZEOF(int)? va_arg(ap, int): va_arg(ap, hawk_uch_t);

			/* precision 0 doesn't kill the letter */
			width--;
			if (!(flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) && width > 0) PUT_UCH (fmtout, padc, width);
			PUT_UCH (fmtout, uch, 1);
			if ((flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) && width > 0) PUT_UCH (fmtout, padc, width);
			break;
		}

		case 's':
		{
			const hawk_bch_t* bsp;

			/* zeropad must not take effect for 'S' */
			if (flagc & FLAGC_ZEROPAD) padc = ' ';
			if (lm_flag & LF_L) goto uppercase_s;
		#if defined(HAWK_OOCH_IS_UCH)
			if (lm_flag & (LF_J | LF_JJ)) goto uppercase_s;
		#endif
		lowercase_s:
			bsp = va_arg(ap, hawk_bch_t*);
			if (!bsp) bsp = bch_nullstr;

			n = 0;
			if (flagc & FLAGC_DOT)
			{
				while (n < precision && bsp[n]) n++;
			}
			else
			{
				while (bsp[n]) n++;
			}

			width -= n;

			if (!(flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) && width > 0) PUT_BCH (fmtout, padc, width);
			PUT_BCS (fmtout, bsp, n);
			if ((flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) && width > 0) PUT_BCH (fmtout, padc, width);
			break;
		}

		case 'S':
		{
			const hawk_uch_t* usp;

			/* zeropad must not take effect for 's' */
			if (flagc & FLAGC_ZEROPAD) padc = ' ';
			if (lm_flag & LF_H) goto lowercase_s;
		#if defined(HAWK_OOCH_IS_BCH)
			if (lm_flag & (LF_J | LF_JJ)) goto lowercase_s;
		#endif
		uppercase_s:
			usp = va_arg(ap, hawk_uch_t*);
			if (!usp) usp = uch_nullstr;

			n = 0;
			if (flagc & FLAGC_DOT)
			{
				while (n < precision && usp[n]) n++;
			}
			else
			{
				while (usp[n]) n++;
			}

			width -= n;

			if (!(flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) && width > 0) PUT_UCH (fmtout, padc, width);
			PUT_UCS (fmtout, usp, n);
			if ((flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) && width > 0) PUT_UCH (fmtout, padc, width);

			break;
		}

		case 'k':
		case 'K':
		{
			/* byte or multibyte character string in escape sequence */
			const hawk_uint8_t* bsp;
			hawk_oow_t k_hex_width;

			/* zeropad must not take effect for 'k' and 'K'
			 *
 			 * 'h' & 'l' is not used to differentiate hawk_bch_t and hawk_uch_t
			 * because 'k' means hawk_byte_t.
			 * 'l', results in uppercase hexadecimal letters.
			 * 'h' drops the leading \x in the output
			 * --------------------------------------------------------
			 * hk -> \x + non-printable in lowercase hex
			 * k -> all in lowercase hex
			 * lk -> \x +  all in lowercase hex
			 * --------------------------------------------------------
			 * hK -> \x + non-printable in uppercase hex
			 * K -> all in uppercase hex
			 * lK -> \x +  all in uppercase hex
			 * --------------------------------------------------------
			 * with 'k' or 'K', i don't substitute "(null)" for the NULL pointer
			 */
			if (flagc & FLAGC_ZEROPAD) padc = ' ';

			bsp = va_arg(ap, hawk_uint8_t*);
			k_hex_width = (lm_flag & (LF_H | LF_L))? 4: 2;

			if (lm_flag& LF_H)
			{
				if (flagc & FLAGC_DOT)
				{
					/* if precision is specifed, it doesn't stop at the value of zero unlike 's' or 'S' */
					for (n = 0; n < precision; n++) width -= BYTE_PRINTABLE(bsp[n])? 1: k_hex_width;
				}
				else
				{
					for (n = 0; bsp[n]; n++) width -= BYTE_PRINTABLE(bsp[n])? 1: k_hex_width;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				if (flagc & FLAGC_DOT)
				{
					/* if precision is specifed, it doesn't stop at the value of zero unlike 's' or 'S' */
					n = precision;
				}
				else
				{
					for (n = 0; bsp[n]; n++) /* nothing */;
				}
				width -= (n * k_hex_width);
			}

			if (!(flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) && width > 0) PUT_OOCH (fmtout, padc, width);

			while (n--)
			{
				if ((lm_flag & LF_H) && BYTE_PRINTABLE(*bsp))
				{
					PUT_BCH (fmtout, *bsp, 1);
				}
				else
				{
					hawk_bch_t xbuf[3];
					hawk_byte_to_bcstr (*bsp, xbuf, HAWK_COUNTOF(xbuf), (16 | (uch == 'k'? HAWK_BYTE_TO_BCSTR_LOWERCASE: 0)), '0');
					if (lm_flag & (LF_H | LF_L)) PUT_BCS (fmtout, "\\x", 2);
					PUT_BCS (fmtout, xbuf, 2);
				}
				bsp++;
			}

			if ((flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) && width > 0) PUT_OOCH (fmtout, padc, width);
			break;
		}

		case 'w':
		case 'W':
		{
			/* unicode string in unicode escape sequence.
			 *
			 * hw -> \uXXXX, \UXXXXXXXX, printable-byte(only in ascii range)
			 * w -> \uXXXX, \UXXXXXXXX
			 * lw -> all in \UXXXXXXXX
			 */
			const hawk_uch_t* usp;
			hawk_oow_t uwid;

			if (flagc & FLAGC_ZEROPAD) padc = ' ';
			usp = va_arg(ap, hawk_uch_t*);

			if (flagc & FLAGC_DOT)
			{
				/* if precision is specifed, it doesn't stop at the value of zero unlike 's' or 'S' */
				for (n = 0; n < precision; n++)
				{
					if ((lm_flag & LF_H) && BYTE_PRINTABLE(usp[n])) uwid = 1;
					else if (!(lm_flag & LF_L) && usp[n] <= 0xFFFF) uwid = 6;
					else uwid = 10;
					width -= uwid;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				for (n = 0; usp[n]; n++)
				{
					if ((lm_flag & LF_H) && BYTE_PRINTABLE(usp[n])) uwid = 1;
					else if (!(lm_flag & LF_L) && usp[n] <= 0xFFFF) uwid = 6;
					else uwid = 10;
					width -= uwid;
				}
			}

			if (!(flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) && width > 0) PUT_OOCH (fmtout, padc, width);

			while (n--)
			{
				if ((lm_flag & LF_H) && BYTE_PRINTABLE(*usp))
				{
					PUT_OOCH(fmtout, *usp, 1);
				}
				else if (!(lm_flag & LF_L) && *usp <= 0xFFFF)
				{
					hawk_uint16_t u16 = *usp;
					int extra_flags = ((uch) == 'w'? HAWK_BYTE_TO_BCSTR_LOWERCASE: 0);
					PUT_BCS(fmtout, "\\u", 2);
					PUT_BYTE_IN_HEX(fmtout, (u16 >> 8) & 0xFF, extra_flags);
					PUT_BYTE_IN_HEX(fmtout, u16 & 0xFF, extra_flags);
				}
				else
				{
					hawk_uint32_t u32 = *usp;
					int extra_flags = ((uch) == 'w'? HAWK_BYTE_TO_BCSTR_LOWERCASE: 0);
					PUT_BCS(fmtout, "\\u", 2);
					PUT_BYTE_IN_HEX(fmtout, (u32 >> 24) & 0xFF, extra_flags);
					PUT_BYTE_IN_HEX(fmtout, (u32 >> 16) & 0xFF, extra_flags);
					PUT_BYTE_IN_HEX(fmtout, (u32 >> 8) & 0xFF, extra_flags);
					PUT_BYTE_IN_HEX(fmtout, u32 & 0xFF, extra_flags);
				}
				usp++;
			}

			if ((flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) && width > 0) PUT_OOCH (fmtout, padc, width);
			break;
		}

		case 'O': /* object - ignore precision, width, adjustment */
			/* NOTE: currently, there is no hawk_fmtout_t value that fills the putobj field. */
			/*       it's kind of reserved for future implementation */
			if (!fmtout->putobj) goto invalid_format;
			if (fmtout->putobj(fmtout, va_arg(ap, hawk_val_t*)) <= -1) goto oops;
			break;

		case 'e':
		case 'E':
		case 'f':
		case 'F':
		case 'g':
		case 'G':
		/*
		case 'a':
		case 'A':
		*/
		{
			/* let me rely on snprintf until i implement float-point to string conversion */
			int q;
			hawk_oow_t fmtlen;
			union
			{
			#if (HAWK_SIZEOF___FLOAT128 > 0) && defined(HAVE_QUADMATH_SNPRINTF)
				__float128 qd;
			#endif
				long double ld;
				double d;
			} v;
			int dtype = 0;
			hawk_oow_t newcapa;
			hawk_bch_t* bsp;

			if (lm_flag & LF_J)
			{
			#if (HAWK_SIZEOF___FLOAT128 > 0) && defined(HAVE_QUADMATH_SNPRINTF) && (HAWK_SIZEOF_FLTMAX_T == HAWK_SIZEOF___FLOAT128)
				v.qd = va_arg(ap, hawk_fltmax_t);
				dtype = LF_QD;
			#elif HAWK_SIZEOF_FLTMAX_T == HAWK_SIZEOF_DOUBLE
				v.d = va_arg(ap, hawk_fltmax_t);
			#elif HAWK_SIZEOF_FLTMAX_T == HAWK_SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE
				v.ld = va_arg(ap, hawk_fltmax_t);
				dtype = LF_LD;
			#else
				#error Unsupported hawk_flt_t
			#endif
			}
			else if (lm_flag & LF_JJ)
			{
			#if (HAWK_SIZEOF___FLOAT128 > 0) && defined(HAVE_QUADMATH_SNPRINTF) && (HAWK_SIZEOF_FLTMAX_T == HAWK_SIZEOF___FLOAT128)
				v.qd = *(hawk_fltmax_t*)va_arg(ap, hawk_fltmax_t*);
				dtype = LF_QD;
			#elif HAWK_SIZEOF_FLTMAX_T == HAWK_SIZEOF_DOUBLE
				v.d = *(hawk_fltmax_t*)va_arg(ap, hawk_fltmax_t*);
			#elif HAWK_SIZEOF_FLTMAX_T == HAWK_SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE
				v.ld = *(hawk_fltmax_t*)va_arg(ap, hawk_fltmax_t*);
				dtype = LF_LD;
			#else
				#error Unsupported hawk_fltmax_t
			#endif
			}
			else if (lm_flag & LF_Z)
			{
				/* limited to double or long double. use hawk_fltbas_t */

				/* precedence goes to double if sizeof(double) == sizeof(long double)
				 * for example, %Lf didn't work on some old platforms.
				 * so i prefer the format specifier with no modifier.
				 */
			#if HAWK_SIZEOF_FLTBAS_T == HAWK_SIZEOF_DOUBLE
				v.d = va_arg(ap, hawk_fltbas_t);
			#elif HAWK_SIZEOF_FLTBAS_T == HAWK_SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE
				v.ld = va_arg(ap, hawk_fltbas_t);
				dtype = LF_LD;
			#else
				#error Unsupported hawk_fltbas_t
			#endif
			}
			else if (lm_flag & (LF_LD | LF_L))
			{
				v.ld = va_arg(ap, long double);
				dtype = LF_LD;
			}
		#if (HAWK_SIZEOF___FLOAT128 > 0) && defined(HAVE_QUADMATH_SNPRINTF)
			else if (lm_flag & (LF_QD | LF_Q))
			{
				v.qd = va_arg(ap, __float128);
				dtype = LF_QD;
			}
		#endif
			else if (flagc & FLAGC_LENMOD)
			{
				goto invalid_format;
			}
			else
			{
				v.d = va_arg(ap, double);
			}

			fmtlen = fmtptr - percent;
			if (fmtlen > fb.fmt.capa)
			{
				if (fb.fmt.ptr == fb.fmt.sbuf)
				{
					fb.fmt.ptr = (hawk_bch_t*)HAWK_MMGR_ALLOC(fmtout->mmgr, HAWK_SIZEOF(*fb.fmt.ptr) * (fmtlen + 1));
					if (!fb.fmt.ptr) goto oops;
				}
				else
				{
					hawk_bch_t* tmpptr;

					tmpptr = (hawk_bch_t*)HAWK_MMGR_REALLOC(fmtout->mmgr, fb.fmt.ptr, HAWK_SIZEOF(*fb.fmt.ptr) * (fmtlen + 1));
					if (!tmpptr) goto oops;
					fb.fmt.ptr = tmpptr;
				}

				fb.fmt.capa = fmtlen;
			}

			/* compose back the format specifier */
			fmtlen = 0;
			fb.fmt.ptr[fmtlen++] = '%';
			if (flagc & FLAGC_SPACE) fb.fmt.ptr[fmtlen++] = ' ';
			if (flagc & FLAGC_SHARP) fb.fmt.ptr[fmtlen++] = '#';
			if (flagc & FLAGC_SIGN) fb.fmt.ptr[fmtlen++] = '+';
			if (flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) fb.fmt.ptr[fmtlen++] = '-';
			if (flagc & FLAGC_ZEROPAD) fb.fmt.ptr[fmtlen++] = '0';

			if (flagc & FLAGC_STAR1) fb.fmt.ptr[fmtlen++] = '*';
			else if (flagc & FLAGC_WIDTH)
			{
				fmtlen += hawk_fmt_uintmax_to_bcstr(
					&fb.fmt.ptr[fmtlen], fb.fmt.capa - fmtlen,
					width, 10, -1, '\0', HAWK_NULL);
			}
			if (flagc & FLAGC_DOT) fb.fmt.ptr[fmtlen++] = '.';
			if (flagc & FLAGC_STAR2) fb.fmt.ptr[fmtlen++] = '*';
			else if (flagc & FLAGC_PRECISION)
			{
				fmtlen += hawk_fmt_uintmax_to_bcstr(
					&fb.fmt.ptr[fmtlen], fb.fmt.capa - fmtlen,
					precision, 10, -1, '\0', HAWK_NULL);
			}

			if (dtype == LF_LD)
				fb.fmt.ptr[fmtlen++] = 'L';
		#if (HAWK_SIZEOF___FLOAT128 > 0)
			else if (dtype == LF_QD)
				fb.fmt.ptr[fmtlen++] = 'Q';
		#endif

			fb.fmt.ptr[fmtlen++] = uch;
			fb.fmt.ptr[fmtlen] = '\0';

		#if defined(HAVE_SNPRINTF)
			/* nothing special here */
		#else
			/* best effort to avoid buffer overflow when no snprintf is available.
			 * i really can't do much if it happens. */
			newcapa = precision + width + 32;
			if (fltout->capa < newcapa)
			{
				HAWK_ASSERT(hawk, fltout->ptr == fltout->buf);

				fltout->ptr = HAWK_MMGR_ALLOC(fmtout->mmgr, HAWK_SIZEOF(char_t) * (newcapa + 1));
				if (!fltout->ptr) goto oops;
				fltout->capa = newcapa;
			}
		#endif

			while (1)
			{
				if (dtype == LF_LD)
				{
				#if defined(HAVE_SNPRINTF)
					q = snprintf((hawk_bch_t*)fb.out.ptr, fb.out.capa + 1, fb.fmt.ptr, v.ld);
				#else
					q = sprintf((hawk_bch_t*)fb.out.ptr, fb.fmt.ptr, v.ld);
				#endif
				}
			#if (HAWK_SIZEOF___FLOAT128 > 0) && defined(HAVE_QUADMATH_SNPRINTF)
				else if (dtype == LF_QD)
				{
					q = quadmath_snprintf((hawk_bch_t*)fb.out.ptr, fb.out.capa + 1, fb.fmt.ptr, v.qd);
				}
			#endif
				else
				{
				#if defined(HAVE_SNPRINTF)
					q = snprintf((hawk_bch_t*)fb.out.ptr, fb.out.capa + 1, fb.fmt.ptr, v.d);
				#else
					q = sprintf((hawk_bch_t*)fb.out.ptr, fb.fmt.ptr, v.d);
				#endif
				}
				if (q <= -1) goto oops;
				if (q <= fb.out.capa) break;

				newcapa = fb.out.capa * 2;
				if (newcapa < q) newcapa = q;

				if (fb.out.ptr == fb.out.sbuf)
				{
					fb.out.ptr = (hawk_bch_t*)HAWK_MMGR_ALLOC(fmtout->mmgr, HAWK_SIZEOF(char_t) * (newcapa + 1));
					if (!fb.out.ptr) goto oops;
				}
				else
				{
					hawk_bch_t* tmpptr;
					tmpptr = (hawk_bch_t*)HAWK_MMGR_REALLOC(fmtout->mmgr, fb.out.ptr, HAWK_SIZEOF(char_t) * (newcapa + 1));
					if (!tmpptr) goto oops;
					fb.out.ptr = tmpptr;
				}
				fb.out.capa = newcapa;
			}

			if (HAWK_SIZEOF(char_t) != HAWK_SIZEOF(hawk_bch_t))
			{
				fb.out.ptr[q] = '\0';
				while (q > 0)
				{
					q--;
					fb.out.ptr[q] = ((hawk_bch_t*)fb.out.ptr)[q];
				}
			}

			bsp = fb.out.ptr;
			n = 0; while (bsp[n] != '\0') n++;
			PUT_BCS (fmtout, bsp, n);
			break;
		}
		handle_nosign:
			sign = 0;
			if (lm_flag & LF_J)
			{
			#if 0 && defined(__GNUC__) && \
			    (HAWK_SIZEOF_UINTMAX_T > HAWK_SIZEOF_OOW_T) && \
			    (HAWK_SIZEOF_UINTMAX_T != HAWK_SIZEOF_LONG_LONG) && \
			    (HAWK_SIZEOF_UINTMAX_T != HAWK_SIZEOF_LONG)
				/* GCC-compiled binaries crashed when getting hawk_uintmax_t with va_arg.
				 * This is just a work-around for it */
				int i;
				for (i = 0, num = 0; i < HAWK_SIZEOF(hawk_uintmax_t) / HAWK_SIZEOF(hawk_oow_t); i++)
				{
				#if defined(HAWK_ENDIAN_BIG)
					num = num << (8 * HAWK_SIZEOF(hawk_oow_t)) | (va_arg(ap, hawk_oow_t));
				#else
					register int shift = i * HAWK_SIZEOF(hawk_oow_t);
					hawk_oow_t x = va_arg(ap, hawk_oow_t);
					num |= (hawk_uintmax_t)x << (shift * HAWK_BITS_PER_BYTE);
				#endif
				}
			#else
				num = va_arg(ap, hawk_uintmax_t);
			#endif
			}
			else if (lm_flag & LF_JJ)
			{
				num = *(hawk_uintmax_t*)va_arg(ap, hawk_uintmax_t*);
			}
			else if (lm_flag & LF_T)
				num = va_arg(ap, hawk_intptr_t/*hawk_ptrdiff_t*/);
			else if (lm_flag & LF_Z)
				num = va_arg(ap, hawk_oow_t);
			#if (HAWK_SIZEOF_LONG_LONG > 0)
			else if (lm_flag & LF_Q)
				num = va_arg(ap, unsigned long long int);
			#endif
			else if (lm_flag & (LF_L | LF_LD))
				num = va_arg(ap, unsigned long int);
			else if (lm_flag & LF_H)
				num = (unsigned short int)va_arg(ap, int);
			else if (lm_flag & LF_C)
				num = (unsigned char)va_arg(ap, int);
			else
				num = va_arg(ap, unsigned int);
			goto number;

		handle_sign:
			if (lm_flag & LF_J)
			{
			#if 0 && defined(__GNUC__) && \
			    (HAWK_SIZEOF_INTMAX_T > HAWK_SIZEOF_OOI_T) && \
			    (HAWK_SIZEOF_UINTMAX_T != HAWK_SIZEOF_LONG_LONG) && \
			    (HAWK_SIZEOF_UINTMAX_T != HAWK_SIZEOF_LONG)
				/* GCC-compiled binraries crashed when getting hawk_uintmax_t with va_arg.
				 * This is just a work-around for it */
				int i;
				for (i = 0, num = 0; i < HAWK_SIZEOF(hawk_intmax_t) / HAWK_SIZEOF(hawk_oow_t); i++)
				{
				#if defined(HAWK_ENDIAN_BIG)
					num = num << (8 * HAWK_SIZEOF(hawk_oow_t)) | (va_arg(ap, hawk_oow_t));
				#else
					register int shift = i * HAWK_SIZEOF(hawk_oow_t);
					hawk_oow_t x = va_arg(ap, hawk_oow_t);
					num |= (hawk_uintmax_t)x << (shift * HAWK_BITS_PER_BYTE);
				#endif
				}
			#else
				num = va_arg(ap, hawk_intmax_t);
			#endif
			}
			else if (lm_flag & LF_JJ)
				num = *(hawk_intmax_t*)va_arg(ap, hawk_intmax_t*);

			else if (lm_flag & LF_T)
				num = va_arg(ap, hawk_intptr_t/*hawk_ptrdiff_t*/);
			else if (lm_flag & LF_Z)
				num = va_arg(ap, hawk_ooi_t);
			#if (HAWK_SIZEOF_LONG_LONG > 0)
			else if (lm_flag & LF_Q)
				num = va_arg(ap, long long int);
			#endif
			else if (lm_flag & (LF_L | LF_LD))
				num = va_arg(ap, long int);
			else if (lm_flag & LF_H)
				num = (short int)va_arg(ap, int);
			else if (lm_flag & LF_C)
				num = (char)va_arg(ap, int);
			else
				num = va_arg(ap, int);

		number:
			if (sign && (hawk_intmax_t)num < 0)
			{
				neg = 1;
				num = -(hawk_intmax_t)num;
			}

			nbufp = sprintn(nbuf, num, base, &tmp);
			if ((flagc & FLAGC_SHARP) && num != 0)
			{
				if (base == 2 || base == 16) tmp += 2; /* 0b 0x */
				else if (tmp == 8) tmp += 1; /* 0 */
			}
			if (neg) tmp++;
			else if (flagc & FLAGC_SIGN) tmp++;
			else if (flagc & FLAGC_SPACE) tmp++;

			numlen = (int)((const hawk_bch_t*)nbufp - (const hawk_bch_t*)nbuf);
			if ((flagc & FLAGC_DOT) && precision > numlen)
			{
				/* extra zeros for precision specified */
				tmp += (precision - numlen);
			}

			if (!(flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) && !(flagc & FLAGC_ZEROPAD) && width > 0 && (width -= tmp) > 0)
			{
				PUT_OOCH (fmtout, padc, width);
				width = 0;
			}

			if (neg) PUT_OOCH (fmtout, '-', 1);
			else if (flagc & FLAGC_SIGN) PUT_OOCH (fmtout, '+', 1);
			else if (flagc & FLAGC_SPACE) PUT_OOCH (fmtout, ' ', 1);

			if ((flagc & FLAGC_SHARP) && num != 0)
			{
				if (base == 2)
				{
					PUT_OOCH (fmtout, '0', 1);
					PUT_OOCH (fmtout, 'b', 1);
				}
				else if (base ==  8)
				{
					PUT_OOCH (fmtout, '0', 1);
				}
				else if (base == 16)
				{
					PUT_OOCH (fmtout, '0', 1);
					PUT_OOCH (fmtout, 'x', 1);
				}
			}

			if ((flagc & FLAGC_DOT) && precision > numlen)
			{
				/* extra zeros for precision specified */
				PUT_OOCH (fmtout, '0', precision - numlen);
			}

			if (!(flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) && width > 0 && (width -= tmp) > 0)
			{
				PUT_OOCH (fmtout, padc, width);
			}

			while (*nbufp) PUT_OOCH (fmtout, *nbufp--, 1); /* output actual digits */

			if ((flagc & FLAGC_LEFTADJ) && width > 0 && (width -= tmp) > 0)
			{
				PUT_OOCH (fmtout, padc, width);
			}
			break;

		invalid_format:
			switch (fmtout->fmt_type)
			{
				case HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_BCH:
					PUT_BCS (fmtout, (const hawk_bch_t*)percent, (fmtptr - percent) / fmtchsz);
					break;
				case HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_UCH:
					PUT_UCS (fmtout, (const hawk_uch_t*)percent, (fmtptr - percent) / fmtchsz);
					break;
			}
			break;

		default:
			switch (fmtout->fmt_type)
			{
				case HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_BCH:
					PUT_BCS (fmtout, (const hawk_bch_t*)percent, (fmtptr - percent) / fmtchsz);
					break;
				case HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_UCH:
					PUT_UCS (fmtout, (const hawk_uch_t*)percent, (fmtptr - percent) / fmtchsz);
					break;
			}
			/*
			 * Since we ignore an formatting argument it is no
			 * longer safe to obey the remaining formatting
			 * arguments as the arguments will no longer match
			 * the format specs.
			 */
			stop = 1;
			break;
		}
	}

done:
	if (fb.fmt.ptr != fb.fmt.sbuf) HAWK_MMGR_FREE (fmtout->mmgr, fb.fmt.ptr);
	if (fb.out.ptr != fb.out.sbuf) HAWK_MMGR_FREE (fmtout->mmgr, fb.out.ptr);
	return 0;

oops:
	if (fb.fmt.ptr != fb.fmt.sbuf) HAWK_MMGR_FREE (fmtout->mmgr, fb.fmt.ptr);
	if (fb.out.ptr != fb.out.sbuf) HAWK_MMGR_FREE (fmtout->mmgr, fb.out.ptr);
	return -1;
}

int hawk_bfmt_outv (hawk_fmtout_t* fmtout, const hawk_bch_t* fmt, va_list ap)
{
	int n;
	const void* fmt_str;
	hawk_fmtout_fmt_type_t fmt_type;

	fmt_str = fmtout->fmt_str;
	fmt_type = fmtout->fmt_type;

	fmtout->fmt_type = HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_BCH;
	fmtout->fmt_str = fmt;

	n = fmt_outv(fmtout, ap);

	fmtout->fmt_str = fmt_str;
	fmtout->fmt_type = fmt_type;
	return n;
}

int hawk_ufmt_outv (hawk_fmtout_t* fmtout, const hawk_uch_t* fmt, va_list ap)
{
	int n;
	const void* fmt_str;
	hawk_fmtout_fmt_type_t fmt_type;

	fmt_str = fmtout->fmt_str;
	fmt_type = fmtout->fmt_type;

	fmtout->fmt_type = HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_UCH;
	fmtout->fmt_str = fmt;

	n = fmt_outv(fmtout, ap);

	fmtout->fmt_str = fmt_str;
	fmtout->fmt_type = fmt_type;
	return n;
}

int hawk_bfmt_out (hawk_fmtout_t* fmtout, const hawk_bch_t* fmt, ...)
{
	va_list ap;
	int n;
	const void* fmt_str;
	hawk_fmtout_fmt_type_t fmt_type;

	fmt_str = fmtout->fmt_str;
	fmt_type = fmtout->fmt_type;

	fmtout->fmt_type = HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_BCH;
	fmtout->fmt_str = fmt;

	va_start (ap, fmt);
	n = fmt_outv(fmtout, ap);
	va_end (ap);

	fmtout->fmt_str = fmt_str;
	fmtout->fmt_type = fmt_type;
	return n;
}

int hawk_ufmt_out (hawk_fmtout_t* fmtout, const hawk_uch_t* fmt, ...)
{
	va_list ap;
	int n;
	const void* fmt_str;
	hawk_fmtout_fmt_type_t fmt_type;

	fmt_str = fmtout->fmt_str;
	fmt_type = fmtout->fmt_type;

	fmtout->fmt_type = HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_UCH;
	fmtout->fmt_str = fmt;

	va_start (ap, fmt);
	n = fmt_outv(fmtout, ap);
	va_end (ap);

	fmtout->fmt_str = fmt_str;
	fmtout->fmt_type = fmt_type;
	return n;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * FORMATTED LOG OUTPUT
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* i don't want an error raised inside the callback to override
 * the existing error number and message. */
#define log_write(hawk,mask,ptr,len) do { \
	 int shuterr = (hawk)->shuterr; \
	 (hawk)->shuterr = 1; \
	 (hawk)->prm.logwrite(hawk, mask, ptr, len); \
	 (hawk)->shuterr = shuterr; \
} while(0)

static int log_oocs (hawk_fmtout_t* fmtout, const hawk_ooch_t* ptr, hawk_oow_t len)
{
	hawk_t* hawk = (hawk_t*)fmtout->ctx;
	hawk_oow_t rem;

	if (len <= 0) return 1;

	if (hawk->log.len > 0 && hawk->log.last_mask != fmtout->mask)
	{
		/* the mask has changed. commit the buffered text */
/* TODO: HANDLE LINE ENDING CONVENTION BETTER... */
		if (hawk->log.ptr[hawk->log.len - 1] != '\n')
		{
			/* no line ending - append a line terminator */
			hawk->log.ptr[hawk->log.len++] = '\n';
		}

		log_write(hawk, hawk->log.last_mask, hawk->log.ptr, hawk->log.len);
		hawk->log.len = 0;
	}

redo:
	rem = 0;
	if (len > hawk->log.capa - hawk->log.len)
	{
		hawk_oow_t newcapa, max;
		hawk_ooch_t* tmp;

		max = HAWK_TYPE_MAX(hawk_oow_t) - hawk->log.len;
		if (len > max)
		{
			/* data too big. */
			rem += len - max;
			len = max;
		}

		newcapa = HAWK_ALIGN_POW2(hawk->log.len + len, HAWK_LOG_CAPA_ALIGN);
		if (newcapa > hawk->opt.log_maxcapa)
		{
			/* [NOTE]
			 * it doesn't adjust newcapa to hawk->option.log_maxcapa.
			 * nor does it cut the input to fit it into the adjusted capacity.
			 * if maxcapa set is not aligned to HAWK_LOG_CAPA_ALIGN,
			 * the largest buffer capacity may be suboptimal */
			goto make_do;
		}

		/* +1 to handle line ending injection more easily */
		tmp = hawk_reallocmem(hawk, hawk->log.ptr, (newcapa + 1) * HAWK_SIZEOF(*tmp));
		if (!tmp)
		{
		make_do:
			if (hawk->log.len > 0)
			{
				/* can't expand the buffer. just flush the existing contents */
				/* TODO: HANDLE LINE ENDING CONVENTION BETTER... */
				if (hawk->log.ptr[hawk->log.len - 1] != '\n')
				{
					/* no line ending - append a line terminator */
					hawk->log.ptr[hawk->log.len++] = '\n';
				}
				log_write(hawk, hawk->log.last_mask, hawk->log.ptr, hawk->log.len);
				hawk->log.len = 0;
			}

			if (len > hawk->log.capa)
			{
				rem += len - hawk->log.capa;
				len = hawk->log.capa;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			hawk->log.ptr = tmp;
			hawk->log.capa = newcapa;
		}
	}

	HAWK_MEMCPY (&hawk->log.ptr[hawk->log.len], ptr, len * HAWK_SIZEOF(*ptr));
	hawk->log.len += len;
	hawk->log.last_mask = fmtout->mask;

	if (rem > 0)
	{
		ptr += len;
		len = rem;
		goto redo;
	}

	return 1; /* success */
}

#if defined(HAWK_OOCH_IS_BCH)
#define log_bcs log_oocs

static int log_ucs (hawk_fmtout_t* fmtout, const hawk_uch_t* ptr, hawk_oow_t len)
{
	hawk_t* hawk = (hawk_t*)fmtout->ctx;
	hawk_bch_t bcs[128];
	hawk_oow_t bcslen, rem;

	rem = len;
	while (rem > 0)
	{
		len = rem;
		bcslen = HAWK_COUNTOF(bcs);
		hawk_conv_uchars_to_bchars_with_cmgr (ptr, &len, bcs, &bcslen, hawk_getcmgr(hawk));
		log_bcs (fmtout, bcs, bcslen);
		rem -= len;
		ptr += len;
	}
	return 1;
}


#else

#define log_ucs log_oocs

static int log_bcs (hawk_fmtout_t* fmtout, const hawk_bch_t* ptr, hawk_oow_t len)
{
	hawk_t* hawk = (hawk_t*)fmtout->ctx;
	hawk_uch_t ucs[64];
	hawk_oow_t ucslen, rem;

	rem = len;
	while (rem > 0)
	{
		len = rem;
		ucslen = HAWK_COUNTOF(ucs);
		hawk_conv_bchars_to_uchars_with_cmgr (ptr, &len, ucs, &ucslen, hawk_getcmgr(hawk), 1);
		log_ucs (fmtout, ucs, ucslen);
		rem -= len;
		ptr += len;
	}
	return 1;
}

#endif

hawk_ooi_t hawk_logbfmtv (hawk_t* hawk, hawk_bitmask_t mask, const hawk_bch_t* fmt, va_list ap)
{
	int x;
	hawk_fmtout_t fo;

	if (hawk->log.default_type_mask & HAWK_LOG_ALL_TYPES)
	{
		/* if a type is given, it's not untyped any more.
		 * mask off the UNTYPED bit */
		mask &= ~HAWK_LOG_UNTYPED;

		/* if the default_type_mask has the UNTYPED bit on,
		 * it'll get turned back on */
		mask |= (hawk->log.default_type_mask & HAWK_LOG_ALL_TYPES);
	}
	else if (!(mask & HAWK_LOG_ALL_TYPES))
	{
		/* no type is set in the given mask and no default type is set.
		 * make it UNTYPED. */
		mask |= HAWK_LOG_UNTYPED;
	}

	HAWK_MEMSET (&fo, 0, HAWK_SIZEOF(fo));
	fo.fmt_type = HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_BCH;
	fo.fmt_str = fmt;
	fo.ctx = hawk;
	fo.mask = mask;
	fo.putbchars = log_bcs;
	fo.putuchars = log_ucs;

	x = fmt_outv(&fo, ap);

	if (hawk->log.len > 0 && hawk->log.ptr[hawk->log.len - 1] == '\n')
	{
		log_write(hawk, hawk->log.last_mask, hawk->log.ptr, hawk->log.len);
		hawk->log.len = 0;
	}

	return (x <= -1)? -1: fo.count;
}

hawk_ooi_t hawk_logbfmt (hawk_t* hawk, hawk_bitmask_t mask, const hawk_bch_t* fmt, ...)
{
	hawk_ooi_t x;
	va_list ap;

	va_start (ap, fmt);
	x = hawk_logbfmtv(hawk, mask, fmt, ap);
	va_end (ap);

	return x;
}

hawk_ooi_t hawk_logufmtv (hawk_t* hawk, hawk_bitmask_t mask, const hawk_uch_t* fmt, va_list ap)
{
	int x;
	hawk_fmtout_t fo;

	if (hawk->log.default_type_mask & HAWK_LOG_ALL_TYPES)
	{
		/* if a type is given, it's not untyped any more.
		 * mask off the UNTYPED bit */
		mask &= ~HAWK_LOG_UNTYPED;

		/* if the default_type_mask has the UNTYPED bit on,
		 * it'll get turned back on */
		mask |= (hawk->log.default_type_mask & HAWK_LOG_ALL_TYPES);
	}
	else if (!(mask & HAWK_LOG_ALL_TYPES))
	{
		/* no type is set in the given mask and no default type is set.
		 * make it UNTYPED. */
		mask |= HAWK_LOG_UNTYPED;
	}

	HAWK_MEMSET (&fo, 0, HAWK_SIZEOF(fo));
	fo.fmt_type = HAWK_FMTOUT_FMT_TYPE_UCH;
	fo.fmt_str = fmt;
	fo.ctx = hawk;
	fo.mask = mask;
	fo.putbchars = log_bcs;
	fo.putuchars = log_ucs;

	x = fmt_outv(&fo, ap);

	if (hawk->log.len > 0 && hawk->log.ptr[hawk->log.len - 1] == '\n')
	{
		log_write(hawk, hawk->log.last_mask, hawk->log.ptr, hawk->log.len);
		hawk->log.len = 0;
	}
	return (x <= -1)? -1: fo.count;
}

hawk_ooi_t hawk_logufmt (hawk_t* hawk, hawk_bitmask_t mask, const hawk_uch_t* fmt, ...)
{
	hawk_ooi_t x;
	va_list ap;

	va_start (ap, fmt);
	x = hawk_logufmtv(hawk, mask, fmt, ap);
	va_end (ap);

	return x;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * STRING FORMATTING
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#if 0
static int sprint_bchars (hawk_fmtout_t* fmtout, const hawk_bch_t* ptr, hawk_oow_t len)
{
	hawk_t* hawk = (hawk_t*)fmtout->ctx;
	hawk_oow_t unused, oolen, blen;

	unused = hawk->sprintf.xbuf.capa - hawk->sprintf.xbuf.len;

#if defined(HAWK_OOCH_IS_UCH)
	blen = len;
	hawk_conv_bchars_to_uchars_with_cmgr (ptr, &blen, HAWK_NULL, &oolen, hawk_getcmgr(hawk), 1);
#else
	oolen = len;
#endif

	if (oolen > unused)
	{
		hawk_ooch_t* tmp;
		hawk_oow_t newcapa;

		newcapa = hawk->sprintf.xbuf.len + oolen + 1;
		newcapa = HAWK_ALIGN_POW2(newcapa, 256);

		tmp = (hawk_ooch_t*)hawk_reallocmem(hawk, hawk->sprintf.xbuf.ptr, newcapa * HAWK_SIZEOF(*tmp));
		if (!tmp) return -1;

		hawk->sprintf.xbuf.ptr = tmp;
		hawk->sprintf.xbuf.capa = newcapa;
	}

#if defined(HAWK_OOCH_IS_UCH)
	hawk_conv_bchars_to_uchars_with_cmgr (ptr, &len, &hawk->sprintf.xbuf.ptr[hawk->sprintf.xbuf.len], &oolen, hawk_getcmgr(hawk), 1);
#else
	HAWK_MEMCPY (&hawk->sprintf.xbuf.ptr[hawk->sprintf.xbuf.len], ptr, len * HAWK_SIZEOF(*ptr));
#endif
	hawk->sprintf.xbuf.len += oolen;

	return 1; /* success */
}

static int sprint_uchars (hawk_fmtout_t* fmtout, const hawk_uch_t* ptr, hawk_oow_t len)
{
	hawk_t* hawk = (hawk_t*)fmtout->ctx;
	hawk_oow_t unused, oolen, ulen;

	unused = hawk->sprintf.xbuf.capa - hawk->sprintf.xbuf.len;

#if defined(HAWK_OOCH_IS_UCH)
	oolen = len;
#else
	ulen = len;
	hawk_conv_uchars_to_bchars_with_cmgr (ptr, &ulen, HAWK_NULL, &oolen, hawk_getcmgr(hawk));
#endif

	if (oolen > unused)
	{
		hawk_ooch_t* tmp;
		hawk_oow_t newcapa;

		newcapa = hawk->sprintf.xbuf.len + oolen + 1;
		newcapa = HAWK_ALIGN_POW2(newcapa, 256);

		tmp = (hawk_ooch_t*)hawk_reallocmem(hawk, hawk->sprintf.xbuf.ptr, newcapa * HAWK_SIZEOF(*tmp));
		if (!tmp) return -1;

		hawk->sprintf.xbuf.ptr = tmp;
		hawk->sprintf.xbuf.capa = newcapa;
	}

#if defined(HAWK_OOCH_IS_UCH)
	HAWK_MEMCPY (&hawk->sprintf.xbuf.ptr[hawk->sprintf.xbuf.len], ptr, len * HAWK_SIZEOF(*ptr));
#else
	hawk_conv_uchars_to_bchars_with_cmgr (ptr, &len, &hawk->sprintf.xbuf.ptr[hawk->sprintf.xbuf.len], &oolen, hawk_getcmgr(hawk));
#endif
	hawk->sprintf.xbuf.len += oolen;

	return 1; /* success */
}


#endif